四川盆地震旦系气藏大斜度井水平井酸压技术
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摘要
四川盆地震旦系灯四段碳酸盐岩储层溶蚀孔、缝、洞发育,储集空间类型复杂,具有埋藏深、高温、高压、强非均质性、高含H_2S、CO_2等酸性气体的特点,对现有储层改造工艺技术提出了挑战。大斜度井/水平井储层改造的关键是长改造井段酸液布置和酸蚀裂缝深穿透沟通储层天然缝洞系统。根据储层地质及地应力分布特征,优化并形成了大斜度井/水平井机械分层分段改造工艺,纵横向上层间或段间物性差异大的裸眼完成井,采用封隔器实现分段改造;层内或段内物性差异大的射孔完成井,采用可降解暂堵材料实现分层改造。天然缝洞发育的裂缝-孔洞型储层采用缓速酸酸压技术疏通天然缝洞系统,对于裂缝-孔隙型及孔隙型储层,采用前置液酸压技术形成深穿透酸蚀裂缝沟通孤立的天然缝洞系统,形成的两种大斜度井水平井酸压技术现场试验取得了一定程度的储层改造效果;探索了滑溜水+自生酸+胶凝酸的复杂缝网酸压工艺,一定程度上提升了储层改造效果。
The carbonate rock reservoir of the Dengying subgroup of the Sinian System in the Sichuan Basin is characterized by complex types of reservoir spaces as a result of its well-developed dissolution pores, fractures, and holes, and it is characterized by high buried depth, high temperature, high pressure, high heterogeneity, and high contents of such acid gases as H2 S and CO_2.These features and characteristics present challenges to the current reservoir reform processes. The key to reservoir reform for high-inclination and horizontal wells is the deployment of acid liquid and in-depth permeation of acid dissolution fractures in long well sections to link the natural fractures and pores in the reservoir into a connected system. The current reservoir reform processes with mechanical stratification and segmentation for high-inclination/horizontal wells were improved in light of the geological characteristics and geostress distribution patterns as follows. open-hole sections with a big difference between vertical layers or horizontal segments in physical properties were reformed with packers in a segment-by-segment manner, while perforation segments with a big intralayer or intrasegmental difference in physical properties were reformed with degradable filling materials in a layer-by-layer manner. Fracture-hole-type reservoirs with well-developed natural fractures and holes were reformed with retarded-acid based acid fracturing technology to link the fractures and holes into a connected system, while fracture-pore-type and pore-type reservoirs were reformed with pad-fluid-based acid fracturing technology to form deep acid dissolution fractures to link isolated fractures and pores into a connected system. As demonstrated by on-site tests, the two types of acid fracturing technology developed for high-inclination and horizontal wells can improve reservoir reform efficiency.An exploratory study was also conducted on self-generating acid and slick water-based acid fracturing technology for complex networks of fractures, with some degree of success in improving reservoir reform efficiency.
The carbonate rock reservoir of the Dengying subgroup of the Sinian System in the Sichuan Basin is characterized by complex types of reservoir spaces as a result of its well-developed dissolution pores, fractures, and holes, and it is characterized by high buried depth, high temperature, high pressure, high heterogeneity, and high contents of such acid gases as H2 S and CO_2.These features and characteristics present challenges to the current reservoir reform processes. The key to reservoir reform for high-inclination and horizontal wells is the deployment of acid liquid and in-depth permeation of acid dissolution fractures in long well sections to link the natural fractures and pores in the reservoir into a connected system. The current reservoir reform processes with mechanical stratification and segmentation for high-inclination/horizontal wells were improved in light of the geological characteristics and geostress distribution patterns as follows. open-hole sections with a big difference between vertical layers or horizontal segments in physical properties were reformed with packers in a segment-by-segment manner, while perforation segments with a big intralayer or intrasegmental difference in physical properties were reformed with degradable filling materials in a layer-by-layer manner. Fracture-hole-type reservoirs with well-developed natural fractures and holes were reformed with retarded-acid based acid fracturing technology to link the fractures and holes into a connected system, while fracture-pore-type and pore-type reservoirs were reformed with pad-fluid-based acid fracturing technology to form deep acid dissolution fractures to link isolated fractures and pores into a connected system. As demonstrated by on-site tests, the two types of acid fracturing technology developed for high-inclination and horizontal wells can improve reservoir reform efficiency.An exploratory study was also conducted on self-generating acid and slick water-based acid fracturing technology for complex networks of fractures, with some degree of success in improving reservoir reform efficiency.
引文
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[11]李永平,王永辉,程兴生,等.高温深层非均质性碳酸盐岩水平井分段改造技术[J].石油钻采工艺,2014,36(1):107-111.doi:10.13639/j.odpt.2014.01.029LI Yongping,WANG Yonghui,CHENG Xingsheng,et al.Segmented reconstruction technique of high-temperature deep heterogeneous carbonate horizontal well[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2014,36(1):107-111.doi:10.13639/j.odpt.2014.01.029
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[14]季晓红,黄梦云,单锋,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系超埋深碳酸盐岩凝析气田水平井储层分段酸压改造应用实践及认识[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(增2):186-197.JI Xiaohong,HUANG Mengyun,SHAN Feng,et al.Practice and cognition on the reservoir reconstruction application by segmented acid fracturing for openhole horizontal wells in Tazhong Ordovician carbonate condensate gasfield with ultra-depth[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(S2):186-197.
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[16]曾义金,陈作,卞晓冰.川东南深层页岩气分段压裂技术的突破与认识[J].天然气工业,2016,36(1):61-67.doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2016.01.007ZENG Yijin,CHEN Zuo,BIAN Xiaobing.Breakthrough in staged fracturing technology for deep shale gas reservoirs in SE Sichuan Basin and its implications[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(1):61-67.doi:10.3787/j.issn.-1000-0976.2016.01.007
[17]齐天俊,韩春艳,罗鹏,等.可降解纤维转向技术在川东大斜度井及水平井中的应用[J].天然气工业,2013,33(8):58-63.doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.-2013.08.011QI Tianjun,HAN Chunyan,LUO Peng,et al.Application of diversion technology using degradable fiber to highlydeviated and horizontal wells in the eastern Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(8):58-63.doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2013.08.011
[18]付永强,何冶,王业众,等.四川盆地龙王庙组气藏储层改造技术及其应用效果[J].天然气工业,2014,34(3):93-96.doi:10.3787-/j.issn.1000-0976.2014.03.015FU Yongqiang,HE Ye,WANG Yezhong,et al.Reservoir stimulation techniques and their application to the Longwangmiano Fm gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(3):93-96.doi:10.3787/j.-issn.1000-0976.2014.03.015
[19]李克智,徐兵威,秦玉英,等.致密碳酸盐岩气藏转向酸酸压技术研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2013,35(2):97-101.doi:10.3863/j.issn.1674-5086.2013.02.014LI Kezhi,XU Bingwei,QIN Yuying,et al.Study on diversion acid technology in tight carbonate gas reservoir[J].Journal of SouthWest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2013,35(2):97-101.doi:10.3863/-j.issn.1674-5086.2013.02.014
[2]王文之,杨樾明,张玺华,等.四川盆地震旦系灯影组储层特征及成因[J].东北石油大学学报,2016,40(2):1-10.doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4107.2016.02.001WANG Wenzhi,YANG Yueming,ZHANG Xihua,et al.Reservoir characteristics and genesis of the Sinian Dengying Formation in Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,2016,40(2):1-10.doi:10.3969/j.-issn.2095-4107.2016.02.001
[3]李鹭光.四川盆地天然气勘探开发技术进展与发展方向[J].天然气工业,2011,31(1):1-6.doi:10.3787/j.-issn.1000-0976.2011.01.001LI Luguang.Technical progress and developing orientation in natural gas exploration and development in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(1):1-6.doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2011.01.001
[4]邓传光,张军,常洪渠,等.高石梯一磨溪区块探井钻井提速配套技术及其应用效果[J].天然气工业,2014,34(3):115-120.doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.-2014.03.019DENG Chuangguang,ZHANG Jun,CHANG Hongqu,et al.ROP enhancement techniques and their application in deep exploratory wells in the Gaoshiti-Moxi Block Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(3):115-120.doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2014.03.019
[5]韩慧芬,桑宇,杨建.四川盆地震旦系灯影组储层改造实验与应用[J].天然气工业,2016,36(1):81-88.doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2016.01.010HAN Huifen,SANG Yu,YANG Jian.Experimental study and application of stimulation technologies for Sinian Dengying Formation reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(1):81-88.doi:10.3787/j.-issn.1000-0976.2016.01.010
[6]王道成,张燕,赵万伟,等.四川盆地震旦系储层改造液体选择技术研究[J].石油与天然气化工,2016,45(3):51-57.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-3426.2016.03.011WANG Daocheng,ZHANG Yan,ZHAO Wanwei,et al.Research of liquid system selection technology of Sinian system reserboir stimulation in Sichuan Basin[J].Chemical Engineering of Oil&Gas,2016,45(3):51-57.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-3426.2016.03.011
[7]杨玉贵,康毅力,游利军.水平井钻井完井液侵入损害数值模拟研究进展[J].钻井液与完井液,2009,26(6):69-73.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-5620.2009.06.021YANG Yugui,KANG Yili,YOULijun.Progress in the numerical simulation of invasion damage from drill-in fluidsin horizontal wells[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2009,26(6):69-73.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-5620.2009.-06.021
[8]张振华,鄢捷年.储层损害对大斜度井定向井产能影响的计算方法研究[J].石油钻采工艺,2001,23(6):40-44.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-7393.2001.06.011ZHANG Zhenhua,YAN Jienian.Study of formation damage effect on the productivity for directional wells[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2001,23(6):40-44.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-7393.2001.06.011
[9]候方浩,方少仙,王兴志,等.四川震旦系灯影组天然气藏储渗体的再认识[J].石油学报,1999,20(6):16-21.doi:10.7623/syxb199906003HOU Fanghao,FANG Shaoxian,WANG Xingzhi,et al.Further understanding of the gas-reservoir rocks of Sinian Dengying Formation in Sichuan,China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1999,20(6):16-21.doi:10.7623/syxb199906003
[10]周正,王兴志,谢林,等.川中地区震旦系灯影组储层特征及物性影响因素[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(5):701-709.doi:10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2014.05.0701ZHOU Zheng,WANG Xingzhi,XIE Lin,et al.Reservoir features and physical influences of the Sinian Dengying Formation(Sinian)in central Sichuan,China[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(5):701-709.doi:10.11764/-j.issn.1672-1926.2014.05.0701
[11]李永平,王永辉,程兴生,等.高温深层非均质性碳酸盐岩水平井分段改造技术[J].石油钻采工艺,2014,36(1):107-111.doi:10.13639/j.odpt.2014.01.029LI Yongping,WANG Yonghui,CHENG Xingsheng,et al.Segmented reconstruction technique of high-temperature deep heterogeneous carbonate horizontal well[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2014,36(1):107-111.doi:10.13639/j.odpt.2014.01.029
[12]朱进府,张浩,高文祥,等.水平井分段改造工艺技术[J].油气井测试,2014,23(2):58-61,65.doi:10.-3969/j.issn.1004-4388.2014.02.018ZHU Jinfu,ZHANG Hao,GAO Wenxiang,et al.Segmented reconstruction tech to horizontal well[J].Well Testing,2014,23(2):58-61,65.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-4388.-2014.02.018
[13]张林,蒲军宏,邹磊,等.关于水平井合理分段优化研究[J].天然气地球科学,2012,23(2):370-374.doi:10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2012.02.370ZHANG Lin,PU Junhong,ZOU Lei,et al.Optimization of open intervals of selectively completed horizontal wells[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2012,23(2):370-374.doi:10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2012.02.370
[14]季晓红,黄梦云,单锋,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系超埋深碳酸盐岩凝析气田水平井储层分段酸压改造应用实践及认识[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(增2):186-197.JI Xiaohong,HUANG Mengyun,SHAN Feng,et al.Practice and cognition on the reservoir reconstruction application by segmented acid fracturing for openhole horizontal wells in Tazhong Ordovician carbonate condensate gasfield with ultra-depth[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(S2):186-197.
[15]叶登胜,王素兵.川渝地区水平井裸眼封隔器分段酸化工艺[J].油气井测试,2011,20(4):69-72.doi:10.-3969/j.issn.1004-4388.2011.04.023YE Dengsheng,WANG Subing.Sub-acidification tech of open hole packer for horizontal well in Sichuan and Chongqing[J].Well Testing,2011,20(4):69-72.doi:10.-3969/j.issn.1004-4388.2011.04.023
[16]曾义金,陈作,卞晓冰.川东南深层页岩气分段压裂技术的突破与认识[J].天然气工业,2016,36(1):61-67.doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2016.01.007ZENG Yijin,CHEN Zuo,BIAN Xiaobing.Breakthrough in staged fracturing technology for deep shale gas reservoirs in SE Sichuan Basin and its implications[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(1):61-67.doi:10.3787/j.issn.-1000-0976.2016.01.007
[17]齐天俊,韩春艳,罗鹏,等.可降解纤维转向技术在川东大斜度井及水平井中的应用[J].天然气工业,2013,33(8):58-63.doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.-2013.08.011QI Tianjun,HAN Chunyan,LUO Peng,et al.Application of diversion technology using degradable fiber to highlydeviated and horizontal wells in the eastern Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(8):58-63.doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2013.08.011
[18]付永强,何冶,王业众,等.四川盆地龙王庙组气藏储层改造技术及其应用效果[J].天然气工业,2014,34(3):93-96.doi:10.3787-/j.issn.1000-0976.2014.03.015FU Yongqiang,HE Ye,WANG Yezhong,et al.Reservoir stimulation techniques and their application to the Longwangmiano Fm gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(3):93-96.doi:10.3787/j.-issn.1000-0976.2014.03.015
[19]李克智,徐兵威,秦玉英,等.致密碳酸盐岩气藏转向酸酸压技术研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2013,35(2):97-101.doi:10.3863/j.issn.1674-5086.2013.02.014LI Kezhi,XU Bingwei,QIN Yuying,et al.Study on diversion acid technology in tight carbonate gas reservoir[J].Journal of SouthWest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2013,35(2):97-101.doi:10.3863/-j.issn.1674-5086.2013.02.014