施肥对马铃薯淀粉废水灌溉农田的培肥效应
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摘要
为解决宁南山区马铃薯淀粉加工废水还田的施肥技术难题,以3年灌溉马铃薯加工淀粉废水农田土壤为对象,以青贮玉米为供试作物,利用田间试验探讨了不同施肥处理对马铃薯淀粉废水灌溉农田的土壤培肥效应和作物产量效应。结果表明,与对照不施肥相比,增施化肥或生物有机肥以及化肥与生物有机肥配施均对青贮玉米产量无显著影响。增施生物有机肥提高了0～20 cm土壤有机质、速效钾含量,20～40 cm土壤速效磷含量增加了1倍左右,同时也增加了0～60 cm剖面土壤碱解氮和全磷累积量,形成了40～60 cm土壤速效钾富集区。减施30%化肥配施生物有机肥(30%HF+WF)处理可显著提高0～60 cm剖面土壤全氮含量;各施肥处理之间0～60 cm剖面土壤全钾含量无显著差异。因此,在3年灌溉马铃薯加工淀粉废水农田土壤条件下种植青贮玉米,不施任何肥料能保证作物产量,但适量增施生物有机肥对土壤培肥和产量效应更好。
To solve the technical problems of fertilization on field with potato starch wastewater irrigation in southern mountainous region of Ningxia,taking farmland irrigated with potato processing starch wastewater for three years as the object and silage corn as the experimental crop,we explored the effects of different fertilization treatments on soil fertility and crop yield.The results indicated that:compared with the control(no fertilizer),there was no significant difference of silage corn yield under the application of chemical fertilizers,bio-organic fertilizers or combined application of chemical and bio-organic fertilizers;the application of bioorganic fertilizer could increase the content of soil organic matter and available potassium in 0-20 cm,approximately doubled the content of available phosphorus in 20-40 cm soil,and increased the alkalihydrolyzale nitrogen and total phosphorus accumulation in 0-60 cm soil,and formed available potassium enrichment zone in 40-60 cm soil;the total nitrogen content in 0-60 cm soil significantly increased under the treatment of chemical fertilizer reduction by 30%combined bio-organic fertilizer(30%HF+WF),however,there was no significant difference of total potassium content in 0-60 cm.Therefore,crop yield could be guaranteed under no fertilizer when silage corns are planted in farmland irrigated with potato processing starch wastewater for three years,but the improvement effects of soil fertility and yield could be better by applying suitable bio-organic fertilizer.
To solve the technical problems of fertilization on field with potato starch wastewater irrigation in southern mountainous region of Ningxia,taking farmland irrigated with potato processing starch wastewater for three years as the object and silage corn as the experimental crop,we explored the effects of different fertilization treatments on soil fertility and crop yield.The results indicated that:compared with the control(no fertilizer),there was no significant difference of silage corn yield under the application of chemical fertilizers,bio-organic fertilizers or combined application of chemical and bio-organic fertilizers;the application of bioorganic fertilizer could increase the content of soil organic matter and available potassium in 0-20 cm,approximately doubled the content of available phosphorus in 20-40 cm soil,and increased the alkalihydrolyzale nitrogen and total phosphorus accumulation in 0-60 cm soil,and formed available potassium enrichment zone in 40-60 cm soil;the total nitrogen content in 0-60 cm soil significantly increased under the treatment of chemical fertilizer reduction by 30%combined bio-organic fertilizer(30%HF+WF),however,there was no significant difference of total potassium content in 0-60 cm.Therefore,crop yield could be guaranteed under no fertilizer when silage corns are planted in farmland irrigated with potato processing starch wastewater for three years,but the improvement effects of soil fertility and yield could be better by applying suitable bio-organic fertilizer.
引文
[1]潘华.宁夏南部山区马铃薯淀粉加工废水处理与综合利用的措施与建议[J].宁夏党校学报,2007,9(5):83-86.
[2]潘华.宁夏南部山区马铃薯淀粉加工废水处理与污染现状调研[J].宁夏党校学报,2006,8(5):81-84.
[3]刘凌,崔明学,吴娜,等.马铃薯淀粉工业废水的环境影响与资源化利用[J].食品与发酵工业,2011,37(8):131-135.
[4]李树君,谢安,林亚玲,等.马铃薯淀粉废水处理技术[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(Z1):191-194.
[5]宰松梅,王朝辉,庞鸿宾.污水灌溉的现状与展望[J].土壤,2006,38(6):805-813.
[6]陈竹君,周建斌.污水灌溉在以色列农业中的应用[J].农业环境保护.2001,20(6):462-464.
[7]张艳玲,黄俊生.淀粉废水处理与资源化利用的研究现状与发展前景[J].江苏农业科学,2009(3):388-391.
[8]邵孝侯,彭世彰,陈毓陵,等.二十一世纪我国污水灌溉技术研究与推广展望[J].中国农村水利水电,1997(增刊):94-95.
[9]裴亮.污水灌溉对土壤质量的影响研究进展[J].水利水电技术,2010,41(10):61-64.
[10]冯绍元,齐志明,黄冠华,等.清、污水灌溉对冬小麦生长发育影响的田间试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2003,22(3):11-14.
[11]郭晓明,马腾,陈柳竹,等.污水灌溉区土壤肥力及酶活性特征研究[J].生态环境,2012,21(1):78-83.
[12]姜翠玲,夏自强.污水灌溉土壤及地下水三氮的变化动态分析[J].水科学进展,1997,8(2):183-188.
[13]萧月芳,卢兵友,李光德,等.啤酒厂废水灌溉对土壤性质的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,1997(4):149-152.
[14]商冉,李光德,曲衍波,等.啤酒废水灌溉对土壤微生物区系的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(27):8586-8588,8629.
[15]齐广平.生活污水灌溉对茄子生长效应的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2001,36(3):329-332.
[16]方海军,杨晓明,刘秉义,等.宁夏南部山区马铃薯淀粉加工废水农业利用试验[J].农业科学研究,2010,31(1):36-39,43.
[17]买玉斌,魏卫星.马铃薯淀粉加工废水农业灌溉对地下水的影响研究[J].科技信息,2012(30):478-479.
[18]夏伟立,罗安程,周焱,等.污水处理后灌溉对蔬菜产量、品质和养分吸收的影响[J].科技通报,2005,21(1):79-83.
[19]孟春香,郭建华,韩宝文.污水灌溉对作物产量及土壤质量的影响[J].河北农业科学,1999,3(2):15-17.
[20]齐志明,冯绍元,黄冠华,等.清、污水灌溉对夏玉米生长影响的田间试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2003,22(2):36-38.
[21]杨建国,黄冠华,黄权中,等.污水灌溉条件下草坪草耗水规律与灌溉制度初步研究[J].草地学报,2003,11(4):329-333.
[22]孟雷,左强.污水灌溉对冬小麦根长密度和根系吸水速率分布的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2003,22(4):25-29.
[23]黄爽,张仁铎,程晓如,等.石家庄污灌区污水灌溉技术的研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2003,22(5):29-34.
[24]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2002.
[25] Lee S.Y, Yang K.Y, Wang S.H. Use of response surface analysis in selective bioconversion of starch waste water to aceticacidusing a mixed cultureof anaerobes[J].Process Biochem,2004,39(9):1131-1135.
[26] Rajbhandari B K, Annachhatre A P. Anaerobicp on dstreatment of starch waste water:case study in Thailand[J].Bioresour Technol,2004,95(2):135-143.
[27] Kiravanich P. Pollution control in the tapioca starch industry in Thailand[M].National Environment Board. Bangkok, Thailand,1977.
[28] H.Marzec. Changer in chemical composition of soils as a result of irrigation with potato starch waste water[A].Chemistry for the protection of the Environment[M].New York:Plenum Press,1991:235-239.
[29]杜会英,冯洁,张克强,等.牛场肥水灌溉对冬小麦产量与氮利用效率及土壤硝态氮的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,22(5):356-359.
[30]郭海刚,杜会英,王风,等.规模化牛场废水灌溉对土壤水分和冬小麦产量品质的影响[J].生态环境,2012(8):1498-1502.
[31]殷永泉,单文坡,纪霞,等.淀粉废水处理方法综述[J].环境污染与防治,2005,27(8):625-629.
[32]王子戡,徐考群.浅谈中小型马铃薯淀粉厂污水处理方案[A].1999年全国包装与食品加工技术研讨会论文集[C].1999:163-166.
[33]关松荫,张德生,张志明.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:274-332.
[34]中国科学院南京土壤研究所微生物室.土壤微生物研究法[M].北京:科学出版社,1985.
[35]慕松,秉义,方海军,等.关于固原市“十一五”期间马铃薯产业发展几个问题的思考[J].宁夏农林科技,2006(5):50-51.
[2]潘华.宁夏南部山区马铃薯淀粉加工废水处理与污染现状调研[J].宁夏党校学报,2006,8(5):81-84.
[3]刘凌,崔明学,吴娜,等.马铃薯淀粉工业废水的环境影响与资源化利用[J].食品与发酵工业,2011,37(8):131-135.
[4]李树君,谢安,林亚玲,等.马铃薯淀粉废水处理技术[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(Z1):191-194.
[5]宰松梅,王朝辉,庞鸿宾.污水灌溉的现状与展望[J].土壤,2006,38(6):805-813.
[6]陈竹君,周建斌.污水灌溉在以色列农业中的应用[J].农业环境保护.2001,20(6):462-464.
[7]张艳玲,黄俊生.淀粉废水处理与资源化利用的研究现状与发展前景[J].江苏农业科学,2009(3):388-391.
[8]邵孝侯,彭世彰,陈毓陵,等.二十一世纪我国污水灌溉技术研究与推广展望[J].中国农村水利水电,1997(增刊):94-95.
[9]裴亮.污水灌溉对土壤质量的影响研究进展[J].水利水电技术,2010,41(10):61-64.
[10]冯绍元,齐志明,黄冠华,等.清、污水灌溉对冬小麦生长发育影响的田间试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2003,22(3):11-14.
[11]郭晓明,马腾,陈柳竹,等.污水灌溉区土壤肥力及酶活性特征研究[J].生态环境,2012,21(1):78-83.
[12]姜翠玲,夏自强.污水灌溉土壤及地下水三氮的变化动态分析[J].水科学进展,1997,8(2):183-188.
[13]萧月芳,卢兵友,李光德,等.啤酒厂废水灌溉对土壤性质的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,1997(4):149-152.
[14]商冉,李光德,曲衍波,等.啤酒废水灌溉对土壤微生物区系的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(27):8586-8588,8629.
[15]齐广平.生活污水灌溉对茄子生长效应的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2001,36(3):329-332.
[16]方海军,杨晓明,刘秉义,等.宁夏南部山区马铃薯淀粉加工废水农业利用试验[J].农业科学研究,2010,31(1):36-39,43.
[17]买玉斌,魏卫星.马铃薯淀粉加工废水农业灌溉对地下水的影响研究[J].科技信息,2012(30):478-479.
[18]夏伟立,罗安程,周焱,等.污水处理后灌溉对蔬菜产量、品质和养分吸收的影响[J].科技通报,2005,21(1):79-83.
[19]孟春香,郭建华,韩宝文.污水灌溉对作物产量及土壤质量的影响[J].河北农业科学,1999,3(2):15-17.
[20]齐志明,冯绍元,黄冠华,等.清、污水灌溉对夏玉米生长影响的田间试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2003,22(2):36-38.
[21]杨建国,黄冠华,黄权中,等.污水灌溉条件下草坪草耗水规律与灌溉制度初步研究[J].草地学报,2003,11(4):329-333.
[22]孟雷,左强.污水灌溉对冬小麦根长密度和根系吸水速率分布的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2003,22(4):25-29.
[23]黄爽,张仁铎,程晓如,等.石家庄污灌区污水灌溉技术的研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2003,22(5):29-34.
[24]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2002.
[25] Lee S.Y, Yang K.Y, Wang S.H. Use of response surface analysis in selective bioconversion of starch waste water to aceticacidusing a mixed cultureof anaerobes[J].Process Biochem,2004,39(9):1131-1135.
[26] Rajbhandari B K, Annachhatre A P. Anaerobicp on dstreatment of starch waste water:case study in Thailand[J].Bioresour Technol,2004,95(2):135-143.
[27] Kiravanich P. Pollution control in the tapioca starch industry in Thailand[M].National Environment Board. Bangkok, Thailand,1977.
[28] H.Marzec. Changer in chemical composition of soils as a result of irrigation with potato starch waste water[A].Chemistry for the protection of the Environment[M].New York:Plenum Press,1991:235-239.
[29]杜会英,冯洁,张克强,等.牛场肥水灌溉对冬小麦产量与氮利用效率及土壤硝态氮的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,22(5):356-359.
[30]郭海刚,杜会英,王风,等.规模化牛场废水灌溉对土壤水分和冬小麦产量品质的影响[J].生态环境,2012(8):1498-1502.
[31]殷永泉,单文坡,纪霞,等.淀粉废水处理方法综述[J].环境污染与防治,2005,27(8):625-629.
[32]王子戡,徐考群.浅谈中小型马铃薯淀粉厂污水处理方案[A].1999年全国包装与食品加工技术研讨会论文集[C].1999:163-166.
[33]关松荫,张德生,张志明.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:274-332.
[34]中国科学院南京土壤研究所微生物室.土壤微生物研究法[M].北京:科学出版社,1985.
[35]慕松,秉义,方海军,等.关于固原市“十一五”期间马铃薯产业发展几个问题的思考[J].宁夏农林科技,2006(5):50-51.