苜蓿与连作马铃薯土壤浸提液配比对马铃薯光合、生理特性和产量的影响
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摘要
【目的】研究苜蓿(Medicago Sativa)与连作马铃薯土壤浸提液对基质栽培马铃薯植株的光合、生理特性及产量的影响,以期为克服马铃薯连作障碍提供理论依据.【方法】以马铃薯品种‘新大坪'为试验材料,研究了马铃薯第4年连作田土壤浸提液与4年龄清水苜蓿土壤浸提液配比液(记为1∶1,1∶2,1∶3,1∶4,1∶5,CK-连作马铃薯土壤浸提液)对基质栽培马铃薯叶片光合参数、酶活性、叶绿素含量及产量的影响.【结果】在马铃薯盛花期,1∶2处理的SOD活性、CAT活性,比对照(CK)增加5.2%、77.8%;1∶4处理的POD活性较对照(CK)提高19%;盛花期600μmol/(m~2·s)光照下,1∶3处理的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)蒸腾速率(Tr)的值最大,分别比对照(CK)增加64.7%、73.3%、132.2%;盛花期1 000μmol/(m~2·s)光照下,Pn、Gs、Tr先上升再降低,到达T3处理时为最大值,比对照(CK)分别增加63.6%、272.7%、162.8%.在马铃薯块茎膨大期,1∶4处理叶绿素相对含量最高,比CK提高29.9%;块茎膨大期600μmol/(m~2·s)下的1∶3处理下的Pn、Gs、Tr均处于最大值,分别比对照(CK)增加64.2%、164.7%、117.1%;块茎膨大期1 000μmol/(m~2·s)光照下,1∶3处理的Tr比CK显著提高69.6%.1∶3处理马铃薯产量最高,较CK提高19.3%.【结论】不同浓度比例的连作马铃薯土壤浸提液与清水苜蓿土壤浸提液可有效改善马铃薯光合生理特性,并能提高马铃薯产量,尤以1∶3处理最佳.
【Objective】The research aimed to study the effect of alfalfa soil leaching liquor on photosynthetic physiological characteristics and tuber yield of continuous cropping potato and proved theoretical basis for overcoming the obstacles of potato continuous cropping.【Method】The potato cultivar‘Xindaping'was used as experiment material to study the effect of the fourth year of potato soil leaching liquor and 4-year old alfalfa soil leaching liquor mixture(designated as 1∶1,1∶2,1∶3,1∶4,1∶5;ck-continuous potato soil leaching liquor)to the influence of potato leaf stomatal parameters,enzyme activity,the content of chlorophyll and the yield.【Result】The 1∶2 treatment obviously improved by 5.2% and 77.8% of SOD and CAT activities,the 1∶4 treatment significantly increased by 19% of POD activity when compared with the CK during the period of potato flowering.Under 600μmol/(m~2·s)of lightness during flowering period,the 1∶3 treatment had the maximum promotion to Pn,Gsand Tr,separately improved by 64.7%,73.3%and 132.2% when compared with the CK.Under 1 000μmol/(m~2·s)of lightness during flowering period,Pn,Gsand Trfirstly rose and then decreased,and the T3 treatment reached the maximum,was 63.6%,272.7% and 162.8% higher than the CK.In the tuber expansion period,the 1∶4 treatment had the maximum value of chlorophyll,which was 29.93% higher than the CK.Under 600μmol/(m~2·s)of lightness during tuber expansion period,1∶3 treatment had the maximum of Pn,Gsand Tr,improved by 64.2%,164.7% and 117.1%.Under 1 000μmol/(m~2·s)of lightness during tuber expansion period,the Trof 1∶3 treatment increased by 69.6%.The 1∶3 treatment had the maximum yield,with 19.3% higher compared with the CK.【Conclusion】Different proportion alfalfa and potato cropping soil leaching liquor can improve potato photosynthetic physiological characteristics and yield,the 1∶3 treatment shows the optimum.
【Objective】The research aimed to study the effect of alfalfa soil leaching liquor on photosynthetic physiological characteristics and tuber yield of continuous cropping potato and proved theoretical basis for overcoming the obstacles of potato continuous cropping.【Method】The potato cultivar‘Xindaping'was used as experiment material to study the effect of the fourth year of potato soil leaching liquor and 4-year old alfalfa soil leaching liquor mixture(designated as 1∶1,1∶2,1∶3,1∶4,1∶5;ck-continuous potato soil leaching liquor)to the influence of potato leaf stomatal parameters,enzyme activity,the content of chlorophyll and the yield.【Result】The 1∶2 treatment obviously improved by 5.2% and 77.8% of SOD and CAT activities,the 1∶4 treatment significantly increased by 19% of POD activity when compared with the CK during the period of potato flowering.Under 600μmol/(m~2·s)of lightness during flowering period,the 1∶3 treatment had the maximum promotion to Pn,Gsand Tr,separately improved by 64.7%,73.3%and 132.2% when compared with the CK.Under 1 000μmol/(m~2·s)of lightness during flowering period,Pn,Gsand Trfirstly rose and then decreased,and the T3 treatment reached the maximum,was 63.6%,272.7% and 162.8% higher than the CK.In the tuber expansion period,the 1∶4 treatment had the maximum value of chlorophyll,which was 29.93% higher than the CK.Under 600μmol/(m~2·s)of lightness during tuber expansion period,1∶3 treatment had the maximum of Pn,Gsand Tr,improved by 64.2%,164.7% and 117.1%.Under 1 000μmol/(m~2·s)of lightness during tuber expansion period,the Trof 1∶3 treatment increased by 69.6%.The 1∶3 treatment had the maximum yield,with 19.3% higher compared with the CK.【Conclusion】Different proportion alfalfa and potato cropping soil leaching liquor can improve potato photosynthetic physiological characteristics and yield,the 1∶3 treatment shows the optimum.
引文
[1]回振龙,李朝周,史文煊,等.黄腐酸改善连作马铃薯生长发育及抗性生理的研究[J].草业学报,2013,22(4):130-136.
[2]沈宝云,刘星,王蒂,等.甘肃省中部沿黄灌区连作对马铃薯植株生理生态特性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(6):689-699.
[3]李继平,李敏权,惠娜娜,等.马铃薯连作田土壤中主要病原真菌的种群动态变化规律[J].草业学报,2013,22(4):147-152.
[4]曹莉,秦舒浩,张俊莲,等.轮作豆科牧草对连作马铃薯田土壤微生物菌群及酶活性的影响[J].草业学报,2013,22(3):139-145.
[5]王俊,李凤民,贾宇,等.半干旱黄土区苜蓿草地轮作农田土壤氮、磷和有机质变化[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(3):439-444.
[6]孔凡磊,陈阜,张海林,等.轮耕对土壤物理性状和冬小麦产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(8):150-155.
[7]秦舒浩,曹莉,张俊莲,等.轮作豆科植物对马铃薯连作田土壤速效养分及理化性质的影响[J].作物学报,2014,40(8):1452-1458.
[8]MOULIN A P,BUCKLEY K E,VOLKMAR K.Soil quality as affected by amendments in bean-potato rotationsrJ-1[J].Canadian Journal of Soil Science,2011,91:533-542.
[9]贾丽琴.豆科植物土壤浸提液对马铃薯连作土壤微生物群落和酶活性的影响[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2016.
[10]王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[11]周建刚,丁少丽,袁金友,等.NaCl胁迫对苎麻叶片中SOD、POD及CAT活性的影响[J].武汉科技学院学报,2007(4):35-37.
[12]高永生,王锁民,张承烈.植物盐适应性调节机制的研究进展[J].草业学报,2003,12(2):1-6.
[13]孙小妹,张涛,陈年来,等.土壤水分和氮素对春小麦叶片抗氧化系统的影响[J].干旱区农业研究,2011,28(2):205-214.
[14]尚国斌,张瑞玖,蒙美莲,等.NaCl胁迫下马铃薯试管薯生长发育特性的研究[C]∥中国作物学会马铃薯专业委员会.中国作物学会马铃薯专业委员会2008年马铃薯大会论文集,2008.
[15]李璇,岳红,王升,等.影响植物抗氧化酶活性的因素及其研究热点和现状[J].中国中药杂志,2013(7):973-978.
[16]尉辉,张自坤,刘素慧,等.连作对大蒜生长及生理生化指标的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(19):239-242.
[17]吕毅,宋富海,李园园,等.轮作不同作物对苹果园连作土壤环境及平邑甜茶幼苗生理指标的影响[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(14):2830-2839
[18]张伏,张亚坤,毛鹏军,等.植物叶绿素测量方法研究现状及发展[J].农机化研究,2014(4):238-241.
[19]张宝林,高聚林,刘克礼.马铃薯群体光合系统参数的研究[J].中国马铃薯,2003,17(3):146-151.
[20]张宝林,高聚林,刘克礼.马铃薯在不同密度及施肥处理下叶片叶绿素含量的变化[J].中国马铃薯,2003,17(3):137-140.
[21]高慧娟,陈年来,黄海霞,等.甜瓜光合特性对土壤水分条件的响应[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2010,45(5):72-78.
[22]种培芳,陈年来.光照强度对园艺植物光合作用影响的研究进展[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2008,43(5):104-109.
[23]孙海林,田丰,张永成.马铃薯光合速率与产量相关性研究[J].中国马铃薯,2005,19(1):26-28.
[24]王华,黄宇,阳柏苏,等.中亚热带红壤地区稻-稻-草轮作系统稻田土壤质量评价[J].生态学报,2005,25(12):3271-3281.
[25]张立宾,郭新霞,常尚连.田菁的耐盐能力及其对滨海盐渍土的改良效果[J].江苏农业科学,2012,40(2):310-312.
[26]梁彦涛,徐太海,金连丰,等.豆科植物在生态恢复方面的应用研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2014,20(23):6637-6638,6655.
[27]刘守伟,于慧颖,吴凤芝.不同蔬菜轮作栽培模式对黄瓜生理特性及产量的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2009,40(8):28-31.
[28]吴艳飞,高丽红,李红岭,等.连作温室夏季不同利用模式对黄瓜产量及土壤环境影响[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(12):2551-2556.
[2]沈宝云,刘星,王蒂,等.甘肃省中部沿黄灌区连作对马铃薯植株生理生态特性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(6):689-699.
[3]李继平,李敏权,惠娜娜,等.马铃薯连作田土壤中主要病原真菌的种群动态变化规律[J].草业学报,2013,22(4):147-152.
[4]曹莉,秦舒浩,张俊莲,等.轮作豆科牧草对连作马铃薯田土壤微生物菌群及酶活性的影响[J].草业学报,2013,22(3):139-145.
[5]王俊,李凤民,贾宇,等.半干旱黄土区苜蓿草地轮作农田土壤氮、磷和有机质变化[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(3):439-444.
[6]孔凡磊,陈阜,张海林,等.轮耕对土壤物理性状和冬小麦产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(8):150-155.
[7]秦舒浩,曹莉,张俊莲,等.轮作豆科植物对马铃薯连作田土壤速效养分及理化性质的影响[J].作物学报,2014,40(8):1452-1458.
[8]MOULIN A P,BUCKLEY K E,VOLKMAR K.Soil quality as affected by amendments in bean-potato rotationsrJ-1[J].Canadian Journal of Soil Science,2011,91:533-542.
[9]贾丽琴.豆科植物土壤浸提液对马铃薯连作土壤微生物群落和酶活性的影响[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2016.
[10]王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[11]周建刚,丁少丽,袁金友,等.NaCl胁迫对苎麻叶片中SOD、POD及CAT活性的影响[J].武汉科技学院学报,2007(4):35-37.
[12]高永生,王锁民,张承烈.植物盐适应性调节机制的研究进展[J].草业学报,2003,12(2):1-6.
[13]孙小妹,张涛,陈年来,等.土壤水分和氮素对春小麦叶片抗氧化系统的影响[J].干旱区农业研究,2011,28(2):205-214.
[14]尚国斌,张瑞玖,蒙美莲,等.NaCl胁迫下马铃薯试管薯生长发育特性的研究[C]∥中国作物学会马铃薯专业委员会.中国作物学会马铃薯专业委员会2008年马铃薯大会论文集,2008.
[15]李璇,岳红,王升,等.影响植物抗氧化酶活性的因素及其研究热点和现状[J].中国中药杂志,2013(7):973-978.
[16]尉辉,张自坤,刘素慧,等.连作对大蒜生长及生理生化指标的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(19):239-242.
[17]吕毅,宋富海,李园园,等.轮作不同作物对苹果园连作土壤环境及平邑甜茶幼苗生理指标的影响[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(14):2830-2839
[18]张伏,张亚坤,毛鹏军,等.植物叶绿素测量方法研究现状及发展[J].农机化研究,2014(4):238-241.
[19]张宝林,高聚林,刘克礼.马铃薯群体光合系统参数的研究[J].中国马铃薯,2003,17(3):146-151.
[20]张宝林,高聚林,刘克礼.马铃薯在不同密度及施肥处理下叶片叶绿素含量的变化[J].中国马铃薯,2003,17(3):137-140.
[21]高慧娟,陈年来,黄海霞,等.甜瓜光合特性对土壤水分条件的响应[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2010,45(5):72-78.
[22]种培芳,陈年来.光照强度对园艺植物光合作用影响的研究进展[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2008,43(5):104-109.
[23]孙海林,田丰,张永成.马铃薯光合速率与产量相关性研究[J].中国马铃薯,2005,19(1):26-28.
[24]王华,黄宇,阳柏苏,等.中亚热带红壤地区稻-稻-草轮作系统稻田土壤质量评价[J].生态学报,2005,25(12):3271-3281.
[25]张立宾,郭新霞,常尚连.田菁的耐盐能力及其对滨海盐渍土的改良效果[J].江苏农业科学,2012,40(2):310-312.
[26]梁彦涛,徐太海,金连丰,等.豆科植物在生态恢复方面的应用研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2014,20(23):6637-6638,6655.
[27]刘守伟,于慧颖,吴凤芝.不同蔬菜轮作栽培模式对黄瓜生理特性及产量的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2009,40(8):28-31.
[28]吴艳飞,高丽红,李红岭,等.连作温室夏季不同利用模式对黄瓜产量及土壤环境影响[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(12):2551-2556.