柳树叶饲料化调制加工技术研究
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摘要
为了探索垂柳(Salix babylonica)树叶的饲料化加工技术,在研究6个生育期(展叶期、开花初期、飞絮期、青绿期、枯黄期、落叶期)柳树叶营养物质含量变化的基础上,分别将其调制成青贮饲料,测定并比较不同生育期柳树叶制备青贮饲料的营养物质含量及发酵品质指标,并对枯黄期和落叶期树叶进行添加乳酸菌菌剂青贮对比试验。结果表明,根据原料营养物质判断,展叶期柳树叶营养品质与优质豆科牧草品质近似,但是随着生育期的延迟,柳树叶营养物质含量和饲用价值显著下降。将不同生育期柳树叶直接青贮之后,无品质改善效果,青贮饲料发酵品质差,饲用价值不大。但是,添加乳酸菌菌剂后调制的柳树叶青贮饲料发酵品质得到了显著改善。综上表明,柳树叶如果直接饲喂利用,最好选择在较为幼嫩的展叶期;如果开发利用其他生育期或枯落后的柳树叶,以添加乳酸菌菌剂调制成青贮饲料为好。
The objective of this study was to explore the feed processing technology of Salix babylonica leaves. Firstly, we characterized the changes of nutrient content of Salix babylonica leaves collected in six growth stages(leaf-expansion stage, early flowering stage, catkin flying stage, green stage, withered and yellow stage, and defoliation stage). Secondly, the nutrient content and fermentation quality of the silage products prepared with the leaves in six growth stages were determined and compared,respectively. Thirdly, the fermentation quality of the silage products prepared with the leaves in withered and yellow stage as well as defoliation stage with or without addition of lactic acid bacteria during fermentation process were compared, respectively. The results showed that from the perspective of nutrient content, the nutritional value of Salix babylonica leaves collected in leaf-expansion stage was similar to that of the high-quality leguminous forage; as the extension of growth stage, the nutrient content and feeding value of the leaves was decreased significantly. The silage products prepared with the leaves in six growth stages had no improvement in fermentation quality compared to the corresponding fresh leaves, and their feeding value was poor. However,the addition of lactic acid bacteria significantly improved the fermentation quality of the silage products prepared with the leaves in withered and yellow stage as well as defoliation stage. In conclusion, the Salix babylonica leaves in leaf-expansion stage are recommended to be fed to livestock directly; the leaves in other growth stages are recommended to be used as raw materials for preparation of silage with addition of lactic acid bacteria.
The objective of this study was to explore the feed processing technology of Salix babylonica leaves. Firstly, we characterized the changes of nutrient content of Salix babylonica leaves collected in six growth stages(leaf-expansion stage, early flowering stage, catkin flying stage, green stage, withered and yellow stage, and defoliation stage). Secondly, the nutrient content and fermentation quality of the silage products prepared with the leaves in six growth stages were determined and compared,respectively. Thirdly, the fermentation quality of the silage products prepared with the leaves in withered and yellow stage as well as defoliation stage with or without addition of lactic acid bacteria during fermentation process were compared, respectively. The results showed that from the perspective of nutrient content, the nutritional value of Salix babylonica leaves collected in leaf-expansion stage was similar to that of the high-quality leguminous forage; as the extension of growth stage, the nutrient content and feeding value of the leaves was decreased significantly. The silage products prepared with the leaves in six growth stages had no improvement in fermentation quality compared to the corresponding fresh leaves, and their feeding value was poor. However,the addition of lactic acid bacteria significantly improved the fermentation quality of the silage products prepared with the leaves in withered and yellow stage as well as defoliation stage. In conclusion, the Salix babylonica leaves in leaf-expansion stage are recommended to be fed to livestock directly; the leaves in other growth stages are recommended to be used as raw materials for preparation of silage with addition of lactic acid bacteria.
引文
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[3]曾文林.养猪树叶饲料简易加工调制方法[J].农家之友,2014(10):49.
[4]高素云,祖丽皮亚·阿不力孜,姑丽各娜·买买提依明,等.柳树叶中总黄酮含量测定[J].化学世界,2015,56(1):22-24.
[5]杨隽,李馨.现代养猪生产中的粪污处理[J].内蒙古畜牧科学,1998,29(3):20-22.
[6]徐成体,德科加.牧草捆裹青贮技术的试验研究[J].草业科学,1999,16(4):12-14.
[7]卫强,邵敏,周莉莉.柳树叶、茎挥发油成分及解热、抗菌作用研究[J].中药新药与临床药理,2016,27(3):404-412.
[8]林瑄.优良的木本饲料---旱柳树叶[J].饲料研究,1986(8):11.
[9]刘会娟.柞树叶、构树叶和柳树叶的营养成分分析及比较研究[J].辽宁农业职业技术学院学报,2013,15(4):1-2.