个体死亡对施工安全事故学习的影响路径分析
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摘要
为提高事故知识获取的效率,考虑安全事故中个体可能死亡的固有特点,将幸存者拥的有信息和调查组层级纳入事故学习模型中,同时引入事故特征和其他信息来源作为调节变量,构建个体死亡对事故学习影响机制概念模型,并通过78份施工事故调查报告采集数据,运用路径分析法进行验证。研究表明:幸存者拥有的信息对还原事故过程和确定事故直接原因有显著的正向影响,但同时存在"死亡悖论";调查组层级的影响总体不显著;持续时间短和作业空间开阔的事故特征及其他信息来源会对上述关系产生调节作用;应细化见证者访谈手册,在隐蔽空间推广使用监控设备,公开全部事故资料及建立调查组层级动态调整机制。
For the sake of improving the accident learning efficiency,a model was built for impact of individual death on construction safety accident learning,after considering the individual death as the inherent characteristics of safety accidents,the information the survivors and the survey group have,and taking the accident characteristics and other sources of information as regulation variables. On the basis of the data collected from 78 investigation reports on construction accidents,the model was verified by using path analysis. The results show that the information from the survivors is helpful in understanding accident and identifying the direct cause,but the " death paradox" exists; the overall impact of the survey group is not significant; the data from other sources as well as the short duration and the open space of the accident have a regulating effect on the relationship above; the witness interview manual should be refined; use of monitoring equipment in the closed spaces should be promoted; all the accident data should be made public; and a adjustment mechanism of the investigation unit should be established.
For the sake of improving the accident learning efficiency,a model was built for impact of individual death on construction safety accident learning,after considering the individual death as the inherent characteristics of safety accidents,the information the survivors and the survey group have,and taking the accident characteristics and other sources of information as regulation variables. On the basis of the data collected from 78 investigation reports on construction accidents,the model was verified by using path analysis. The results show that the information from the survivors is helpful in understanding accident and identifying the direct cause,but the " death paradox" exists; the overall impact of the survey group is not significant; the data from other sources as well as the short duration and the open space of the accident have a regulating effect on the relationship above; the witness interview manual should be refined; use of monitoring equipment in the closed spaces should be promoted; all the accident data should be made public; and a adjustment mechanism of the investigation unit should be established.
引文
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[17]梁振东,刘海滨.个体特征因素对不安全行为影响的SEM研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2013,23(2):27-33.LIANG Zhendong,LIU Haibin.SEM-based study on effects of individual characteristics factors on unsafe behavior[J].China Safety Science Journal,2013,23(2):27-33.
[18]高伟明,曹庆仁,许正权.新生代员工心理资本对安全行为的影响:基于安全动机和安全知识的中介作用[J].科学决策,2016(1):21-41.GAO Weiming,CAO Qingren,XU Zhengquan.Impact of millennial employees psychological capital on safety behavior:the mediating effect of safety motivation and safety knowledge[J].Scientific Decision Making,2016(1):21-41.
[19]马振鹏,俞秀宝,吴宗法,等.安全知识对安全绩效的影响机制研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2016,26(7):141-146.MA Zhenpeng,YU Xiubao,WU Zongfa,et al.Research on influence mechanism of safety knowledge on safety performance[J].China Safety Science Journal,2016,26(7):141-146.
[20]ASHBY N J,KONSTANTINIDIS E,YECHIAM E.Choice in experiential learning:true preferences or experimental artifacts?[J].Acta Psychologica,2017,174(3):59-67.
[21]吴明隆.结构方程模型:AMOS的操作与应用[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2010:4-5.
[2]张涛,王大洲.从工程事故中学习的过程及其制度安排[J].工程研究—跨学科视野中的工程,2013,5(3):309-317.ZHANG Tao,WANG Dazhou.On the learning process from the engineering accidents and the relevant institutional arrangements[J].Journal of Engineering Studies,2013,5(3):309-317.
[3]薛澜,沈华,王郅强.“7.23重大事故”的警示:中国安全事故调查机制的完善与改进[J].国家行政学院学报,2012(2):23-28.XUE Lan,SHEN Hua,WANG Zhiqiang.The warning of the 7.23 major accident-the improvement of China's safety accident investigation mechanism[J].Journal of China National School of Administration,2012(2):23-28.
[4]高恩新.特大生产安全事故的归因与行政问责:基于65份调查报告的分析[J].公共管理学报,2015,12(4):58-70.GAO Enxin.The attribution and administrative accountability of mass serious industrial accidents in contemporary China:based on analysis of 65 investigation reports[J].Journal of Public Management,2015,12(4):58-70.
[5]曾辉,陈国华.对建立第三方事故调查机制的探讨[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2011,7(6):81-86.ZENG Hui,CHEN Guohua.Analysis of mechanism for establishment of third party accident investigation[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2011,7(6):81-86.
[6]SMITH D,ELLIOTT D.Exploring the barriers to learning from crisis:organizational learning and crisis[J].Management Learning,2007,38(5):519-538.
[7]LINDBERG A K,HANSSON S O,ROLLENHAGEN C.Learning from accidents-what more do we need to know?[J].Safety Science,2010,48(6):714-721.
[8]曾明荣,王兴.中欧事故报告与调查处理比较研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2015,11(5):148-153.ZENG Mingrong,WANG Xing.Comparative research on reporting,investigation and disposal of work safety accidents in China and EU[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2015,11(5):148-153.
[9]ROED-LARSEN S,STOOP J.Modern accident investigation-four major challenges[J].Safety Science,2012,50(6):1 392-1 397.
[10]SVEDUNG I,RASMUSSEN J.Graphic representation of accident scenarios:mapping system structure and the causation of accidents[J].Safety Science,2002,40(5):397-417.
[11]SKLET S.Comparison of some selected methods for accident investigation[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2004,111(1/2/3):29-37.
[12]FAHLBRUCH B,SCHBEL M.SOL-Safety through organizational learning:a method for event analysis[J].Safety Science,2011,49(1):27-31.
[13]张玲,陈国华.事故调查分析方法与技术述评[J].中国安全科学学报,2009,19(4):169-176.ZHANG Ling,CHEN Guohua.Review on accident investigation and analysis methods[J].China Safety Science Journal,2009,19(4):169-176.
[14]LUNDBERG J,ROLLENHAGEN C,HOLLNAGEL E.What you find is not always what you fix:how other aspects than causes of accidents decide recommendations for remedial actions[J].Accident Analysis&Prevention,2010,42(6),2 132-2 139.
[15]COZE J C L.Disasters and organisations:from lessons learnt to theorising[J].Safety Science,2008,46(1):132-149.
[16]JIANG Li,YU Guangtao,LI Yongjuan,et al.Perceived colleagues’safety knowledge/behavior and safety performance:safety climate as a moderator in a multilevel study[J].Accident Analysis&Prevention,2010,42(2):1 468-1 476.
[17]梁振东,刘海滨.个体特征因素对不安全行为影响的SEM研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2013,23(2):27-33.LIANG Zhendong,LIU Haibin.SEM-based study on effects of individual characteristics factors on unsafe behavior[J].China Safety Science Journal,2013,23(2):27-33.
[18]高伟明,曹庆仁,许正权.新生代员工心理资本对安全行为的影响:基于安全动机和安全知识的中介作用[J].科学决策,2016(1):21-41.GAO Weiming,CAO Qingren,XU Zhengquan.Impact of millennial employees psychological capital on safety behavior:the mediating effect of safety motivation and safety knowledge[J].Scientific Decision Making,2016(1):21-41.
[19]马振鹏,俞秀宝,吴宗法,等.安全知识对安全绩效的影响机制研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2016,26(7):141-146.MA Zhenpeng,YU Xiubao,WU Zongfa,et al.Research on influence mechanism of safety knowledge on safety performance[J].China Safety Science Journal,2016,26(7):141-146.
[20]ASHBY N J,KONSTANTINIDIS E,YECHIAM E.Choice in experiential learning:true preferences or experimental artifacts?[J].Acta Psychologica,2017,174(3):59-67.
[21]吴明隆.结构方程模型:AMOS的操作与应用[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2010:4-5.