不同耕作方式下土壤—川芎系统中镉、铅的累积特征及污染评价
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摘要
为了研究耕作方式对川芎不同部位重金属含量的影响以及探明道地产区川芎栽培环境的质量,为川芎药材的优质生产提供理论依据,以彭州川芎种植区的菜—药、稻—药(翻耕)、稻—药(免耕)和旱地(未种过川芎和蔬菜)种植方式下的土壤为研究对象,采用污染指数法、地积累指数法和富集因子法对4种耕作方式下的土壤Cd、Pb污染状况和土壤—川芎系统中Cd、Pb的富集特征进行了探讨。结果表明:川芎种植土壤未受Pb污染,但存在不同程度的Cd污染。菜—药种植方式下土壤Cd、Pb含量显著高于其他3种方式,且Pb含量具有随土壤pH增大而降低的趋势,依次为菜—药>免耕>免耕>旱地。川芎根茎和叶片中Cd的含量基本符合WM/T2—2004标准要求(除菜—药方式外),均表现为菜—药>免耕>免耕>旱地;根茎和叶片中的Pb含量均超标,平均含量分别为6.16 mg/kg和8.63 mg/kg,具有随土壤pH增加而增大的趋势。川芎叶片对Cd、Pb的富集能力上均大于根茎且对Cd的富集大于Pb。
In order to clarify the effect of different tillage methods on heavy metal content in different parts of Ligusticum chuanxiong, four types of soil with different previous crops as vegetable-herb, rice-no tillage, rice-conventional tillage and dry land(with other crops) were studied to explore characteristics of cadmium(Cd) and lead(Pb) accumulation in soil- Ligusticum chuanxiong system and the pollution status. Three evaluation methods, including Nemerow index(P) method, geo-accumulation index(Igeo) method and enrichment factor (EF) method, were adopted in the study. The results showed that the current situation of soil was out of danger by Pb but in danger by Cd in varying degrees. Contents of Cd and Pb in soil were significantly different in vegetable-herb planting pattern than in the other three planting patterns, and contents of Pb had a decreasing tendency with the increase of soil pH value. The content of Pb in the four planting patterns showed an order as vegetable-herb > rice-no tillage > rice-conventional tillage > dry land. Contents of Cd in Ligusticum chuanxiong rhizomes and leaves were up to the standard of WM/T 2-2004(except in vegetable-herb pattern),showed an order as vegetable-herb > rice-no tillage > rice-conventional tillage > dry land. Contents of Pb exceed the standard with average concentration of 6.16 mg/kg in rhizomes and 8.63 mg/kg in leaves, and increased with the rise of soil pH value. Among different parts of Ligusticum chuanxiong, the leaves had a higher enrichment capacity of Cd and Pb than the rhizomes, the herb has a higher enrichment capacity of Cd than Pb, too.
In order to clarify the effect of different tillage methods on heavy metal content in different parts of Ligusticum chuanxiong, four types of soil with different previous crops as vegetable-herb, rice-no tillage, rice-conventional tillage and dry land(with other crops) were studied to explore characteristics of cadmium(Cd) and lead(Pb) accumulation in soil- Ligusticum chuanxiong system and the pollution status. Three evaluation methods, including Nemerow index(P) method, geo-accumulation index(Igeo) method and enrichment factor (EF) method, were adopted in the study. The results showed that the current situation of soil was out of danger by Pb but in danger by Cd in varying degrees. Contents of Cd and Pb in soil were significantly different in vegetable-herb planting pattern than in the other three planting patterns, and contents of Pb had a decreasing tendency with the increase of soil pH value. The content of Pb in the four planting patterns showed an order as vegetable-herb > rice-no tillage > rice-conventional tillage > dry land. Contents of Cd in Ligusticum chuanxiong rhizomes and leaves were up to the standard of WM/T 2-2004(except in vegetable-herb pattern),showed an order as vegetable-herb > rice-no tillage > rice-conventional tillage > dry land. Contents of Pb exceed the standard with average concentration of 6.16 mg/kg in rhizomes and 8.63 mg/kg in leaves, and increased with the rise of soil pH value. Among different parts of Ligusticum chuanxiong, the leaves had a higher enrichment capacity of Cd and Pb than the rhizomes, the herb has a higher enrichment capacity of Cd than Pb, too.
引文
[1]霍卫.中药材及中药饮片对外贸易保持高速增长势头—2011年1-6月份中药材及中药饮片出口分析[J].中国现代中药,2011,13(9):47-49.
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[11]徐琴,李彬,李青苗,等.川芎镉含量与栽培土壤pH及活性态Cd含量关系初探[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(3):1044-1046.
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[15]唐文春,金立新,周雪梅.成都市土壤中元素地球化学基准值研究及其意义[J].物探与化探,2005,29(1):71-83.
[16]宇万太,朱先进,周桦,等.不同施肥模式下土壤微量元素变化与转化特征[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(4):711-716.
[17]师荣光,赵玉杰,彭胜巍,等.不同土地利用类型下土壤-作物镉含量积累及其健康风险分析[J].资源科学,2008,30(12):1904-1909.
[18]向言词,官春云,黄璜,等.作物间作对油菜积累镉与铅的影响[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(3):50-55.
[19]李志萍,马超振,李珊珊.太子河沉积物重金属污染地积累指数法评价[J].长江科学院院报,2012,29(10):37-40.
[20]王玉婷,白宪洲,何明友,等.宜宾江安桐梓镇土地整理区耕地土壤重金属富集因子评价[J].地球与环境.2009,37(3):258-263.
[21]Alina Kabata-Pendias.Trace Elements in Soils and Plants(Fourth Edition)[M].New York:CRC press,2011:98-99.
[22]罗盛旭,杜兵兵,高嵩,等.土壤pH、Eh对土壤-苦丁茶树系统中铅分布的影响[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(12):30-33.
[23]张红振,骆永明,章海波,等.土壤环境质量指导值与标准研究Ⅴ.镉在土壤-作物系统中的富集规律与农产品质量安全[J].土壤学报,2010,47(4):628-638.
[24]罗永清,陈银萍,陶玲,等.兰州土壤-蔬菜系统铅污染特征及全钾速效钾与pH对其富集特性影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(8):1477-1482.
[25]周宁晖,季国军.蔬菜与土壤环境中铅镉含量相关性调查[J].环境监测管理与技术,2007,19(3):23-24.
[2]商务部市场秩序司.2011年中药材部分重点品种流通分析报告—2011年1-6月份中药材及中药饮片出口分析[J].中国现代中药,2011,13(9):47-49.
[3]白研,林泽庆,黄凤芳,等.不同产地几种中药材中重金属含量测定及砷的形态分析[J].光谱实验室,2011,28(2):792-796.
[4]郭笑笑,刘丛强,朱兆洲,等.土壤重金属污染评价方法[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(5):889-896.
[5]Philip G,Reeves RL.Bioavailability as an issue in risk assessment and management of food cadmium:A review[J].Sci Total Environ,2008,398:13-19.
[6]韩小丽,黄璐琦,郭兰萍,等.土壤-青蒿系统中镉(Cd)迁移规律及Cd对青蒿生长和青蒿素含量的影响[J].中国中药杂志,2010,35(13):1655-1659.
[7]师荣光,刘凤枝,郑向群,等.不同土地利用类型下土壤-作物铅的积累特征及其健康风险分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(3):481-486.
[8]范巧佳,蓝天琼,郑顺林,等.免耕稻草覆盖对土壤肥力及川芎产量和品质的影响[J].西南农业学报,2013,26(3):1066-1070.
[9]陈先玉,岳松.川芎中金属元素形态分析研究进展[J].中国医药指南,2008,6(14):89-90.
[10]毛霞,胡久梅,魏小亮,等.川芎药材中常量和微量元素的测定[J].光谱实验室,2012,29(1):226-228.
[11]徐琴,李彬,李青苗,等.川芎镉含量与栽培土壤pH及活性态Cd含量关系初探[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(3):1044-1046.
[12]国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 21823—2008.川芎地理标志产品[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[13]国家标准化管理委员会.GB 2762—2012.国家食品安全标准,食品中污染物限量[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2012.
[14]中国医药保健品进出品商会.WM/T 2—2004.药用植物及制剂外经贸绿色行业标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2005.
[15]唐文春,金立新,周雪梅.成都市土壤中元素地球化学基准值研究及其意义[J].物探与化探,2005,29(1):71-83.
[16]宇万太,朱先进,周桦,等.不同施肥模式下土壤微量元素变化与转化特征[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(4):711-716.
[17]师荣光,赵玉杰,彭胜巍,等.不同土地利用类型下土壤-作物镉含量积累及其健康风险分析[J].资源科学,2008,30(12):1904-1909.
[18]向言词,官春云,黄璜,等.作物间作对油菜积累镉与铅的影响[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(3):50-55.
[19]李志萍,马超振,李珊珊.太子河沉积物重金属污染地积累指数法评价[J].长江科学院院报,2012,29(10):37-40.
[20]王玉婷,白宪洲,何明友,等.宜宾江安桐梓镇土地整理区耕地土壤重金属富集因子评价[J].地球与环境.2009,37(3):258-263.
[21]Alina Kabata-Pendias.Trace Elements in Soils and Plants(Fourth Edition)[M].New York:CRC press,2011:98-99.
[22]罗盛旭,杜兵兵,高嵩,等.土壤pH、Eh对土壤-苦丁茶树系统中铅分布的影响[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(12):30-33.
[23]张红振,骆永明,章海波,等.土壤环境质量指导值与标准研究Ⅴ.镉在土壤-作物系统中的富集规律与农产品质量安全[J].土壤学报,2010,47(4):628-638.
[24]罗永清,陈银萍,陶玲,等.兰州土壤-蔬菜系统铅污染特征及全钾速效钾与pH对其富集特性影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(8):1477-1482.
[25]周宁晖,季国军.蔬菜与土壤环境中铅镉含量相关性调查[J].环境监测管理与技术,2007,19(3):23-24.