高速转子连接结构刚度损失及振动特性
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摘要
高负荷航空发动机转子的转速和支点跨度不断加大,使得转子弯曲刚度下降,并在工作中具有一定弯曲变形。转子弯曲变形时,连接界面会存在刚度损失,需考虑转子弯曲变形对连接界面刚度特性及转子系统振动特性的影响。提出了定量描述连接界面刚度损失的力学模型,并针对非连续转子系统的动力学设计,提出了基于应变能分布优化的连接结构刚度损失抑制方法。数值仿真结果表明:转子弯曲变形下,连接界面刚度损失显著,会使转子弯曲临界转速大幅降低;通过转子应变能分布优化设计可有效降低连接界面刚度损失对转子系统振动特性的影响,对转子系统振动特性优化设计具有重要的指导意义。
To achieve high loading and light weight,the speed and the support span of aero-engine rotor continue to increase,which leads to the degradation of rotor bending stiffness and the bending deformation of the rotor. There will be bending stiffness loss at interfaces when the rotor has bending deformation. It is necessary to consider the effect of rotor bending deformation on joint interface stiffness characteristics and rotor system's vibration characteristics. A mechanical model for quantitatively describing the stiffness loss mechanism at the interface was proposed. For the dynamic design of discontinuous rotor system,the method for reduction of stiffness loss based on the strain energy distribution optimization was proposed. The numerical simulation results show that for large-span discontinuous rotor system,the stiffness loss is significant with bending deformation,which will greatly reduce the critical speed of the rotor. The sensitivity of rotor vibration characteristics to the stiffness loss can be controlled by optimizing the strain energy distribution of rotor. This method has important guiding significance for the optimal design of rotor vibration characteristics.
To achieve high loading and light weight,the speed and the support span of aero-engine rotor continue to increase,which leads to the degradation of rotor bending stiffness and the bending deformation of the rotor. There will be bending stiffness loss at interfaces when the rotor has bending deformation. It is necessary to consider the effect of rotor bending deformation on joint interface stiffness characteristics and rotor system's vibration characteristics. A mechanical model for quantitatively describing the stiffness loss mechanism at the interface was proposed. For the dynamic design of discontinuous rotor system,the method for reduction of stiffness loss based on the strain energy distribution optimization was proposed. The numerical simulation results show that for large-span discontinuous rotor system,the stiffness loss is significant with bending deformation,which will greatly reduce the critical speed of the rotor. The sensitivity of rotor vibration characteristics to the stiffness loss can be controlled by optimizing the strain energy distribution of rotor. This method has important guiding significance for the optimal design of rotor vibration characteristics.
引文
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[16]史亚杰,王孝利,洪杰,等.柔性转子动力特性研究[J].航空发动机,2005,31(1):14-17.SHI Y J,WANG X L,HONG J,et al.Investigation of dynamic characteristics of flexible rotor system[J].Aeroengine,2005,31(1):14-17(in Chinese).
[2]IBRAHIM R A,PETTIT C L.Uncertainties and dynamic problems of bolted joints and other fasteners[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2005,279(3):857-936.
[3]陈萌,马艳红,刘书国,等.航空发动机整机有限元模型转子动力学分析[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2007,33(9):1013-1016.CHEN M,MA Y H,LIU S G,et al.Rotordynamic analysis of whole aero-engine models based on finite element method[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2007,33(9):1013-1016(in Chinese).
[4]谢强.转子活塞发动机动力学特性研究与分析[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学,2013:36-38.XIE Q.The dynamic characteristics research and analysis of the rotor engine[D].Changsha:National University of Defense Technology,2013:36-38(in Chinese).
[5]HARTWIGSEN C J,SONG Y,MCFARLAND D M,et al.Experimental study of non-linear effects in a typical shear lap joint configuration[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2004,277(1-2):327-351.
[6]SONG Y,HARTWIGSEN C J,MCFARLAND D M,et al.Simulation of dynamics of beam structures with bolted joints using adjusted Iwan beam elements[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2004,273(1-2):249-276.
[7]LINK M,BOESWALD M,LABORDE S,et al.An approach to non-linear experimental modal analysis[C]∥Proceedings of the IMAC-XXVII,2011:119-128.
[8]LUAN Y,GUAN Z Q,CHENG G D,et al.A simplified nonlinear dynamic model for the analysis of pipe structures with bolted flange joints[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2013,331(2):325-344.
[9]GAO J,YUAN Q,LI P,et al.Effects of bending moments and pretightening forces on the flexural stiffness of contact interfaces in rod-fastened rotors[J].Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo,2012,134(10):1492-1494.
[10]IRANZAD M,AHMADIAN H.Identification of nonlinear bolted lap joint models[J].Computers&Structures,2012,96-97(4):1-8.
[11]姚星宇,王建军,翟学.航空发动机螺栓连接薄层单元建模方法[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2015,41(12):2269-2279.YAO X Y,WANG J J,ZHAI X.Modeling method of bolted joints of aero engine based on thin-layer element[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2015,41(12):2269-2279(in Chinese).
[12]姚星宇,王建军.航空发动机螺栓连接载荷与结构参数对连接刚度影响规律[J].推进技术,2017,38(2):424-433.YAO X Y,WANG J J.Effects of load and structure parameters of aero engine bolted joints on joint stiffness[J].Journal of Propulsion Technology,2017,38(2):424-433(in Chinese).
[13]CADDEMI S,CALIO I,CANNIZZARO F.Closed-form solutions for stepped Timoshenko beams with internal singularities and along-axis external supports[J].Archive of Applied Mechanics,2013,83(4):559-577.
[14]卢明剑,孙岩桦,周健,等.拉杆组合转子的刚度修正及动力学建模[J].航空动力学报,2016,31(9):2203-2209.LU M J,SUN Y H,ZHOU J,et al.Stiffness modification and dynamic modeling of a rod fastening rotor[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2016,31(9):2203-2209(in Chinese).
[15]凤朝军.新式支承布局反向旋转双转子系统动力特性研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2016:15-20.FENG C J.The research of the dynamic characteristics of the new bearing layout counter-rotating dual-rotor system[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2016:15-20(in Chinese).
[16]史亚杰,王孝利,洪杰,等.柔性转子动力特性研究[J].航空发动机,2005,31(1):14-17.SHI Y J,WANG X L,HONG J,et al.Investigation of dynamic characteristics of flexible rotor system[J].Aeroengine,2005,31(1):14-17(in Chinese).