残留地膜对马铃薯生长及产量的影响
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摘要
为了探明残留地膜对马铃薯生长及产量的影响,采用田间网袋法设置不同地膜残留量梯度种植马铃薯,于收获期分别测定马铃薯不同部位生物量、根系状况及产量等指标。结果表明,马铃薯的地上及地下部干、鲜重受到土壤中残留地膜的影响,与无残膜处理相比差异显著,随着残留地膜数量的增加有下降的趋势;残留地膜对马铃薯根系生长的抑制表现在根长、根总表面积、根体积和根尖数量的减少,地膜残留量为180 kg/hm2时影响最大,根长、根总表面积、根体积和根尖数量分别为无残膜处理的83.6%、79.6%、75.1%、76.4%。土壤中因地膜的存在导致马铃薯减产且达显著水平,地膜残留量最高的减产幅度最大,减产14.5%,但是各处理间减产幅度与地膜残留量多少不成线性相关。残留地膜对马铃薯的生长及产量产生了明显的不良影响。
The potato was planted in nylon net bag with different levels of residual plastic film under field conditions,and at the harvesting stage the biomass, root index and yield of potato were measured in order to find out the effects of residual plastic film in soil on the growth and yield of potato. The dry and fresh weights of the ground and underground parts of potato were affected by the residual film in the soil, which was significantly different from that without the residual film treatment. The fresh and dry weight of potato had a downward trend when the amount of residual plastic film in soil increased. The effects of residual plastic film in soil on the root length, root surface area, root volume and the number of root tips were negative. When the residual plastic film content reached 180 kg/ha, the root length, root surface area, root volume and the number of root tips were 83.6%, 79.6%, 75.1%, and 76.4%, respectively, compared to the treatment without residual film. The existence of residual film in soil caused the potato yield decrease significantly.The potato yield was decreased by 14.5% when the level of residual film was the highest. However, no linear correlation was found between the yield and the residual amount of plastic film. The residual film has an obvious adverse effect on the growth and yield of potato.
The potato was planted in nylon net bag with different levels of residual plastic film under field conditions,and at the harvesting stage the biomass, root index and yield of potato were measured in order to find out the effects of residual plastic film in soil on the growth and yield of potato. The dry and fresh weights of the ground and underground parts of potato were affected by the residual film in the soil, which was significantly different from that without the residual film treatment. The fresh and dry weight of potato had a downward trend when the amount of residual plastic film in soil increased. The effects of residual plastic film in soil on the root length, root surface area, root volume and the number of root tips were negative. When the residual plastic film content reached 180 kg/ha, the root length, root surface area, root volume and the number of root tips were 83.6%, 79.6%, 75.1%, and 76.4%, respectively, compared to the treatment without residual film. The existence of residual film in soil caused the potato yield decrease significantly.The potato yield was decreased by 14.5% when the level of residual film was the highest. However, no linear correlation was found between the yield and the residual amount of plastic film. The residual film has an obvious adverse effect on the growth and yield of potato.
引文
[1]严昌荣,刘恩科,舒帆,等.我国地膜覆盖和残留污染特点与防控技术[J].农业资源与环境学报, 2014, 31(2):95-102.
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[3]王凯荣,崔明明,史衍玺.农业土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯污染研究进展[J].应用生态学报, 2013, 24(9):2699-2708.
[4]董合干.地膜残留对棉花产量影响的极限研究[D].石河子:石河子大学, 2013.
[5]刘建国,李彦斌,张伟,等.绿洲棉田长期连作下残膜分布及对棉花生长的影响[J].农业环境科学学报, 2010, 29(2):246-250.
[6]向振今,李秋洪,刘林森.农田土壤中残留地膜污染对玉米生长和产量影响的研究[J].农业环境保护, 1992, 11(4):179-180.
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[9]李江苏,袁卫东,骆丽英,等.农用地膜残留对水稻生长发育危害的初步研究[C]//中国农业生态环境保护协会农业部环境保护科研监测所.第三届全国农业环境科学学术研讨会论文集.北京:中国农业生态环境保护协会农业部环境保护科研监测所, 2009:29-34.
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[11]张建军,郭天文,樊廷录,等.农用地膜残留对玉米生长发育及土壤水分运移的影响[J].灌溉排水学报, 2014, 33(1):100-102.
[12]仲子文,赵海军,刘苹,等.可降解地膜残留碎片对小油菜生长和土壤性状的影响[J].江西农业学报, 2015, 27(12):107-109.
[13]高青海,陆晓民.残留地膜对番茄幼苗形态和生理特性的影响[J].热带亚热带植物学报, 2011, 19(5):425-429.
[14]徐康乐,米庆华,徐坤范,等.不同地膜覆盖对春季马铃薯生长及产量的影响[J].中国蔬菜, 2004(4):17-19.
[15]晋小军,李国琴,潘荣辉.甘肃高寒阴湿地区地膜覆盖对马铃薯产量的影响[J].中国马铃薯, 2004, 18(4):207-210.
[16]刘富强,张智芳,云庭.旱地地膜覆盖对马铃薯生物产量及商品薯率的影响[J].内蒙古农业科技, 2009(3):20-21.
[17]王连喜,钱蕊,曹宁,等.地膜覆盖对粉用马铃薯生长发育及产量的影响[J].作物杂志, 2011(5):68-72.
[18]刘鸿高,李建宾,顾才上,等.间作马铃薯覆盖不同地膜对土壤温湿度和产量的影响[J].云南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2017, 32(1):44-51.
[19]董合干,刘彤,李勇冠,等.新疆棉田地膜残留对棉花产量及土壤理化性质的影响[J].农业工程学报, 2013(8):91-99.
[20]解红娥,李永山,杨淑巧,等.农田残膜对土壤环境及作物生长发育的影响研究[J].农业环境科学学报, 2007(s1):153-156.
[21]孙文英,张生,刘德玉.残留地膜对农作物及土壤影响的研究[J].农业环境保护, 1989(5):19-21, 32.
[22]赵素荣,张书荣,徐霞,等.农膜残留污染研究[J].农业环境与发展, 1998, 57(3):7-10.
[23]南殿杰,解红娥,高两省,等.棉田残留地膜对土壤理化性状及棉花生长发育影响的研究[J].棉花学报, 1996, 8(1):50-54.
[2]梁志宏,王勇.我国农田地膜残留危害及防治研究综述[J].中国棉花, 2012, 39(1):3-8.
[3]王凯荣,崔明明,史衍玺.农业土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯污染研究进展[J].应用生态学报, 2013, 24(9):2699-2708.
[4]董合干.地膜残留对棉花产量影响的极限研究[D].石河子:石河子大学, 2013.
[5]刘建国,李彦斌,张伟,等.绿洲棉田长期连作下残膜分布及对棉花生长的影响[J].农业环境科学学报, 2010, 29(2):246-250.
[6]向振今,李秋洪,刘林森.农田土壤中残留地膜污染对玉米生长和产量影响的研究[J].农业环境保护, 1992, 11(4):179-180.
[7]武宗信,解红娥,任平合,等.残留地膜对土壤污染及棉花生长发育的影响[J].山西农业科学, 1995, 23(3):27-30.
[8]南殿杰,解红娥,高两省,等.棉田残留地膜对土壤理化性状及棉花生长发育影响的研究[J].棉花学报, 1996, 8(1):50-54.
[9]李江苏,袁卫东,骆丽英,等.农用地膜残留对水稻生长发育危害的初步研究[C]//中国农业生态环境保护协会农业部环境保护科研监测所.第三届全国农业环境科学学术研讨会论文集.北京:中国农业生态环境保护协会农业部环境保护科研监测所, 2009:29-34.
[10]辛静静,史海滨,李仙岳,等.残留地膜对玉米生长发育和产量影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报, 2014, 33(3):52-54.
[11]张建军,郭天文,樊廷录,等.农用地膜残留对玉米生长发育及土壤水分运移的影响[J].灌溉排水学报, 2014, 33(1):100-102.
[12]仲子文,赵海军,刘苹,等.可降解地膜残留碎片对小油菜生长和土壤性状的影响[J].江西农业学报, 2015, 27(12):107-109.
[13]高青海,陆晓民.残留地膜对番茄幼苗形态和生理特性的影响[J].热带亚热带植物学报, 2011, 19(5):425-429.
[14]徐康乐,米庆华,徐坤范,等.不同地膜覆盖对春季马铃薯生长及产量的影响[J].中国蔬菜, 2004(4):17-19.
[15]晋小军,李国琴,潘荣辉.甘肃高寒阴湿地区地膜覆盖对马铃薯产量的影响[J].中国马铃薯, 2004, 18(4):207-210.
[16]刘富强,张智芳,云庭.旱地地膜覆盖对马铃薯生物产量及商品薯率的影响[J].内蒙古农业科技, 2009(3):20-21.
[17]王连喜,钱蕊,曹宁,等.地膜覆盖对粉用马铃薯生长发育及产量的影响[J].作物杂志, 2011(5):68-72.
[18]刘鸿高,李建宾,顾才上,等.间作马铃薯覆盖不同地膜对土壤温湿度和产量的影响[J].云南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2017, 32(1):44-51.
[19]董合干,刘彤,李勇冠,等.新疆棉田地膜残留对棉花产量及土壤理化性质的影响[J].农业工程学报, 2013(8):91-99.
[20]解红娥,李永山,杨淑巧,等.农田残膜对土壤环境及作物生长发育的影响研究[J].农业环境科学学报, 2007(s1):153-156.
[21]孙文英,张生,刘德玉.残留地膜对农作物及土壤影响的研究[J].农业环境保护, 1989(5):19-21, 32.
[22]赵素荣,张书荣,徐霞,等.农膜残留污染研究[J].农业环境与发展, 1998, 57(3):7-10.
[23]南殿杰,解红娥,高两省,等.棉田残留地膜对土壤理化性状及棉花生长发育影响的研究[J].棉花学报, 1996, 8(1):50-54.