偏置式果园松土锄草施肥装备研究与设计
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摘要
我国果园规模发展快速,急需相应的现代化农业装备配套和支持,结合国内传统的果园特点和管理作业需要,研究一种适用于果园的偏置复式作业装备。基于模块化设计技术、虚拟样机技术,对偏置式果园松土锄草施肥装备的偏置部件及作业部件进行设计与优化,利用Pro/E软件对样机进行仿真与设计,对关键部件进行计算与校核。田间试验表明:机具作业性能达到设计要求,平均开沟深度250 mm,作业幅宽950 mm,偏置量900～1 200 mm无级可调,施肥均匀,作业效率达到0.268 hm~2/h以上。
With the rapid development of orchard scale in China, it is badly in need of modern agricultural equipment. Based on the characteristics of traditional orchards and the needs of management operations in China, swing-offset and compound operation equipment for orchard is studied. Based on modular design technology and virtual prototyping technology, the biased parts and operating parts of offset orchard equipment for fertilization and scarification and weed control are designed and optimized. The prototype is simulated and designed by Pro/E, and the key parts are calculated and checked. Field experiments show that the performance of the machine meets the design requirements, average ditching depth is 250 mm, operating width is 950 mm, offset is 900～1 200 mm(stepless adjustable), fertilization is uniform, and operating efficiency is more than 0.268 hm~2/h. The ditch depth and the amount of fertilization can be adjusted according to the agronomic requirements during the operation.
With the rapid development of orchard scale in China, it is badly in need of modern agricultural equipment. Based on the characteristics of traditional orchards and the needs of management operations in China, swing-offset and compound operation equipment for orchard is studied. Based on modular design technology and virtual prototyping technology, the biased parts and operating parts of offset orchard equipment for fertilization and scarification and weed control are designed and optimized. The prototype is simulated and designed by Pro/E, and the key parts are calculated and checked. Field experiments show that the performance of the machine meets the design requirements, average ditching depth is 250 mm, operating width is 950 mm, offset is 900～1 200 mm(stepless adjustable), fertilization is uniform, and operating efficiency is more than 0.268 hm~2/h. The ditch depth and the amount of fertilization can be adjusted according to the agronomic requirements during the operation.
引文
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[3] 夏瑞花,吴董军,蒙贺伟.2FPG-40型葡萄开沟施肥机的设计与试验[J].中国农机化学报,2018,39(12):36-40.Xia Ruihua,Wu Dongjun,Meng Hewei.Design and experiment of 2FPG-40 grape ditching fertilizer combined machine [J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2018,39(12):36-40.
[4] 黄照源.科学施肥[M].北京:金盾出版社,2007.
[5] 周宏明,薛伟,桑正中.旋耕机总体参数的优化设计模型[J].农业机械学报,2001(5):37-39,43.Zhou Hongming,Xue Wei,Sang Zhengzhong.Optimized design model for general parameters of a rotary tiller [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery,2001(5):37-39,43.
[6] 刘双喜,张宏建,王金星,等.果园开沟施肥机导肥机构的优化设计[J].中国农机化学报,2017,38(7):45-53.Liu Shuangxi,Zhang Hongjian,Wang Jinxing,et.al.Optimization design of fertilizer-guiding mechanism for orchard ditching and fertilizing machine [J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2017,38(7):45-53.
[7] 孙兴祚,刘潇,王忠军,等.新疆果园有机肥条施机设计与试验[J].中国农机化学报,2018,39(6):48-51,76.Sun Xingxuo,Liu Xiao,Wang Zhongjun,et al.Design and experiment of organic fertilizer banding machine in Xinjiang orchard [J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2018,39(6):48-51,76.
[8] Sanders K F.Orange harvesting systems review [J].Bio-systems Engineering,2005,90(2):115-125.