添加剂对铝矾土陶瓷砂的表面形貌和破碎率的影响
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摘要
以铝矾土为原料,MgO和钙长石为添加剂,通过造粒、烧结制备铝矾土陶瓷砂,对比添加0、1%、2%和3%MgO和2%MgO+6%钙长石复合添加剂的铝矾土陶瓷砂,研究了不同MgO添加量和MgO+钙长石复合添加剂对铝矾土陶瓷砂的表面形貌和破碎率的影响。研究发现,MgO的加入能细化莫来石晶粒尺寸,MgO在1 200℃以上会与铝矾土生成镁铝尖晶石和堇青石,这种分布在晶界周围的固体颗粒存在"钉扎"莫来石晶界的作用,从而抑制莫来石晶粒的长大;但MgO的加入并不能明显增加玻璃相,而钙长石的加入可显著增加玻璃相,一方面促进了烧结反应的进行,另一方面填补了陶瓷砂表面的孔隙。试验结果表明,在1 350℃下保温2 h烧结条件下,添加2%MgO+6%钙长石的陶瓷砂表面孔隙基本消除,同时其破碎率仅为0.92%。
In the present study, bauxite ceramic sand was prepared by granulation and sintering using bauxite as raw material, MgO and anorthite as additives, and 0, 1%, 2% and 3% MgO and 2%MgO+6% anorthite were added into the sand, respectively, to study the effects of single MgO addition and MgO + anorthite complex addition on the surface morphology and fracture rate of bauxite ceramic sand. The results showed that the addition of MgO could refine the grain size of mullite; MgO and bauxite would form magnesium aluminate spinel and cordierite above 1 200 ℃, and this kind of solid particles distributed around the grain boundary of mullite played a "pinning" role, thereby, inhibiting the growth of mullite grains; however, the addition of single MgO did not increase significantly the glass phase, while the addition of anorthite increased dramatically the glass phase. On the one hand, the glass phase promoted the sintering reaction; on the other hand, the pores on the surface of the ceramic sands were filled by the glass phase. Consequently, the surface holes of the ceramic sands were mostly eliminated with 2%MgO+6% anorthite complex addition under the sintering condition of 1 350 ℃ for 2 h, with the breaking rate of merely 0.92%.
In the present study, bauxite ceramic sand was prepared by granulation and sintering using bauxite as raw material, MgO and anorthite as additives, and 0, 1%, 2% and 3% MgO and 2%MgO+6% anorthite were added into the sand, respectively, to study the effects of single MgO addition and MgO + anorthite complex addition on the surface morphology and fracture rate of bauxite ceramic sand. The results showed that the addition of MgO could refine the grain size of mullite; MgO and bauxite would form magnesium aluminate spinel and cordierite above 1 200 ℃, and this kind of solid particles distributed around the grain boundary of mullite played a "pinning" role, thereby, inhibiting the growth of mullite grains; however, the addition of single MgO did not increase significantly the glass phase, while the addition of anorthite increased dramatically the glass phase. On the one hand, the glass phase promoted the sintering reaction; on the other hand, the pores on the surface of the ceramic sands were filled by the glass phase. Consequently, the surface holes of the ceramic sands were mostly eliminated with 2%MgO+6% anorthite complex addition under the sintering condition of 1 350 ℃ for 2 h, with the breaking rate of merely 0.92%.
引文
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[3]李传栻.硅砂替代材料的应用与发展(下)[J].金属加工:热加工,2011(21):60-64.
[4]刘蕾.宝珠砂在熔模铸造面层材料中的应用研究[D].沈阳:沈阳大学,2015.
[5]李培基.国内外粉煤灰陶粒生产现况综述[J].建筑节能,1986(6):5-9.
[6]刘爱平,田玉明,赵鹏飞,等.陶粒压裂支撑剂发展现状及未来展望[J].中国陶瓷,2015(6):1-5.
[7]冯伟乐,田玉明,白频波,等.利用焦宝石和钾长石制备低密高强陶粒支撑剂的研究[J].人工晶体学报,2016,45(1):128-132.
[8]刘运连.高铁铝土矿制备高强度石油压裂支撑剂的研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2015.
[9]周毅,田玉明,柴跃生,等.镁铝尖晶石质球形陶瓷铸造砂的制备与性能研究[J].铸造设备与工艺,2015(4):19-21.
[10]秦麟卿,吴伯麟,谢济仁,等.透辉石助烧剂对氧化铝瓷球显微结构和耐磨性的影响[J].硅酸盐学报,2001,29(3):267-270.
[11]王欣,王佩玲,程一兵.TiO2和MgO微量添加剂对Al2O3陶瓷烧结致密化的影响[J].无机材料学报,2001,16(5):979-984.
[12]马海强,田玉明,力国民,等.钙长石对刚玉-莫来石质陶粒支撑剂结构及性能的影响[J].人工晶体学报,2017,46(5):832-836.
[13]胡子敏,白洪明.原砂基本物理参数测试[J].铸造,1986(2):29-35.
[14]蔡舒,孟佳宏.柱状自生长莫来石的制备及显微结构[J].硅酸盐学报,1998,26(2):198-205.
[15]Deer W,Howie R A,Zussman J.Rock-forming minerals:Vol I A[M].2nd Edition.UK:Geological Society Publishing House,1997:742.
[16]Somiya S,Hirata Y.Mullite powder technology and applications in Japan[J].Am.Soc.Ceram.Bull.,1991,70(10):1624.
[17]Hou Z,Cui B,Liu L,et al.Effect of the different additives on the fabrication of porous kaolin-based mulliteceramics[J].Ceramics International,2016,42(15):17254-17258.
[18]李金洪.高铝粉煤灰制备莫来石陶瓷的性能及烧结反应机理[D].北京:中国地质大学,2007.