广东橘园生境实蝇多样性及优势种的季节动态
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摘要
为明确广东橘园生境的实蝇种类及优势种的季节动态,2016年在肇庆市怀集县、韶关市始兴县和潮州市潮安区各选择一处橘园开展实蝇监测并分析实蝇昆虫的多样性特征及优势种的季节动态。本次监测共诱集到7属15种实蝇。其中,怀集县橘园的物种丰富度最高,所获得的15种实蝇在该地均有发现,橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis为怀集县橘园的优势种。此外,值得关注的是,怀集县橘园还监测到柑橘专性害虫蜜柑大实蝇B.tsuneonis,蜜柑大实蝇的此次发现在广东省为首次报道。始兴县橘园监测到实蝇7种,其多样性、优势度和均匀度指数在3个橘园中最高,南瓜实蝇Bactrocera tau和橘小实蝇是该橘园的优势种。潮安区橘园监测到5种,其所有多样性指数在3个橘园中最低,橘小实蝇占绝对优势。监测结果表明橘小实蝇、南瓜实蝇、瓜实蝇和具条实蝇是广东橘园生境的常见种。橘小实蝇与南瓜实蝇是橘园生境的优势种,橘小实蝇与南瓜实蝇的成虫全年均可发生。
The objective of this research was to investigate the biodiversity and seasonal population dynamics of the main dominant species of the fruit fly(Diptera: Tephritidae) in tangerine orchard in Guangdong Province. Three tangerine orchards,which respectively located in Huaiji(24. 0748° N,112. 0201°E),Shixing(24. 5627° N,114. 0836° E) and Chaoan(23. 4206° N,116. 4524° E),were selected as the study sites. The survey was conducted all the year round in 2016. Total 15 fruit fly species,including Bactrocera cucuribitae, B. dorsalis, B. rubigina, B. scutellata, B. tau, B.tsuneonis,Bactrocera sp.,Euphranta chrysopila,Erectovena desperate,Acroceratitis spp.(2 species),Dacus sp.,Gastrozona spp.(2 species) and Trypeta sp.,were trapped in this study. All the captured15 species,and the highest Margalef index(E) were obtained in Huaiji orchard. B. dorsalis was the dominant species in this orchard. In addition,the Japanese orange fly,B. tsuneonis,one of the most destructive citrus-exclusive pests,was detected in Huaiji orchard. It was a first report of B. tsuneonis being recorded in Guangdong. The orchard located in Shixing where 7 species were trapped. Simpson index(D),Shannon-Wiener index(H') and Pielou's evenness index(J) of Tephritidae in Shixing orchard were the highest among the three orchards. B. tau and B. dorsalis were the main dominant species in this orchard. The orchard located in Chaoan where 5 species were trapped. All the selected biodiversity indexes of Tephritidae in Chaoan orchard were the lowest among the three orchards. B.dorsalis was the dominant species in this orchard. The result indicated that B. dorsalis,B. tau,B.cucuribitae and B. scutellata were common species in tangerine orchard. B. dorsalis and B. tau were the main dominant flies. Field seasons showed that both B. dorsalis and B. tau adults could be detected all the year round.
The objective of this research was to investigate the biodiversity and seasonal population dynamics of the main dominant species of the fruit fly(Diptera: Tephritidae) in tangerine orchard in Guangdong Province. Three tangerine orchards,which respectively located in Huaiji(24. 0748° N,112. 0201°E),Shixing(24. 5627° N,114. 0836° E) and Chaoan(23. 4206° N,116. 4524° E),were selected as the study sites. The survey was conducted all the year round in 2016. Total 15 fruit fly species,including Bactrocera cucuribitae, B. dorsalis, B. rubigina, B. scutellata, B. tau, B.tsuneonis,Bactrocera sp.,Euphranta chrysopila,Erectovena desperate,Acroceratitis spp.(2 species),Dacus sp.,Gastrozona spp.(2 species) and Trypeta sp.,were trapped in this study. All the captured15 species,and the highest Margalef index(E) were obtained in Huaiji orchard. B. dorsalis was the dominant species in this orchard. In addition,the Japanese orange fly,B. tsuneonis,one of the most destructive citrus-exclusive pests,was detected in Huaiji orchard. It was a first report of B. tsuneonis being recorded in Guangdong. The orchard located in Shixing where 7 species were trapped. Simpson index(D),Shannon-Wiener index(H') and Pielou's evenness index(J) of Tephritidae in Shixing orchard were the highest among the three orchards. B. tau and B. dorsalis were the main dominant species in this orchard. The orchard located in Chaoan where 5 species were trapped. All the selected biodiversity indexes of Tephritidae in Chaoan orchard were the lowest among the three orchards. B.dorsalis was the dominant species in this orchard. The result indicated that B. dorsalis,B. tau,B.cucuribitae and B. scutellata were common species in tangerine orchard. B. dorsalis and B. tau were the main dominant flies. Field seasons showed that both B. dorsalis and B. tau adults could be detected all the year round.
引文
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Han P,Wang X,Niu CY,et al.Population dynamics,phenology,and overwintering of Bactrocera dorsalis(Diptera:Tephritidae)in Hubei Province,China[J].Journal of Pest Science,2011,84(3):289-295.
Hancock DL.An annotated key to the species of Acanthonevra Macquart and allied genera(Diptera:Tephritidae:Acanthonevrini)[J].Australian Entomologist,2011,38(3):109-128.
He YB,Zhong PS,Zhan,RL,et al.Preliminary survey on fruit fly(Diptera:Tephritidae)in Guangdong Province[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture,2017,37(8):32-35.[何衍彪,钟平生,詹儒林,等.广东省实蝇类害虫调查初报[J].热带农业科学,2017,37(8):32-35]
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Jin Y,Liu XF,He XC,et al.Reproductive biology of Bactrocera(Zeugodacus)scutellata(Hendel)(Diptera:Tephritidae)[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,2015,52(5):1161-1166.[晋燕,刘晓飞,何兴财,等.宽带果实蝇繁殖生物学研究[J].应用昆虫学报,2015,52(5):1161-1166]
Kazi AS.Studies on the field habits of adult melon fruit fly Dacus(Strumeta)cucurbitae,Coquillet[J].Pakistan Journal of Science and Industrial Research,1976,19:71-76.
Leblanc L,Vueti ET,Allwood AJ.Host plant records for fruit flies(Diptera:Tephritidae:Dacini)in the Pacific Islands:2.Infestation statistics on economic hosts.Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society,2013,45:83-117.
Li W,Liu F,Zhou W,et al.Diversity of fruit fly community in Hainan Island[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2010,31(12):2260-2266.[李伟东,刘福秀,周卫川,等.海南岛实蝇群落的多样性分析[J].热带作物学报,2010,31(12):2260-2266]
Li WF,Gong XZ,Huang YC,et al.Species of fruit flies in China's Guangxi Province and their population dynamics[J].Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition),2008,30(2):124-128.[李伟丰,龚秀泽,黄永成,等.广西实蝇的种类及发生动态[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2008,30(2):124-128]
Liang GQ,Liang F,Zhao JP,et al.Overview of the study on fruit flies quarantine in China[J].Journal of Environmental Entomology,2008,30(4):361-369.[梁广勤,梁帆,赵菊鹏,等.中国实蝇检疫研究概况[J].环境昆虫学报,2008,30(4):361-369]
Liang,GQ,Hancock DL,Xu W,et al.Notes on the Dacinae of Southern China(Diptera:Tephritidae)[J].Journal of the Australian Entomological Society,1993,32(2):137-140.
Liang,GQ,Zhang SM,Xu W.The notes of the fruit flies in south parts of China and two newly recorded species[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitis Jiangxiensis,1989,11(3):14-20.[梁广勤,章士美,徐伟.我国南方部分地区实蝇记述及2种中国新记录[J].江西农业大学学报,1989,11(3):14-20]
Lin MG,Wang XJ,Zeng L,et al.Survey of species,geographical distribution and damage of fruit flies(Diptera:Tephritidae:Dacinae)in Hainan,China[J].Plant Quarantine,2013,27(5):85-89.[林明光,汪兴鉴,曾玲,等.海南果蔬实蝇种类、地理分布及危害调查[J].植物检疫,2013,27(5):85-89]
Lin MY,Chen KS,Liu YC.The host plants of Bactrocera tau in Taiwan[J].Research Bulletin Tainan District Agricultural Improvement Station,2005,45:39-52.[林明莹,陈升宽,刘玉章.南瓜实蝇寄主植物之探讨[J].台南区农业改良场研究报告,2005,45:39-52]
Liu MJ,Cheng LL,Zhang XJ,et al.Daily activity and spatial distribution pattern of Bactrocera(Tetradacus)tsuneonis in orange orchard of Yongshan,Yunnan[J].Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi,2013,25(6):87-90.[刘美见,程立龙,张晓娟,等.云南永善橘园中蜜柑大实蝇的日活动规律及空间分布型[J].江西农业学报,2013,25(6):87-90]
Ma X,Li Z,Hu X,et al.The assessment of the economic losses caused by Bactrocera dorsalis,B.cucurbitae and B.tau to Guangdong Province[J].Plant Quarantine,2013,27(3):50-56.[马兴莉,李志红,胡学难,等.橘小实蝇、瓜实蝇和南亚果实蝇对广东省造成的经济损失评估[J].植物检疫,2013,27(3):50-56]
Mcquate GT,Vargas RI.Assessment of attractiveness of plants as roosting sites for the melon fly,Bactrocera cucurbitae,and oriental fruit fly,Bactrocera dorsalis[J].Journal of Insect Science,2007,7(1):1-13.
Ohno S,Haraguchi D,Kohama T.New host and distribution records of the fruit fly,Bactrocera scutellata(Hendel)(Diptera:Tephritidae),in Southwestern Japan,and a case of infestation of the species on cucumber fruits at Okinawa Island[J].Japanese Journal of Entomology,2006,9(1):7-9.
Plant Protection ResearchLab of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Pingxiang Animal and Plant Health Inspection Institute.Studies on the pest fruit fly Tetradacus tsuneonis(Miyake)in Guangxi Province,China[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,1976,3:49-56.[广西区农科院植保研究室,凭祥动植物检疫所.桔实蝇在广西的发现与研究[J].南方农业学报,1976,3:49-56]
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