四川盆地乐地1井须家河组泥页岩段孔隙结构及分形特征差异性对比
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摘要
研究四川盆地上三叠统须家河组不同层段黑色泥(页)岩的孔隙结构和孔隙分形差异性特征及其控制因素。对乐地1井须家河组全取心段泥页岩地层进行系统采样,进行总有机碳含量、有机质成熟度、X射线全岩和黏土矿物含量、场发射扫描电镜/能谱分析、等温氮气吸附等测试,并采用基于FHH模型的分形维数计算模型,得到不同层位和不同孔径范围的页岩孔隙双重分形维数。结果表明:随着埋深增加,不同沉积环境下的页岩样品孔隙结构参数发生显著变化,表现为页岩孔隙BET比表面积逐渐增大、BJH平均孔径逐渐减小和BJH总孔体积不断增大的特征,且须一段泥页岩孔隙的比表面积和总孔体积比上覆的2个层位发生数量级的倍增。须家河组各层位黑色泥页岩均具有双重分形特征,存在明显的孔径分界点,且各段都具有大孔隙分形维数均值D_1均大于相应层位小孔隙分形维数均值D_2的特征,表明大孔隙比小孔隙的结构更复杂,体现了层内不同孔径范围孔隙复杂程度的差异性;而页岩随TOC含量和Ro的增大,须一段D_1、D_2值均比上覆页岩层位大,体现了层间差异性。孔隙结构参数、TOC含量和Ro是影响页岩孔隙复杂程度的主要控制因素。具备高D_2值(吸附能力)和低D_1值(渗流能力)的页岩储层最优。
Samples of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation black shale from Well LD-1 are systematic collected in order to study its pore structure,pore fractal characteristics and controlling factors.These samples are analyzed by means of total organic carbon content,organic matter maturity,X-ray whole rock and clay minerals content,FE-SEM/energy spectrum,isothermal nitrogen adsorption and so on.Fractal dimension calculation method based on FHH model is used to obtain the double fractal dimension of shale pore for different diameter and different range.It shows that with the increase of buried depth,significant changes occur in pore structure parameters for varying sedimentary environment,characteristic of gradual increase of BET specific surface area for shale pore,gradual decrease of BJH average pore size and increase of BJH total pore volume.The shale pore specific surface area and total pore volume of the 1 st Member of Xujiahe Formation redouble in comparison with the overlying two shale layers.Black shale of Xujiahe Formation has double fractal characters and obvious cut-off aperture,and the large average pore fractal dimension D_1 is larger than small pore fractal dimension D_2 in corresponding horizons for all members of the Xujiahe Formation,indicating that the texture of large pore is more complicated than that of the small pore.However,with the increase of buried depth,the extent of TOC and Ro,the D_1,D_2 of the Member 1 of Xujiahe Formation are larger than the overlying rock layers.Therefore,pore structure parameters,extent of TOC and Roare the main controlling factor affecting the shale pore complexity.Shale with high D_2 value(adsorption)and low D_1 value(seepage ability)forms favorable shale reservoir.
Samples of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation black shale from Well LD-1 are systematic collected in order to study its pore structure,pore fractal characteristics and controlling factors.These samples are analyzed by means of total organic carbon content,organic matter maturity,X-ray whole rock and clay minerals content,FE-SEM/energy spectrum,isothermal nitrogen adsorption and so on.Fractal dimension calculation method based on FHH model is used to obtain the double fractal dimension of shale pore for different diameter and different range.It shows that with the increase of buried depth,significant changes occur in pore structure parameters for varying sedimentary environment,characteristic of gradual increase of BET specific surface area for shale pore,gradual decrease of BJH average pore size and increase of BJH total pore volume.The shale pore specific surface area and total pore volume of the 1 st Member of Xujiahe Formation redouble in comparison with the overlying two shale layers.Black shale of Xujiahe Formation has double fractal characters and obvious cut-off aperture,and the large average pore fractal dimension D_1 is larger than small pore fractal dimension D_2 in corresponding horizons for all members of the Xujiahe Formation,indicating that the texture of large pore is more complicated than that of the small pore.However,with the increase of buried depth,the extent of TOC and Ro,the D_1,D_2 of the Member 1 of Xujiahe Formation are larger than the overlying rock layers.Therefore,pore structure parameters,extent of TOC and Roare the main controlling factor affecting the shale pore complexity.Shale with high D_2 value(adsorption)and low D_1 value(seepage ability)forms favorable shale reservoir.
引文
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[2]陈尚斌,朱炎铭,王红岩,等.中国页岩气研究现状与发展趋势[J].石油学报,2010,31(4):689-694.Chen S B,Zhu Y M,Wang H Y,et al.Research status and trends of shale gas in China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(4):689-694.(in Chinese)
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[6]马文辛,刘树根,黄文明,等.鄂西渝东志留系储层特征及非常规气勘探前景[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012,34(6):27-37.Ma W X,Liu S G,Huang W M,et al.Reservoir rocks characters of Silurian and its unconventional gas prospection in western Hubei-eastern Chongqing[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2012,34(6):27-37.(in Chinese)
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[8]郑荣才,戴朝成,罗清林,等.四川类前陆盆地上三叠统须家河组沉积体系[J].天然气工业,2011,31(9):16-24.Zheng R C,Dai Z C,Luo Q L,et al.Sedimentary system of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Sichuan para-foreland basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(9):16-24.(in Chinese)
[9]蒋裕强,陶艳忠,沈妍斐,等.对大川中地区上三叠统须家河组二、四、六段砂岩沉积相的再认识[J].天然气工业,2011,31(9):39-50.Jiang Y Q,Tao Y Z,Shen Y F,et al.A new understanding of sedimentary facies of sandstones in the2nd,4th,and 6nd members of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the large-scale Middle Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(9):39-50.(in Chinese)
[10]赵霞飞,吕宗刚,张闻林,等.四川盆地安岳地区须家河组——近海潮汐沉积[J].天然气工业,2008,28(4):14-18.Zhao X F,LüZ G,Zhang W L,et al.Paralic tidal deposits in the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Anyue area,the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2008,28(4):14-18.(in Chinese)
[11]施振生,谢武仁,马石玉,等.四川盆地上三叠统须家河组四段—六段海侵沉积记录[J].古地理学报,2012,14(5):583-595.Shi Z S,Xie W R,Ma S Y,et al.Transgression sedimentary records of the Members 4-6of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2012,14(5):583-595.(in Chinese)
[12]邹才能,董大忠,王社教,等.中国页岩气形成机理、地质特征及资源潜力[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(6):641-653.Zou C N,Dong D Z,Wang S J,et al.Geological characteristics,formation mechanism and resource potential of shale gas in China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2010,37(6):641-653.(in Chinese)
[13]王玉满,董大忠,杨桦,等.川南下志留统龙马溪组页岩储集空间定量表征[J].中国科学:地球科学,2014,44(6):1348-1356.Wang Y M,Dong D Z,Yang H,et al.Quantitative characterization of reservoir space in the Lower Silurian Longmaxi shale,southern Sichuan[J].Scientia Sinica(Terrae),2014,44(6):1348-1356.(in Chinese)
[14]朱如凯,白斌,崔景伟,等.非常规油气致密储集层微观结构研究进展[J].古地理学报,2013,15(5):615Zhu R K,Bai B,Cui J W,et al.Research advances of microstructure in unconventional tight oil and gas reservoirs[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2013,15(5):615-623.(in Chinese)
[15]何建华,丁文龙,付景龙,等.页岩微观孔隙成因类型研究[J].岩性油气藏,2014,26(5):30-35.He J H,Ding W L,Fu J L,et al.Study on genetic type of micropore in shale reservoir[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2014,26(5):30-35.(in Chinese)
[16]Mandelbrot B B.The Fractal Geometry of Nature[M].New York:W H Freeman&Co.,1982.
[17]Pfeifer P P,Avnird D.Chemistry in nonintegral dimensions between two and three[J].The Journal of Chemical Physics,1983,79(7):3369-3558.
[18]宋晓夏,唐跃刚,李伟,等.中梁山南矿构造煤吸附孔分形特征[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(1):134-139.Song X X,Tang Y G,Li W,et al.Fractal characteristics of adsorption pores of tectonic coal from Zhongliangshan southern coalmine[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(1):134-139.(in Chinese)
[19]陈亮,谭凯旋,刘江,等.新疆某砂岩铀矿含矿层孔隙结构的分形特征[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2012,51(6):139-144.Chen L,Tan K X,Liu J,et al.Pore structure fractal features of the ore-bearing layer from a sandstone-type uranium deposit,Xinjiang[J].Acta ScientiarumNaturaliumUniversitatisSunyatseni,2012,51(6):139-144.(in Chinese)
[20]杨峰,宁正福,王庆,等.页岩纳米孔隙分形特征[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(4):618-623.Yang F,Ning Z F,Wang Q,et al.Fractal characteristics of nanopore in shales[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(4):618-623.(in Chinese)
[21]梁利喜,熊健,刘向君.川南地区龙马溪组页岩孔隙结构的分形特征[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2015,42(6):700-708.Liang L X,Xiong J,Liu X J.Fractal characteristics of pore structure of Longmaxi Formation shale in south of Sichuan Basin,China[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2015,42(6):700-708.(in Chinese)
[22]黄金亮,董大忠,李建忠,等.陆相页岩储层孔隙分形特征——以四川盆地三叠系须家河组为例[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(9):1611-1618.Huang J L,Dong D Z,Li J Z,et al.Reservoir fractal characteristics of continental shale:An example from Triassic Xujiahe Formation shale,Sichuan Basin,China[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(9):1611-1618.(in Chinese)
[23]汪凌霞,罗沙,王冉,等.黔北地区海陆交互相龙潭组泥页岩孔隙分形特征[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(29):187-192.Wang L X,Luo S,Wang R,et al.Fractal characteristics of shale pore from the marine-terrigenous facies Longtan Formation in Northern Guizhou[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2017,17(29):187-192.(in Chinese)
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