障碍物对大型LNG储罐泄漏蒸气扩散影响的模拟研究
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摘要
全球液化天然气(LNG)需求日益增长,其储存与运输过程中泄漏扩散致灾是LNG安全利用的关键。通过建立大型LNG储罐泄漏的三维数值模型,基于国家规范设计挡板和3种围堰,利用Fluent软件,对不同障碍物情况气云扩散的规律进行模拟计算分析。结果表明:在扩散初期,围堰高度对于阻挡气云向外扩散起决定性作用,能够有效地推迟气云在下风方向的扩散进程,设置的围堰可推迟气云的扩散行为3～6 min;当在下风向设置挡板时,气云在下风向的扩散距离增加了5.2%,没有达到抑制气云扩散的效果;通过改变围堰的长宽比,可以加强对气云扩散行为的抑制作用。该数值计算结果为设计优化LNG罐区围堰与挡板提供了理论依据,为应急程序的制定提供了理论支持。
The increasing importance of liquefied natural gas(LNG) to global energy demand has increased interest in possible hazards associated with its storage. In this paper, a model of vapor dispersion from large-scale LNG tank was established using three-dimensional numerical simulations. Baffle and three sizes of cofferdams were designed for optimization researches. Under low wind speed condition, simulations were conducted to investigate the effects of barriers on the vapor cloud dispersion by using Fluent software. The results showed that, at the start of dispersion, the height of cofferdam was identified to be the key factor in blocking vapor dispersion in the horizontal direction and the cofferdam would delay the vapor dispersion by 3-6 min. However, baffle does not make the downwind dispersion distance shorter, but increase the distance by 5.2%. The findings and analysis presented here will serve as an important theoretical support for LNG plant safety design and emergency procedures.
The increasing importance of liquefied natural gas(LNG) to global energy demand has increased interest in possible hazards associated with its storage. In this paper, a model of vapor dispersion from large-scale LNG tank was established using three-dimensional numerical simulations. Baffle and three sizes of cofferdams were designed for optimization researches. Under low wind speed condition, simulations were conducted to investigate the effects of barriers on the vapor cloud dispersion by using Fluent software. The results showed that, at the start of dispersion, the height of cofferdam was identified to be the key factor in blocking vapor dispersion in the horizontal direction and the cofferdam would delay the vapor dispersion by 3-6 min. However, baffle does not make the downwind dispersion distance shorter, but increase the distance by 5.2%. The findings and analysis presented here will serve as an important theoretical support for LNG plant safety design and emergency procedures.
引文
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[3] 冯博,马云龙,王家远.基于FLUENT的LPG球罐泄漏扩散规律探究[J].石油与天然气化工,2017,46(6):102-105.
[4] LUKETA-HANLIN A.A review of large-scale LNG spills:experiments and modeling[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2006,132(2/3):119-140.
[5] RANA M A.Forced dispersion of liquefied natural gas vapor clouds with water spray curtain application[D].Texas:Texas A&M University,2009.
[6] NEFF D E,MERONEY R N.LNG vapor barrier and obstable evaluation wind tunnel Prefield test result[R].California:Lawerence Livermore Laboratory,1986.
[7] SHIN S H,MERONEY R N,NEFF D E.LNG vapor barrier and obstacle evaluation:Wind-tunnel simulation of 1987 Falcon Spill Series.Final report,July 1987-February 1991[R].Fort Collins,CO:Colorado State Univ.,1991.
[8] 黄琴,蒋军成.液化天然气泄漏扩散模型比较[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2007,3(5):3-6.
[9] 庄学强,廖海峰.液化天然气泄漏扩散数值模型分析[J].集美大学学报(自然科学版),2011,16(4):292-296.
[10] GAVELLI F,BULLISTER E,KYTOMAA H.Application of CFD (Fluent) to LNG spills into geometrically complex environments[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,159(1):158-168.
[11] 李清,蔡磊,董久樟,等.围堰对LNG储罐泄漏影响的模拟研究[J].煤气与热力,2016,36(11):B32-B39.
[12] IKEALUMBA W C,WU H W.Modeling of liquefied natural gas release and dispersion:incorporating a direct computational fluid dynamics simulation method for LNG spill and pool formation[J].Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2016,55(6):1778-1787.
[13] HOXEY R P,RICHARDS P J.Flow patterns and pressure field around a full-scale building[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,1993,50:203-212.
[14] KOOPMAN R P,BAKER J,CEDERWALL R T,et al.Burro series data report LLNL/NWC 1980 LNG spill tests[R].Livermore:LLNL,1982.
[15] 中国石油天然气管道工程有限公司.储罐区防火堤设计规范:GB 50351-2014[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2014:9.
[16] 李科,范玲,孙林,等.LNG储罐安全保护系统设计[J].天然气与石油,2017,35(4):30-35.
[17] 中国石油天然气股份有限公司规划总院.石油天然气工程设计防火规范:GB 50183-2004[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2005.
[18] 中国石化集团中原石油勘探局勘察设计研究院.液化天然气(LNG)生产、储存和装运:GB/T 20368-2012[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2013.