混合现实技术及其教育应用现状与展望
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摘要
混合现实对虚拟现实和增强现实进行了创新融合发展,实现了同一场景内虚拟物体和真实物体实时共存与交互。与虚拟现实和增强现实相比,混合现实在沉浸感、交互性和视觉显示等方面得到显著改善,可在学习过程中为学习者带来全新的视觉感受和交互体验。目前,混合现实在正式教育与非正式教育领域中均得到初步应用,教育工作者和科研人员结合混合现实开展了较为广泛的探索和研究,尤其在具体学科教学、创设在线虚拟课堂以及医疗、建筑、航空航天等领域的技能培训中取得了良好效果。未来,混合现实将为智慧资源建设、教育游戏、创客教育及在线学习等方面提供强有力的技术支持,但在推广过程中也将面临高成本、资源少与缺乏关键教学方法指导等挑战。
The Mixed Reality innovatively integrates virtual reality and augmented reality to realize real-time coexistence and interaction between virtual objects and real objects in the same scene. Compared with Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality,the Mixed Reality is significantly improved in terms of immersion,interactivity and visual display,which can also bring a new visual and interactive experience to learners in the learning process. At present,the application of the Mixed Reality covers formal education and informal education. Educators and researchers have carried out extensive exploration and research in combination with Mixed Reality,and good teaching effect has been obtained especially in the subject teaching,online virtual classrooms creating,and skill training in medical,architecture,aerospace and other fields. In the future,the Mixed Reality will provide powerful technical support for the construction of smart resources,education games,maker education and online learning. However,it will also face challenges such as high cost,less resource and lack of teaching method in the process of popularization and application.
The Mixed Reality innovatively integrates virtual reality and augmented reality to realize real-time coexistence and interaction between virtual objects and real objects in the same scene. Compared with Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality,the Mixed Reality is significantly improved in terms of immersion,interactivity and visual display,which can also bring a new visual and interactive experience to learners in the learning process. At present,the application of the Mixed Reality covers formal education and informal education. Educators and researchers have carried out extensive exploration and research in combination with Mixed Reality,and good teaching effect has been obtained especially in the subject teaching,online virtual classrooms creating,and skill training in medical,architecture,aerospace and other fields. In the future,the Mixed Reality will provide powerful technical support for the construction of smart resources,education games,maker education and online learning. However,it will also face challenges such as high cost,less resource and lack of teaching method in the process of popularization and application.
引文
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[25]王辞晓,李贺,尚俊杰.基于虚拟现实和增强现实的教育游戏应用及发展前景[J].中国电化教育,2017,(08):99-107.
[26]黄荣怀,杨俊锋,胡永斌.从数字学习环境到智慧学习环境——学习环境的变革与趋势[J].开放教育研究,2012,18(01):75-84.
[27]Yusoff R,Zaman H,Ahamd A. Evaluation of user acceptance of mixed reality technology[J]. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology,2011,27(8):1369-1387.
[28]徐振国,张冠文,石林,等. MOOC学习者辍学行为的影响因素研究[J].现代教育技术,2017,27(09):100-106.
[29]王珏,刘世清.大学生多媒体阅读的眼动特征与界面设计研究[J].现代远距离教育,2018(05):90-96.
[2]陈宝权,秦学英.混合现实中的虚实融合与人机智能交融[J].中国科学:信息科学,2016,46(12):1737-1747.
[3]Milgram P,Kishino F. A taxonomy of mixed reality visual display[J]. IECE Transactions on Information and Systems. 1994,77(12):1321-1329.
[4]Young J,Sharlin E,Igarashi T. What is mixed reality,anyway? Considering the boundaries of mixed reality in the context of robots[M]. Mixed Reality and Human-Robot Interaction. Springer,Dordrecht,2011:1-11.
[5]Tamura H,Yamamoto H,Katayama A. Mixed reality:future dreams seen at the border between real and virtual worlds[J]. Computer Graphics&Applications IEEE. 2001,21(6):64-70.
[6]赵沁平.虚拟现实综述[J].中国科学:信息科学,2009,39(01):2-46.
[7]Wu H K,Lee S,Chang H Y,et al. Current status,opportunities and challenges of augmented reality in education[J]. Computers&Education,2013,62(2):41-49.
[8]Selonen P,Belimpasakis P,You Y,et al. Mixed reality web service platform[J]. Multimedia Systems,2012,18(3):215-230.
[9]丁楠,汪亚珉.虚拟现实在教育中的应用:优势与挑战[J].现代教育技术,2017,27(02):19-25.
[10]Handosa M,Schulze H,Graˇcanin D,et al. Extending embodied interactions in mixed reality environments[C]. International Conference on Virtual,Augmented and Mixed Reality. Springer,Cham,2018:314-327.
[11]Borsci S,Lawson G,Broome S. Empirical evidence,evaluation criteria and challenges for the effectiveness of virtual and mixed reality tools for training operators of car service maintenance[J]. Computers In Industry,2015,67:17-26.
[12]Blanca Ibanez M,Delgado Kloos C,Leony D,et al. Learning a foreign language in a mixed-reality environment[J]. IEEE Internet Computing,2011,15(6):44-47.
[13]Callaghan V,Gardner M,Horan B,et al. A mixed reality teaching and learning environment[M]. International Conference on Hybrid Learning and Education. Springer,Berlin,Heidelberg,2008:54-65.
[14]Kobayashi L,Zhang X C,Collins S A,et al. Exploratory application of augmented reality/mixed reality devices for acute care procedure training.[J]. The western journal of emergency medicine,2018,19(1):158-164.
[15]Chuah J H,Lok B,Black E. Applying mixed reality to simulate vulnerable populations for practicing clinical communication skills[J]. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics,2013,19(4):539-546.
[16]Kobayashi L,Zhang X C,Collins S A,et al. Exploratory application of augmented reality/mixed reality devices for acute care procedure training.[J]. The western journal of emergency medicine,2018,19(1):158-164.
[17]BoschéF,Abdel-Wahab M,Carozza L. Towards a mixed reality system for construction trade training[J]. Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering,2015,30(2):04015016.
[18]Chalhoub J,Ayer S K. Using Mixed Reality for electrical construction design communication[J]. Automation in Construction,2018,86:1-10.
[19]陈玉文.增强现实技术及其在军事装备和模拟训练中的应用研究[J].系统仿真学报,2013,25(S1):258-262.
[20]Flight Simulation. Flight Safety Mixed Reality Flight[EB/OL].[2019-3-20]. https://resources. flightsafety. com/flight-simulation/mixed-reality-flight/.
[21]Hughes C E,Stapleton C B,Hughes D E,et al. Mixed reality in education,entertainment,and training[J]. IEEE computer graphics and applications,2005,25(6):24-30.
[22]郑旭东,杨现民,岳婷燕.智慧环境下的学习资源建设研究[J].现代教育技术,2015,25(04):27-32.
[23]凡妙然.国内教育游戏研究现状的可视化分析:热点与趋势[J].现代远距离教育,2018(02):27-34.
[24]王庆,钮沭联,陈洪,等.国内教育游戏研究发展综述[J].电化教育研究,2012,33(01):81-84.
[25]王辞晓,李贺,尚俊杰.基于虚拟现实和增强现实的教育游戏应用及发展前景[J].中国电化教育,2017,(08):99-107.
[26]黄荣怀,杨俊锋,胡永斌.从数字学习环境到智慧学习环境——学习环境的变革与趋势[J].开放教育研究,2012,18(01):75-84.
[27]Yusoff R,Zaman H,Ahamd A. Evaluation of user acceptance of mixed reality technology[J]. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology,2011,27(8):1369-1387.
[28]徐振国,张冠文,石林,等. MOOC学习者辍学行为的影响因素研究[J].现代教育技术,2017,27(09):100-106.
[29]王珏,刘世清.大学生多媒体阅读的眼动特征与界面设计研究[J].现代远距离教育,2018(05):90-96.