摘要
【目的】研究苜蓿(Medicago Sativa)与连作马铃薯土壤浸提液对基质栽培马铃薯植株的光合、生理特性及产量的影响,以期为克服马铃薯连作障碍提供理论依据.【方法】以马铃薯品种‘新大坪'为试验材料,研究了马铃薯第4年连作田土壤浸提液与4年龄清水苜蓿土壤浸提液配比液(记为1∶1,1∶2,1∶3,1∶4,1∶5,CK-连作马铃薯土壤浸提液)对基质栽培马铃薯叶片光合参数、酶活性、叶绿素含量及产量的影响.【结果】在马铃薯盛花期,1∶2处理的SOD活性、CAT活性,比对照(CK)增加5.2%、77.8%;1∶4处理的POD活性较对照(CK)提高19%;盛花期600μmol/(m~2·s)光照下,1∶3处理的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)蒸腾速率(Tr)的值最大,分别比对照(CK)增加64.7%、73.3%、132.2%;盛花期1 000μmol/(m~2·s)光照下,Pn、Gs、Tr先上升再降低,到达T3处理时为最大值,比对照(CK)分别增加63.6%、272.7%、162.8%.在马铃薯块茎膨大期,1∶4处理叶绿素相对含量最高,比CK提高29.9%;块茎膨大期600μmol/(m~2·s)下的1∶3处理下的Pn、Gs、Tr均处于最大值,分别比对照(CK)增加64.2%、164.7%、117.1%;块茎膨大期1 000μmol/(m~2·s)光照下,1∶3处理的Tr比CK显著提高69.6%.1∶3处理马铃薯产量最高,较CK提高19.3%.【结论】不同浓度比例的连作马铃薯土壤浸提液与清水苜蓿土壤浸提液可有效改善马铃薯光合生理特性,并能提高马铃薯产量,尤以1∶3处理最佳.
【Objective】The research aimed to study the effect of alfalfa soil leaching liquor on photosynthetic physiological characteristics and tuber yield of continuous cropping potato and proved theoretical basis for overcoming the obstacles of potato continuous cropping.【Method】The potato cultivar‘Xindaping'was used as experiment material to study the effect of the fourth year of potato soil leaching liquor and 4-year old alfalfa soil leaching liquor mixture(designated as 1∶1,1∶2,1∶3,1∶4,1∶5;ck-continuous potato soil leaching liquor)to the influence of potato leaf stomatal parameters,enzyme activity,the content of chlorophyll and the yield.【Result】The 1∶2 treatment obviously improved by 5.2% and 77.8% of SOD and CAT activities,the 1∶4 treatment significantly increased by 19% of POD activity when compared with the CK during the period of potato flowering.Under 600μmol/(m~2·s)of lightness during flowering period,the 1∶3 treatment had the maximum promotion to Pn,Gsand Tr,separately improved by 64.7%,73.3%and 132.2% when compared with the CK.Under 1 000μmol/(m~2·s)of lightness during flowering period,Pn,Gsand Trfirstly rose and then decreased,and the T3 treatment reached the maximum,was 63.6%,272.7% and 162.8% higher than the CK.In the tuber expansion period,the 1∶4 treatment had the maximum value of chlorophyll,which was 29.93% higher than the CK.Under 600μmol/(m~2·s)of lightness during tuber expansion period,1∶3 treatment had the maximum of Pn,Gsand Tr,improved by 64.2%,164.7% and 117.1%.Under 1 000μmol/(m~2·s)of lightness during tuber expansion period,the Trof 1∶3 treatment increased by 69.6%.The 1∶3 treatment had the maximum yield,with 19.3% higher compared with the CK.【Conclusion】Different proportion alfalfa and potato cropping soil leaching liquor can improve potato photosynthetic physiological characteristics and yield,the 1∶3 treatment shows the optimum.
引文
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