基于~(222)Rn的马莲河下游地下水补给河水空间差异特征研究
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摘要
河水和地下水转化关系的定量评价是流域水资源量管理和合理利用的基础。在西北内陆马莲河流域下游开展氡同位素示踪,利用河水222Rn通量模型评价了地下水沿河排泄强度。结果表明:地下水222Rn活度高于河水1个数量级,潜流带水222Rn活度受河水、地下水混合作用及沉积物氡释放影响。马莲河下游均为白垩系环河组地下水排泄补给河水,累计排泄量4.5 m3/s,占河流流量的73.2%。排泄强度存在空间变异,上段及下段为地下水强排泄区,中段作用强度较低。模型不确定性主要受地下水端元、潜流带输入及气体逸散系数三个因素控制,222Rn示踪方法在地下水补给河水型地区较为适用。
Quantifying groundwater-river interactions is critical for protection and management of water resources. Radon was utilized as a tracer to determine the distribution of groundwater discharge in the lower reaches of the Malian river in northwestern China. A mass balance model for river222 Rn is established and it provides a detailed longitudinal profile of the groundwater discharge rates. The results show that groundwater222 Rn activities are almost 1 order of magnitude higher than those of river water and the222 Rn activity in the hyporheic zone water is governed by the mixing with groundwater and river water and222 Rn inputs from sediments,which indicates that the groundwater from the Cretaceous aquifer discharged to the Malian river in the whole sections of the lower reaches with a total of 4. 5 m3/s,accounting for 73. 2% of the total river flux.The discharge rates vary spatially along the river length with higher rates in the upper and lower reaches,while a weaker interaction exists in the middle sections. The groundwater discharge resulting from the model is subject to several uncertainties including variability in groundwater222 Rn activity,uncertainties of222 Rn inputs from the hyporheic zone and gas transfer coefficient. Despite the uncertainties of the model,when correctly applied,the222 Rn tracer method can provide detailed information on the spatial distribution of groundwater discharge,especially in the gaining rivers.
Quantifying groundwater-river interactions is critical for protection and management of water resources. Radon was utilized as a tracer to determine the distribution of groundwater discharge in the lower reaches of the Malian river in northwestern China. A mass balance model for river222 Rn is established and it provides a detailed longitudinal profile of the groundwater discharge rates. The results show that groundwater222 Rn activities are almost 1 order of magnitude higher than those of river water and the222 Rn activity in the hyporheic zone water is governed by the mixing with groundwater and river water and222 Rn inputs from sediments,which indicates that the groundwater from the Cretaceous aquifer discharged to the Malian river in the whole sections of the lower reaches with a total of 4. 5 m3/s,accounting for 73. 2% of the total river flux.The discharge rates vary spatially along the river length with higher rates in the upper and lower reaches,while a weaker interaction exists in the middle sections. The groundwater discharge resulting from the model is subject to several uncertainties including variability in groundwater222 Rn activity,uncertainties of222 Rn inputs from the hyporheic zone and gas transfer coefficient. Despite the uncertainties of the model,when correctly applied,the222 Rn tracer method can provide detailed information on the spatial distribution of groundwater discharge,especially in the gaining rivers.
引文
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[15]Cartwright I,Hofmann H,Sirianos m A,et al.Geochemical and222Rn constraints on baseflow to the Murray River,Australia,and timescales for the decay of low-salinity groundwater lenses[J].Journal of Hydrology,2011,405(3/4):333-343.
[16]解建仓,张建龙,朱记伟,等.马莲河苦咸水来源分析及治理方案[J].资源科学,2011,33(1):77-85.[XIE J C,ZHANG J L,ZHU J W,et al.Analysis of brackish water sources and treatment plan in the Malian river[J].Resources Science,2011,33(1):77-85.(in Chinese)]
[17]潘峰,郭占荣,马志勇,等.胶州湾周边地下水和河水中222Rn的分布特征及影响因素[J].核化学与放射化学,2015,37(6):490-496.[PAN F,GUO Z R,MA Z Y,et al.Distribution characteristics and influence factors of222Rn in riverine water and groundwater around Jiaozhou Bay[J].Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemistry,2015,37(6):490-496.(in Chinese)]
[18]Kluge T,Rohden C V,Sonntag P,et al.Locating and quantifying groundwater inflow into lakes using high-precision222Rn profiles[J].Journal of Hydrology,2012,450/451:70-81.
[19]Cartwright I,Gilfedder B.Mapping and quantifying groundwater inflows to Deep Creek(Maribyrnong catchment,SE Australia)using222Rn,implications for protecting groundwater dependant ecosystems[J].Applied Geochemistry,2015,52:118-129.
[20]Tonina D,Buffington J M.Effects of stream discharge,alluvial depth and bar amplitude on hyporheic flow in pool-riffle channels[J].Water Resources Research,2011,47(8):532-560.
[21]林晶晶,马瑞,孙自永,等.河水与地下水作用带内井中流对温度示踪结果影响的实验研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2015,42(5):14-21.[LIN J J,MA R,SUN Z Y,et al.Laboratory investigations on the effect of the intra borehole flow in fullyscreened well on the temperature change during tracing river and groundwater interaction[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2015,42(5):14-21.(in Chinese)]
[2]赵佳莉,王文科,王周锋,等.河床沉积物渗透系数空间变异性研究——以滦河下游为例[J].水文地质工程地质,2014,41(3):13-20.[ZHAO J L,WANG W K,WANG Z F,et al.Spatial variability of streambed hydraulic conductivity in the lower reaches of Luanhe river[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2014,41(3):13-20.(in Chinese)]
[3]杨巧凤,王瑞久,徐素宁,等.莱州湾白浪河河水和河口海水的水化学和氢氧稳定同位素特征[J].水文地质工程地质,2016,43(5):48-55.[YANG Q F,WANG R J,XU S N,et al.Hydrochemical and stable isotopic characteristics of estuarial seawater and river water of Bailang river in Laizhou bay[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2016,43(5):48-55.(in Chinese))
[4]宋献方,刘鑫,夏军,等.基于氢氧同位素的岔巴沟流域地表水—地下水转化关系研究[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2009,17(1):8-20.[SONG X F,LIU X,XIA J,et al.Interactions between surface water and groundwater in Chabagou catchment using Hydrogen and Oxygen isotopes[J].Journal of Basis Science and Engineering,2009,17(1):8-20.(in Chinese)]
[5]谷洪彪,迟宝明,王贺,等.柳江盆地地表水和地下水转化关系的氢氧稳定同位素和水化学特征[J].地球科学进展,2017,32(8):789-799.[GU H B,CHI B M,WANG H,et al.Relationship between surface water and groundwater in the Liujiang basin—hydrochemical constrains[J].Advances in Earth Science,2017,32(8):789-799.(in Chinese)]
[6]Cook P G.Estimating groundwater discharge to rivers from river chemistry surveys[J].Hydrological Processes,2013,27(25):3694-3707.
[7]Yu M L,Cartwright I,Braden J L,et al.Examining the spatial and temporal variation of groundwater inflows to a valley to flood plain river using222Rn,geochemistry and river discharge:the Ovens River,southeast Australia[J].Hydrology&Earth System Sciences,2013,17(12):4907-4924.
[8]Cartwright I,Hofmann H,Gilfedder B,et al.Understanding parafluvial exchange and degassing to better quantify groundwater inflows using Rn-222:The King River,southeast Australia[J].Chemical Geology,2014,380:48-60.
[9]Lefebvre K,Barbecot F,Larocque M,et al.Combining isotopic tracers(222Rn andδ13C)for improved modeling of groundwater discharge to small rivers[J].Hydrological Processes,2015,29(12):2814-2822.
[10]李海龙,王学静.海底地下水排泄研究回顾与进展[J].地球科学进展,2015,30(6):636-646.[LI H L,WANG X J.Submarine groundwater discharge:a review[J].Advances in Earth Science,2015,30(6):636-646.(in Chinese)]
[11]郭占荣,马志勇,章斌,等.采用222Rn示踪胶州湾的海底地下水排泄及营养盐输入[J].地球科学(中国地质大学学报),2013,38(5):1073-1080.[GUO Z R,MA Z Y,ZHANG B,et al.Tracing submarine groundwater discharge and associated nutrient fluxes into Jiaohzou Bay by continuous222Rn measurements[J].Journal of China University of Geosciences,2013,38(5):1073-1080.(in Chinese)]
[12]陈荦,张幼宽,梁修雨,等.土壤-含水层侧渗系统在净化河水中的应用——以郑州市索须河工程为例[J].水文地质工程地质,2013,40(4):93-98.[CHEN L,ZHANG Y K,LIANG X Y,et al.Application of a soil-aquifer seepage system to purifying polluted river water:a demonstrated project at the Suoxu river near Zhengzhou[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2013,40(4):93-98.(in Chinese)]
[13]侯光才,尹立河,苏小四,等.鄂尔多斯白垩系盆地地下水流动系统驻点的理论与实际意义[J].水文地质工程地质,2013,40(1):19-23.[HOU G C,YIN L H,SU X S,et al.Theoretical and practical meaning of stagnant points of groundwater flow system in the Cretaceous basin of Ordos basin[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2013,40(1):19-23.(in Chinese)]
[14]苏小四,万玉玉,董维红,等.马莲河河水与地下水的相互关系:水化学和同位素证据[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2009,39(6):1087-1094.[SU X S,WAN Y Y,DONG W H,et al.Hydraulic relationship between Malian River and groundwater:hydrogeochemical and isotopic evidences[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2009,39(6):1087-1094.(in Chinese)]
[15]Cartwright I,Hofmann H,Sirianos m A,et al.Geochemical and222Rn constraints on baseflow to the Murray River,Australia,and timescales for the decay of low-salinity groundwater lenses[J].Journal of Hydrology,2011,405(3/4):333-343.
[16]解建仓,张建龙,朱记伟,等.马莲河苦咸水来源分析及治理方案[J].资源科学,2011,33(1):77-85.[XIE J C,ZHANG J L,ZHU J W,et al.Analysis of brackish water sources and treatment plan in the Malian river[J].Resources Science,2011,33(1):77-85.(in Chinese)]
[17]潘峰,郭占荣,马志勇,等.胶州湾周边地下水和河水中222Rn的分布特征及影响因素[J].核化学与放射化学,2015,37(6):490-496.[PAN F,GUO Z R,MA Z Y,et al.Distribution characteristics and influence factors of222Rn in riverine water and groundwater around Jiaozhou Bay[J].Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemistry,2015,37(6):490-496.(in Chinese)]
[18]Kluge T,Rohden C V,Sonntag P,et al.Locating and quantifying groundwater inflow into lakes using high-precision222Rn profiles[J].Journal of Hydrology,2012,450/451:70-81.
[19]Cartwright I,Gilfedder B.Mapping and quantifying groundwater inflows to Deep Creek(Maribyrnong catchment,SE Australia)using222Rn,implications for protecting groundwater dependant ecosystems[J].Applied Geochemistry,2015,52:118-129.
[20]Tonina D,Buffington J M.Effects of stream discharge,alluvial depth and bar amplitude on hyporheic flow in pool-riffle channels[J].Water Resources Research,2011,47(8):532-560.
[21]林晶晶,马瑞,孙自永,等.河水与地下水作用带内井中流对温度示踪结果影响的实验研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2015,42(5):14-21.[LIN J J,MA R,SUN Z Y,et al.Laboratory investigations on the effect of the intra borehole flow in fullyscreened well on the temperature change during tracing river and groundwater interaction[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2015,42(5):14-21.(in Chinese)]