乌溪江梯级水库的营养特征及水生态健康评价
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摘要
大量梯级水电开发对河流生态系统的健康状况产生重要影响。以乌溪江梯级水库为研究区域,2017年6—11月对上游湖南镇水库和下游黄坛口水库的营养特征及浮游植物组成进行了调查,并应用生物完整性评价指数对水库水生态系统进行健康评价。结果表明,乌溪江梯级水库氮、磷、有机物含量较低,处于贫营养状态。调查期间共鉴定浮游植物8门152种,其中蓝藻门和绿藻门的密度较高,下游黄坛口水库的浮游植物密度低于上游湖南镇水库。生物完整性指数评价结果显示,乌溪江梯级水库生物完整性较高,处于一般到亚健康状态,该指数受水温影响明显,水温低时黄坛口水库的健康状况较好,水温高时湖南镇水库的健康状况较好。
Extensive cascading hydropower dam exploitation may profoundly affect the river ecosystem health. The nutritional characteristics and community structure of phytoplankton in upstream Hunanzhen reservoir and downstream Huangtankou reservoir in Wuxijiang cascade reservoirs from June 2017 to November 2017 were investigated, and the assessment of the reservoir aquatic ecosystem health was performed by Index of Biological Integrity( IBI) method. The results indicated that nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter contents of Wuxijiang cascade reservoirs were low, the nutritional level was poor. The 152 taxa of phytoplankton belonging to 8 phyla were identified, the densities of cyanobacteria and chlorophyte were high, and the phytoplankton density in downstream Huangtankou reservoir was lower than that in upstream Hunanzhen reservoir. The IBI assessment result showed that Wuxijiang cascade reservoirs were in relatively high biological integrity, and at normal to sub-health level. The IBI index was significantly affected by the water temperature, suggesting that the good health level was found in Huangtankou reservoir with low water temperature, but in Hunanzhen reservoir with high water temperature.
Extensive cascading hydropower dam exploitation may profoundly affect the river ecosystem health. The nutritional characteristics and community structure of phytoplankton in upstream Hunanzhen reservoir and downstream Huangtankou reservoir in Wuxijiang cascade reservoirs from June 2017 to November 2017 were investigated, and the assessment of the reservoir aquatic ecosystem health was performed by Index of Biological Integrity( IBI) method. The results indicated that nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter contents of Wuxijiang cascade reservoirs were low, the nutritional level was poor. The 152 taxa of phytoplankton belonging to 8 phyla were identified, the densities of cyanobacteria and chlorophyte were high, and the phytoplankton density in downstream Huangtankou reservoir was lower than that in upstream Hunanzhen reservoir. The IBI assessment result showed that Wuxijiang cascade reservoirs were in relatively high biological integrity, and at normal to sub-health level. The IBI index was significantly affected by the water temperature, suggesting that the good health level was found in Huangtankou reservoir with low water temperature, but in Hunanzhen reservoir with high water temperature.
引文
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[22]武士蓉,徐梦佳,陈禹桥,等.基于水质与浮游生物调查的汉石桥湿地富营养化评价[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(2):411-417.WU S R,XU M J,CHEN Y Q,et al.Evaluation of eutrophication for the Hanshiqiao wetland based on water quality and plankton data[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2015,35(2):411-417.
[2]WANG Y K,ZHANG N,WANG D,et al.Investigating the impacts of cascade hydropower development on the natural flow regime in the Yangtze River,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,624:1187-1194.
[3]LIU Q.The phosphorus speciations in the sediments up-and down-stream of cascade dams along the middle Lancang River[J].Chemosphere,2015,120:653-659.
[4]LI J P,DONG S K,LIU S L,et al.Effects of cascading hydropower dams on the composition,biomass and biological integrity of phytoplankton assemblages in the middle LancangMekong River[J].Ecological Engineering,2013,60:316-324.
[5]AKHURST D J,JONES,G B,CLARK M,et al.Effects of fish and macrophytes on phytoplankton and zooplankton community structure in a subtropical freshwater reservoir[J].Lomnologica,2017,62:5-18.
[6]LI J P,DONG S K,PENG M C,et al.Effects of damming on the biological integrity of fish assemblages in the middle LancangMekong River basin[J].Ecological Indicators,2013,34:94-102.
[7]SHAO M L,HAN X Q,XIE Z C,et al.Comparative study on macroinvertebrate communities along a reservoir cascade in Xiangxi River basin[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,27(12):4963-4971.
[8]ZHAI H J,CUI B S,HU B,et al.Prediction of river ecological integrity after cascade hydropower dam construction on the mainstream of rivers in Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region(LRGR),China[J].Ecological Engineering,2013,60:316-324.
[9]黎慧卉,刘丛强,汪福顺,等.猫跳河流域梯级水库磷的夏季变化特征[J].长江流域资源与环境,2009,18(4):368-372.LI H H,LIU C Q,WANG F S,et al.Change characteristics of phosphorus in cascade reservoirs on Maotiao River system in summer[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2009,18(4):368-372.
[10]NUKAZAWA K,KIHARA K,SUZUKI Y.Negligible contribution of reservoir dams to organic and inorganic transport in the lower Mimi River,Japan[J].Journal of Hydrology,2017,555:288-297.
[11]ZHOU X P,CHEN N W,YAN Z H,et al.Warming increases nutrient mobilization and gaseous nitrogen removal from sediments across cascade reservoirs[J].Environmental Pollution,2016,219:490-500.
[12]李干蓉,陈椽,刘丛强,等.猫跳河流域平水期浮游植物与水质评价[J].海南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2009,22(2):209-213.LI G R,CHEN C,LIU C Q,et al.Phytoplankton composition and evaluation of water quality of Maotiao River in normal water season[J].Journal of Hainan Normal University(Natural Science),2009,22(2):209-213.
[13]陆开宏,朱津永,王扬才,等.湖南镇水库浮游生物及其影响因子的典范对应分析[J].中国水产科学,2008,15(6):950-960.LU K H,ZHU J Y,WANG Y C,et al.Structure and dynamics of plankton community and their impact factors based on CCA analysis in Hunanzhen Reservoir[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2008,15(6):950-960.
[14]GU J Q,ZHOU J,WILSON M,et al.Species diversity and functional diversity of insects in Wuxijiang National Wetland Park,East China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36:386-391.
[15]张克鑫,陆开宏,金春华,等.基于BP神经网络的湖南镇水库叶绿素a浓度预测模型的研究[J].海洋湖沼通报,2011(2):91-99.ZHANG K X,LU K H,JIN C H,et al.Predicting model of the concentration of chlorophyll-a based on BP neural network in Hunanzhen Reservoir[J].Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,2011(2):91-99.
[16]徐刚,柳鑫.乌溪江梯级湖南镇水库年末消落水位研究[J].水利水电技术,2016,47(4):93-97.XU G,LIU X.Study on year-end drawdown level of Hunanzhen Reservoir of Wuxijiang River cascade reservoir[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2016,47(4):93-97.
[17]KARR J R.Assessment of biotic integrity using fish communities[J].Fisheries,1981,6(6):21-27.
[18]杨燕君,徐沙,刘瑞,等.基于附石藻类生物完整性指数对汝溪河水生态系统健康的评价[J].水生生物学报,2017,41(1):228-236.YANG Y J,XU S,LIU R,et al.Using epilithic algae assemblages to assess stream health of the Ruxi River,China[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2017,41(1):228-236.
[19]蔡琨,秦春燕,李继影,等.基于浮游植物生物完整性指数的湖泊生态系统评价:以2012年冬季太湖为例[J].生态学报,2016,36(5):1431-1441.CAI K,QIN C Y,LI J Y,et al.Preliminary study on phytoplanktonic index of biotic integrity(P-IBI)assessment for lake ecosystem health:a case of Taihu Lake in winter,2012[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(5):1431-1441.
[20]BLOCKSOM K A,KURTENBACH J P,KLEMM D J,et al.Development and evaluation of the lake macroinvertebrate integrity index for New Jersey lakes and reservoirs[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2002,77(3):311-333.
[21]AN K G,PARK S S,SHIN J Y.An evaluation of a river health using the index of biological integrity along with relations to chemical and habitat conditions[J].Environment International,2002,28(5):411-420.
[22]武士蓉,徐梦佳,陈禹桥,等.基于水质与浮游生物调查的汉石桥湿地富营养化评价[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(2):411-417.WU S R,XU M J,CHEN Y Q,et al.Evaluation of eutrophication for the Hanshiqiao wetland based on water quality and plankton data[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2015,35(2):411-417.