基于信息间隙决策理论的多种零售合同模式下售电公司购售电策略
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摘要
竞争性的售电市场环境中,为用户提供灵活多样的零售业务是提升售电公司客户端竞争力的关键。根据售电公司与用户对于利润和风险的不同偏好,提出直接分成与保底封顶的零售合同模式。计入各种零售合同模式中不同价格机制对用户用电行为的激励,建立与零售合同相匹配的需求响应模型。考虑市场出清电价的不确定性对于售电公司决策的影响,并计及可中断负荷,建立了基于信息间隙决策理论的售电公司在多种零售合同模式下的购售电决策模型,该模型给出的购售电策略能保证售电公司收益不低于某一预设的最低可接受值。最后通过算例仿真构建了适应不同负荷特性的工商业用户零售合同最优费率制定方案,以及该方案下售电公司从双边合同与现货市场的购电分配方案,可为售电公司购售电决策提供参考。
In competitive power sale market environment, providing customers with flexible and diverse retail business schemes is the key point to improve competitiveness of power retailer. According to different preferences of power retailer and users for profit and risk, a sharing ratio contract and a back cover contract are proposed. Demand response models matching with retail contract modes are established, considering the motivation for users' electricity consumption of different price mechanism in retail contracts. Considering the impact of uncertainty of market clearing price on decision of power retailer and interruptible load, an electricity procurement and sale strategies model of power retailer with various retail contract modes based on IGDT is established, which can ensure the profit of power retailer not lower than a preset minimum acceptable value. Finally, an optimal retail contract rate making scheme of industrial and commercial users with different load characteristics is constructed through case study simulation. Power distribution schemes of bilateral contracts and spot market are analyzed, providing reference for decision-making of power retailer.
In competitive power sale market environment, providing customers with flexible and diverse retail business schemes is the key point to improve competitiveness of power retailer. According to different preferences of power retailer and users for profit and risk, a sharing ratio contract and a back cover contract are proposed. Demand response models matching with retail contract modes are established, considering the motivation for users' electricity consumption of different price mechanism in retail contracts. Considering the impact of uncertainty of market clearing price on decision of power retailer and interruptible load, an electricity procurement and sale strategies model of power retailer with various retail contract modes based on IGDT is established, which can ensure the profit of power retailer not lower than a preset minimum acceptable value. Finally, an optimal retail contract rate making scheme of industrial and commercial users with different load characteristics is constructed through case study simulation. Power distribution schemes of bilateral contracts and spot market are analyzed, providing reference for decision-making of power retailer.
引文
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[15]马欢,刘玉田.基于IGDT鲁棒模型的风电爬坡事件协调调度决策[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(17):4580-4590.Ma Huan,Liu Tianyu.IGDT robust model-based coordinated scheduling strategy for wind power ramp events[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(17):4580-4590(in Chinese).
[16]喻小宝,谭忠富,马佳乐.计及需求响应的售电公司正偏差电量考核优化模型[J].电力系统自动化,2018,40(5):1529-1538.Yu Xiaobao,Tan Zhongfu,Ma Jiale.Optimal model for positive deviation penalty of power retailers considering demand response[J].Automation of Electric Power System,2018,40(5):1529-1538(in Chinese).
[17]艾欣,周树鹏,赵阅群.考虑风电不确定性的用户侧分时电价研究[J].电网技术,2016,40(5):1529-1535.Ai Xin,Zhou Shupeng,Zhao Yuequn.Study on time of use pricing of user side considering wind power uncertainty[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(5):1529-1535(in Chinese).
[18]陈秀兰,温步瀛,江岳文.计及峰谷电价的售电公司组合购电优化研究[J].电器与能效管理技术,2018,14(9):20-27.Chen Xiulan,Wen Buying,Jiang Yuewen.A study on optimization of portfolio purchase for electricity retailers considering peak-valley price[J].Dianqi Yu Nengxiao Guanli Jishu,2018,14(9):20-27(in Chinese).
[19]常向伟,张有兵,曹一家,等.市场环境下分时电价对系统最优负荷备用容量的影响[J].电网技术,2011,35(11):206-211.Chang Xiangwei,Zhang Youbing,Cao Yijia,et al.Influence of time-of-use strategy on optimal load reserve capacity in market environment[J].Power System Technology,2011,35(11):206-211(in Chinese).
[20]鞠立伟,于超,谭忠富.计及需求响应的风电储能两阶段调度优化模型及求解算法[J].电网技术,2015,39(5):1287-1293.Ju Liwei,Yu Chao,Tan Zhongfu.A two-stage scheduling optimization model and corresponding solving algorithm for power grid containing wind farm and energy storage system considering demand response[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(5):1287-1293(in Chinese).
[21]祝锦舟,张焰,王赛一,等.电力市场环境下电网最大输电能力概率优化决策[J].电网技术,2017,41(7):2282-2294.Zhu Jinzhou,Zhang Yan,Wang Saiyi,et al.Probabilistic optimal decision-making for total transfer capability under electricity market[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(7):2282-2294(in Chinese).
[22]艾欣,周树鹏,赵阅群.含虚拟发电厂的电力系统优化运行与竞价策略研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(23):6351-6362.Ai Xin,Zhou Shupeng,Zhao Yuequn.Research on optimal operation and bidding strategy of power system with virtual power plants[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(23):6351-6362(in Chinese).
[23]顾伟,陆帅,王珺,等.多区域综合能源系统热网建模及系统运行优化[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(5):1305-1315.Gu Wei,Lu Shuai,Wang Jun,et al.Modeling of the heating network for multi-district integrated energy system and its operation optimization[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(5):1305-1315(in Chinese).
[24]孙力勇,张焰,蒋传文.基于SP/A决策思想的发电公司报价决策模型及求解方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(31):68-73.Sun Liyong,Zhang Yan,Jiang Chuanwen.A decision-making model and its solution of GENCO’s bidding strategy based on SP/Atheory[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,28(31):68-73(in Chinese).
[2]胡晨,杜松怀,苏娟,等.新电改背景下我国售电公司的购售电途径与经营模式探讨[J].电网技术,2016,40(11):3293-3299.Hu Chen,Du Songhuai,Su Juan,et al.Preliminary research of trading approach and management modes of Chinese electricity retail companies under new electricity market reform[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(11):3293-3299(in Chinese).
[3]顾健.电力市场化交易下独立售电公司盈利模式探讨[J].浙江电力,2017,36(6):30-33.Gu Jian.Discussion on profit models of independent electricity sales company in electric power market trading[J].Zhejiang Electric Power,2017,36(6):30-33(in Chinese).
[4]Josue C do P,Wei Q.A stochastic decision-making model for an electricity retailer with intermittent renewable energy and short-term demand response[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2017,25(1):1-12.
[5]Meng S,Mikael A.Purchase bidding strategy for a retailer with flexible demands in day-ahead electricity market[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2017,32(3):1839-1850.
[6]Janne K,Ahti S,Derek W B.Optimization of electricity retailer’s contract portfolio subject to risk preferences[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2010,25(1):117-128.
[7]杨甲甲,赵俊华,文福拴,等.电力零售核心业务架构与购售电决策[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(23):53-60.Yang Jiajia,Zhao Junhua,Wen Fushuan,et al.Key business framework and purchase/sale decision-making for electricity retailer[J].Automation of Electric Power System,2017,41(23):53-60(in Chinese).
[8]王林炎,张粒子,张凡,等.售电公司购售电业务决策与风险评估[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(1):47-56.Wang Linyan,Zhang Lizi,Zhang Fan,et al.Decision-making and risk assessment of purchasing and selling business for electricity retailers[J].Automation of Electric Power System,2018,42(1):47-56(in Chinese).
[9]罗琴,宋依群.售电市场环境下计及可中断负荷的营销策略[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(7):134-140.Luo Qin,Song Yiqun.Marketing strategy retail market considering interruptible load[J].Automation of Electric Power System,2015,39(7):134-140(in Chinese).
[10]鞠立伟,秦超,吴鸿亮,等.计及多类型需求响应的风电消纳随机优化调度模型[J].电网技术,2015,39(7):1839-1846.Ju Liwei,Qin Chao,Wu Hongliang,et al.Wind power accommodation stochastic optimization model with multi-type demand response[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(7):1839-1846(in Chinese).
[11]李春燕,陈骁,张鹏,等.计及风电功率预测误差的需求响应多时间尺度优化调度[J].电网技术,2018,42(2):487-494.Li Chunyan,Chen Xiao,Zhang Peng,et al.Multi-time-scale demand response dispatch considering wind power forecast error[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(2):487-494(in Chinese).
[12]邹鹏,李春晖,郭静.考虑可中断负荷的配售电公司最优购售电策略[J].南方电网技术,2017,11(2):71-78.Zou Peng,Li Chunhui,Guo Jing,et al.Optimal marketing strategy of distribution and retail companies considering interruptible load[J].Southern Power System Technology,2017,11(2):71-78(in Chinese).
[13]杨萌,艾欣,唐亮,等.计及风险规避的售电公司平衡市场优化交易策略研究[J].电网技术,2016,40(11):3300-3309.Yang Meng,Ai Xin,Tang Liang,et al.Optimal trading strategy in balancing market for electricity retailer considering risk aversion[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(11):3300-3309(in Chinese).
[14]赵阳,蒋传文,赵岩.基于偏度-加权条件风险价值的售电公司动态购电策略[J].电网与清洁能源,2017,33(1):130-137.Zhao Yang,Jiang Chuanwen,Zhao Yan.Skewness-WCVaR based dynamic procurement strategy for electricity retailers[J].Power System and Clean Energy,2017,33(1):130-137(in Chinese).
[15]马欢,刘玉田.基于IGDT鲁棒模型的风电爬坡事件协调调度决策[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(17):4580-4590.Ma Huan,Liu Tianyu.IGDT robust model-based coordinated scheduling strategy for wind power ramp events[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(17):4580-4590(in Chinese).
[16]喻小宝,谭忠富,马佳乐.计及需求响应的售电公司正偏差电量考核优化模型[J].电力系统自动化,2018,40(5):1529-1538.Yu Xiaobao,Tan Zhongfu,Ma Jiale.Optimal model for positive deviation penalty of power retailers considering demand response[J].Automation of Electric Power System,2018,40(5):1529-1538(in Chinese).
[17]艾欣,周树鹏,赵阅群.考虑风电不确定性的用户侧分时电价研究[J].电网技术,2016,40(5):1529-1535.Ai Xin,Zhou Shupeng,Zhao Yuequn.Study on time of use pricing of user side considering wind power uncertainty[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(5):1529-1535(in Chinese).
[18]陈秀兰,温步瀛,江岳文.计及峰谷电价的售电公司组合购电优化研究[J].电器与能效管理技术,2018,14(9):20-27.Chen Xiulan,Wen Buying,Jiang Yuewen.A study on optimization of portfolio purchase for electricity retailers considering peak-valley price[J].Dianqi Yu Nengxiao Guanli Jishu,2018,14(9):20-27(in Chinese).
[19]常向伟,张有兵,曹一家,等.市场环境下分时电价对系统最优负荷备用容量的影响[J].电网技术,2011,35(11):206-211.Chang Xiangwei,Zhang Youbing,Cao Yijia,et al.Influence of time-of-use strategy on optimal load reserve capacity in market environment[J].Power System Technology,2011,35(11):206-211(in Chinese).
[20]鞠立伟,于超,谭忠富.计及需求响应的风电储能两阶段调度优化模型及求解算法[J].电网技术,2015,39(5):1287-1293.Ju Liwei,Yu Chao,Tan Zhongfu.A two-stage scheduling optimization model and corresponding solving algorithm for power grid containing wind farm and energy storage system considering demand response[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(5):1287-1293(in Chinese).
[21]祝锦舟,张焰,王赛一,等.电力市场环境下电网最大输电能力概率优化决策[J].电网技术,2017,41(7):2282-2294.Zhu Jinzhou,Zhang Yan,Wang Saiyi,et al.Probabilistic optimal decision-making for total transfer capability under electricity market[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(7):2282-2294(in Chinese).
[22]艾欣,周树鹏,赵阅群.含虚拟发电厂的电力系统优化运行与竞价策略研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(23):6351-6362.Ai Xin,Zhou Shupeng,Zhao Yuequn.Research on optimal operation and bidding strategy of power system with virtual power plants[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(23):6351-6362(in Chinese).
[23]顾伟,陆帅,王珺,等.多区域综合能源系统热网建模及系统运行优化[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(5):1305-1315.Gu Wei,Lu Shuai,Wang Jun,et al.Modeling of the heating network for multi-district integrated energy system and its operation optimization[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(5):1305-1315(in Chinese).
[24]孙力勇,张焰,蒋传文.基于SP/A决策思想的发电公司报价决策模型及求解方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(31):68-73.Sun Liyong,Zhang Yan,Jiang Chuanwen.A decision-making model and its solution of GENCO’s bidding strategy based on SP/Atheory[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,28(31):68-73(in Chinese).