花期低温对水稻叶鞘生理及结实率的影响
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摘要
盆栽条件下,以耐冷性不同的2个水稻(Oryza sativa L.)品种龙稻5(耐冷型)和龙粳11(冷敏型)为材料,于开花期在人工气候室进行低温(15℃,分别持续1,2,3,4,5 d)处理,研究开花期低温对不同耐冷性水稻结实率及叶鞘膜透性、抗氧化酶等生理指标的影响。结果表明:低温处理2 d时,龙稻5和龙粳11的花粉活力分别下降了8.21%和16.10%,差异达极显著水平;低温处理3 d后,龙稻5的结实率下降到99.90%,与CK相比差异达到显著水平;低温处理1 d后,龙粳11的结实率下降到60.04%,与对照相比差异达到极显著水平。低温处理提高了水稻叶鞘相对电导率和脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量,处理5 d时各指标达最大值,与CK相比,龙稻15和龙粳11分别提高了38.01%和20.77%、25.06%和84.85%、25.82%和23.63%。同时低温处理也提高了叶鞘超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,处理3 d时酶活性达最大值,龙稻15和龙粳11分别较CK提高了10.57%和14.90%、86.26%和68.71%、17.73%和28.25%。综上所述,开花期低温引起水稻叶鞘膜脂过氧化程度升高,但也诱导水稻叶鞘抗氧化系统开启、保护酶活性上升以抵御低温伤害;开花期低温导致水稻花粉活力降低并引起结实率降低,耐冷品种较冷敏品种抵御能力强。
Two different cold tolerant rice(Oryza sativa L.) cultivars Longdao 5(cold tolerant) and Longjing 11(cold sensitive) were planted in a pot experiment, which was conducted to explore the influence of low temperature stress on the seed-setting rate and physiological characteristics such as membrane permeability, antioxidant enzyme activities in leaf sheath under low temperature stress(15℃ for 1,2,3,4,and 5 days) during flowering stage in growth chambers. The results showed that pollen viability of Longdao 5 and Longjing 11 was significantly decreased by 8.21% and 16.10%, respectively, after treating for 2 days under low temperature. The seed-setting rate of Longdao 5 was significantly decreased to 99.90% after treating for 3 d while Longjing 11 significantly decreased to 60.04% after only 1 d of treatment. The low temperature treatment significantly increased the relative conductivity and contents of proline and soluble protein in rice leaf sheath that peaked after treating for 5 days. The conductivity and contents of proline and soluble protein in Longdao 5 and Longjing 11 increased by 38.01% and 20.77%, 25.06% and 84.85%, 25.82% and 23.63%, respectively, over that of CK. The low temperature treatment also increased the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), and catalase(CAT) in leaf sheath, which reached maximum after treating for 3 days. Their contents in Longdao 5 and Longjing 11 increased by 10.57% and 14.90%, 86.26% and 68.71%, 17.73% and 28.25%, respectively, over CK. In summary, low temperature stress during flowering stage caused the increase of lipid peroxidation in rice sheath and induced the antioxidant production in rice sheath and increased the activity of protective enzymes to alleviate injury from the low temperature stress. The low temperature stress during flowering stage led to the decrease of pollen activity and seed setting rate, however, cold-tolerant varieties was more tolerant than cold-sensitive varieties.
Two different cold tolerant rice(Oryza sativa L.) cultivars Longdao 5(cold tolerant) and Longjing 11(cold sensitive) were planted in a pot experiment, which was conducted to explore the influence of low temperature stress on the seed-setting rate and physiological characteristics such as membrane permeability, antioxidant enzyme activities in leaf sheath under low temperature stress(15℃ for 1,2,3,4,and 5 days) during flowering stage in growth chambers. The results showed that pollen viability of Longdao 5 and Longjing 11 was significantly decreased by 8.21% and 16.10%, respectively, after treating for 2 days under low temperature. The seed-setting rate of Longdao 5 was significantly decreased to 99.90% after treating for 3 d while Longjing 11 significantly decreased to 60.04% after only 1 d of treatment. The low temperature treatment significantly increased the relative conductivity and contents of proline and soluble protein in rice leaf sheath that peaked after treating for 5 days. The conductivity and contents of proline and soluble protein in Longdao 5 and Longjing 11 increased by 38.01% and 20.77%, 25.06% and 84.85%, 25.82% and 23.63%, respectively, over that of CK. The low temperature treatment also increased the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), and catalase(CAT) in leaf sheath, which reached maximum after treating for 3 days. Their contents in Longdao 5 and Longjing 11 increased by 10.57% and 14.90%, 86.26% and 68.71%, 17.73% and 28.25%, respectively, over CK. In summary, low temperature stress during flowering stage caused the increase of lipid peroxidation in rice sheath and induced the antioxidant production in rice sheath and increased the activity of protective enzymes to alleviate injury from the low temperature stress. The low temperature stress during flowering stage led to the decrease of pollen activity and seed setting rate, however, cold-tolerant varieties was more tolerant than cold-sensitive varieties.
引文
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[20] 王立志,项洪涛,王连敏,等.不同水稻品种对孕穗期低温的敏感性分析[J].黑龙江农业科学,2014,(9):14-17.
[21] 王连敏.寒地水稻耐冷基础的研究(Ⅱ):小孢子阶段低温对水稻结实的影响[J].中国农业气象,1997,18(4):10-21.
[22] 叶昌荣,戴陆园,王建军,等.低温冷害影响水稻结实率的要因分析[J].西南农业大学学报,2000,22(4):307-309.
[23] 赵国珍,Yang S J,Yea J D,等.冷水胁迫对云南粳稻育成品种农艺性状的影响[J].云南农业大学学报,2010,25(2):158-165.
[24] 邓化冰,史建成,肖应辉,等.开花期低温胁迫对水稻剑叶保护酶活性和膜透性的影响[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2011,37(6):581-585.
[25] 刘涛,何霞红,李成云,等.不同低温处理对元阳梯田传统水稻品种孕穗期保护酶活性的影响[J].分子植物育种,2014,12(3):525-529.
[26] 李春燕,徐雯,刘立伟,等.低温条件下拔节期小麦叶片内源激素含量和抗氧化酶活性的变化[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(7):2015-2022.
[27] 赵江涛,李晓峰,李航,等.可溶性糖在高等植物代谢调节中的生理作用[J].安徽农业科学,2006,34(24):6423-6425.
[28] 刘祖琪,张石城.植物抗性生理学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1994,43-44.
[2] Almeida D M,Almadanim M C,Louren?o T,et al.Screening for abiotic stress tolerance in rice:salt,cold,and drought[J].Methods in Molecular Biology,2016,1398:155-182.
[3] Teixieira E I,Fischer G,Van Velthuizen H,et al.Global hot-spots of heat stress on agricultural crops due to climate change[J].Agric Forest Meteoral,2013,170:206-215.
[4] 任红茹,荆培培,胡宇翔,等.孕穗期低温对水稻生长及产量形成的影响[J].中国稻米,2017,23(4):56-62.
[5] Cheng C,Yun K Y,Ressom H W,et al.An early response regulatory cluster induced by low temperature and hydrogen peroxide in seedlings of chilling-tolerant japonica rice[J].Bmc Genomics,2007,8(1):175-192.
[6] Oliver S N,Dennis E S,Dolferus R.ABA regulates apoplastic sugar transport and is a potential signal for cold-induced pollen sterility in rice[J].Plant & Cell Physiology,2007,48(9):1319-1330.
[7] 王立志,孟英,项洪涛,等.黑龙江省水稻冷害发生情况及生理机制[J].黑龙江农业科学,2016,(4):144-150.
[8] 邓化冰,车芳璐,肖应辉,等.开花期低温胁迫对水稻花粉性状及剑叶理化特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(1):66-72.
[9] 项洪涛,王立志,王彤彤,等.孕穗期低温胁迫对水稻结实率及叶片生理特性的影响[J].农学学报,2016,32(11):1-7.
[10] 施大伟,张成军,陈国祥,等.低温对高产杂交稻抽穗期剑叶光合色素含量和抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,2006,22(2):40-44.
[11] 邓化冰,王天顺,肖应辉,等.低温对开花期水稻颖花保护酶活性和过氧化物积累的影响[J].华北农学报,2010,25(S2):62-67.
[12] Xiang H,Wang T,Zheng D,et al.ABA pretreatment enhances the chilling tolerance of a chilling-sensitive rice cultivar[J].Brazilian Journal of Botany,2017,40(4):853-860.
[13] 项洪涛,王彤彤,郑殿峰,等.孕穗期低温条件下ABA对水稻结实率及叶片生理特性的影响[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(36):16-23.
[14] 李合生,孙群,赵世杰,等.植物生理生化试验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:167-169;184-185.
[15] 张宪政.作物生理研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1992:201-202.
[16] 刘祖琪,张石城.植物抗寒分子生物学研究进展[J].南京农业大学学报,1993,16(1):113-120.
[17] Aakash C,Angelica L,Bj?rn O,et al.Global expression profiling of low temperature induced genes in the chilling tolerant Japonica Rice Jumli Marshi[J].Plos One,2013,8(12):e81729.
[18] Howell K A,Narsai R,Carroll A,et al.Mapping metabolic and transcript temporal switches during germination in rice highlights specific transcription factors and the role of RNA instability in the germination process[J].Plant Physiology,2009,149(2):961-980.
[19] Anderson M D,Prasad T K,Martin B A,et al.Differential gene expression in chilling-acclimated maize seedlings and evidence for the involvement of abscisic acid in chilling tolerance[J].Plant Physiology,1994,105(1):331.
[20] 王立志,项洪涛,王连敏,等.不同水稻品种对孕穗期低温的敏感性分析[J].黑龙江农业科学,2014,(9):14-17.
[21] 王连敏.寒地水稻耐冷基础的研究(Ⅱ):小孢子阶段低温对水稻结实的影响[J].中国农业气象,1997,18(4):10-21.
[22] 叶昌荣,戴陆园,王建军,等.低温冷害影响水稻结实率的要因分析[J].西南农业大学学报,2000,22(4):307-309.
[23] 赵国珍,Yang S J,Yea J D,等.冷水胁迫对云南粳稻育成品种农艺性状的影响[J].云南农业大学学报,2010,25(2):158-165.
[24] 邓化冰,史建成,肖应辉,等.开花期低温胁迫对水稻剑叶保护酶活性和膜透性的影响[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2011,37(6):581-585.
[25] 刘涛,何霞红,李成云,等.不同低温处理对元阳梯田传统水稻品种孕穗期保护酶活性的影响[J].分子植物育种,2014,12(3):525-529.
[26] 李春燕,徐雯,刘立伟,等.低温条件下拔节期小麦叶片内源激素含量和抗氧化酶活性的变化[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(7):2015-2022.
[27] 赵江涛,李晓峰,李航,等.可溶性糖在高等植物代谢调节中的生理作用[J].安徽农业科学,2006,34(24):6423-6425.
[28] 刘祖琪,张石城.植物抗性生理学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1994,43-44.