浙江省水上项目运动员心理坚韧性与教练员支持行为研究
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摘要
分析了浙江省水上项目运动员心理坚韧性、教练员支持行为现状,以及两者之间的相关关系。采用心理坚韧性量表(MTI)以及人际行为问卷(IBQ)对87名水上项目运动员进行调查,结果发现:运动员心理坚韧性与教练员支持行为在性别、年龄、学历、运动等级上存在差异,教练员支持行为各维度与运动员心理坚韧性显著相关。提出了提高运动员心理坚韧性的策略:就教练员而言,应建立有效的教练员-运动员关系模式;给予运动员选择的权利与自由;创设有挑战性的训练环境;实施有针对性的执教行为。就运动员而言,需从容应对训练和比赛中的逆境和挫折,总结经验,提高自身的心理坚韧性。
The paper analyzes the psychological tenacity of water sports athletes in Zhejiang Province, the current situation of coaches' support behavior and the correlation between them. MTI and IBQ were used to investigate 87 athletes in water sports. The results showed that the psychological resilience of athletes and the supporting behavior of coaches were different with gender, age and academic background. The dimensions of coaches' support behavior were significantly related to athletes' mental resilience. This paper puts forward some strategies to improve athletes' mental tenacity. An effective model of coach-athlete relationship should be set up. The right and freedom of choice should be given to the athletes. It is necessary to create a challenging training environment. It is necessary to engage in targeted coaching. As far as athletes are concerned, it is necessary to deal with the adversity and setbacks in training and competition, sum up the experience and improve their mental resilience.
The paper analyzes the psychological tenacity of water sports athletes in Zhejiang Province, the current situation of coaches' support behavior and the correlation between them. MTI and IBQ were used to investigate 87 athletes in water sports. The results showed that the psychological resilience of athletes and the supporting behavior of coaches were different with gender, age and academic background. The dimensions of coaches' support behavior were significantly related to athletes' mental resilience. This paper puts forward some strategies to improve athletes' mental tenacity. An effective model of coach-athlete relationship should be set up. The right and freedom of choice should be given to the athletes. It is necessary to create a challenging training environment. It is necessary to engage in targeted coaching. As far as athletes are concerned, it is necessary to deal with the adversity and setbacks in training and competition, sum up the experience and improve their mental resilience.
引文
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[2] Jones G,Hanton S,Connaughton D.A framework of mental toughness in the world’s best performers[J].Sport Psychologist,2007(21):243-264.
[3] ROCCHI M,PELLETIER L,CHEUNG S,et al.Assessing need-supportive and need-thwarting interpersonal behaviors:The Interpersonal Behaviors Questionnaire (IBQ)[J].Personality & Individual Differences,2017(104):423-433.
[4] ROCCHI M,PELLETIER L,DESMARAIS P.The Validity of the Interpersonal Behaviors Questionnaire (IBQ)in Sport[J].Measurement in Physical Education & Exercise Science,2016(21):1-10.
[5] GUCCIARDI D F,HANTON S,GORDON S,et al.The Concept of Mental Toughness:Tests of Dimensionality,Nomological Network,and Traitness[J].Journal of Personality,2015(1):26-44.
[6] GUCCIARDI D F,ZHANG C Q,PONNUSAMY V,et al.Cross-Cultural Invariance of the Mental Toughness Inventory Among Australian,Chinese,and Malaysian Athletes:A Bayesian Estimation Approach[J].Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology,2016(2):187-202.