GDI喷油器高温汽油的近场射流特性
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摘要
基于高温汽油喷射平台,利用米氏散射技术和近场摄影方法,研究不同喷射压力和燃油温度下汽油在GDI喷油器中的近场射流特性。研究结果表明:随着燃油温度升高,喷嘴出口处的燃油射流向外膨胀,射流中段向内塌缩。当燃油温度达到一定数值后,在喷孔附近的射流出现马赫盘现象;在相同喷射压力下,汽油射流膨胀角在低温区基本与常温射流锥角保持不变,进入中温区后快速增大,到高温区逐渐趋于平缓;马赫盘大小随着燃油温度的升高而增加,马赫盘位置受燃油温度的影响不明显;在相同燃油温度下,射流膨胀角、马赫盘大小和马赫盘位置均随着喷射压力的提高而增加;高温汽油射流的油滴粒径比常温汽油射流的更小。
The near field jet characteristics of ultra-high temperature gasoline in the GDI injector with Mie scattering method and micrograph technique were studied. The results show that with the increase of temperature, the gasoline expends near the nozzle tip and collapses in the middle. Mach disk appears near the injector when the gasoline temperature exceeds a specific value. At the same injection pressure, jet expansion angle is similar to the cryogenic jet angle in the low temperature zone, and there is a rapid growth in the middle temperature zone. The trend flattens out in the high temperature zone. Mach disk size increases with the increase of gasoline temperature, and Mach disk position is not affected by gasoline temperature obviously. At the same gasoline temperature, expansion angle, Mach disk size, and Mach disk position increase with the increase of injection pressure. In addition, the high temperature gasoline jet droplets are smaller than the cryogenic gasoline jet by contrast of jet images.
The near field jet characteristics of ultra-high temperature gasoline in the GDI injector with Mie scattering method and micrograph technique were studied. The results show that with the increase of temperature, the gasoline expends near the nozzle tip and collapses in the middle. Mach disk appears near the injector when the gasoline temperature exceeds a specific value. At the same injection pressure, jet expansion angle is similar to the cryogenic jet angle in the low temperature zone, and there is a rapid growth in the middle temperature zone. The trend flattens out in the high temperature zone. Mach disk size increases with the increase of gasoline temperature, and Mach disk position is not affected by gasoline temperature obviously. At the same gasoline temperature, expansion angle, Mach disk size, and Mach disk position increase with the increase of injection pressure. In addition, the high temperature gasoline jet droplets are smaller than the cryogenic gasoline jet by contrast of jet images.
引文
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[2]ZIGAN L,SCHMITZ I,FLüGEL A,et al.Structure of evaporating single and multicomponent fuel sprays for 2nd generation gasoline direct injection[J].Fuel,2011,90(1):348-363.
[3]ALEIFERIS P G,VAN ROMUNDE Z R,LARSON G,et al.On the effect of ambient turbulence and thermodynamic conditions on fuel spray development for direct-injection spark-ignition engines[J].Flow,Turbulence and Combustion,2015,95(1):29-60.
[4]XU Min,ZHANG Yuyin,ZENG Wei,et al.Flash boiling:easy and better way to generate ideal sprays than the high injection pressure[J].SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants,2013,6(1):137-148.
[5]BONAR G,BULLMER W,BOER C D,et al.Gasoline heated fuel injection—a mechanism for particulate reduction and general GDI engine optimization[M].Wiesbaden:Springer,2015:413-449.
[6]ALEIFERIS P G,ROMUNDE Z R V.An analysis of spray development with iso-octane,n-pentane,gasoline,ethanol and n-butanol from a multi-hole injector under hot fuel conditions[J].Fuel,2013,105(2):143-168.
[7]张高明.基于先进激光诊断技术解明高速液体射流的雾化和蒸发机理[D].上海:上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,2014:5-8.ZHANG Gaoming.Study of the atomization and vaporization of high speed liquid jet through advanced laser diagnostic technique development[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University.School of Mechanical Engineering,2014:5-8.
[8]何邦全,张倓恺.直喷汽油喷油器喷射过程近场喷雾特性[J].内燃机学报,2013,31(5):425-430.HE Bangquan,ZHANG Tankai.Near-field characterization of direct injection gasoline sprays from a single-hole injector[J].Transactions of CSICE,2013,31(5):425-430.
[9]LIN K C,COX-STOUFFER S K,JACKSON T A.Structures and phase transition processes of supercritical methane/ethylene mixtures injected into a subcritical environment[J].Combustion Science and Technology,2006,178(1/2/3):129-160.
[10]GAO Wei,LIANG Huosheng,XU Quanhong,et al.Injection of Supercritical Aviation Kerosene Fuel into Quiescent Atmospheric Environment[C]//45th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference.Denver,Colorado,2009:1-9.
[11]GUO Hengjie,DING Haichun,LI Yanfei,et al.Comparison of spray collapses at elevated ambient pressure and flash boiling conditions using multi-hole gasoline direct injector[J].Fuel,2017,199:125-134.
[12]张淼,裴毅强,郑朝蕾,等.亚临界/超临界汽油喷雾特性[J].内燃机学报,2015(5):420-425.ZHANG Miao,PEI Yiqiang,ZHENG Zhaolei,et al.Spray characteristics of subcritical/supercritical gasoline[J].Transactions of CSICE,2015(5):420-425.
[13]CRIST S,GLASS D R,SHERMAN P M.Study of the highly underexpanded sonic jet[J].AIAA Journal,1966,4(1):68-71.
[14]LIN K C,COX-SUFFER S,KENNEDY P,et al.Expansion of supercritical methane/ethylene jets in a quiescent subcritical environment[C]//41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit.Reno,Nevana,2003:1-14.