油菜稀植栽培的产量形成及投入/产出效益研究
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摘要
为探究山区油菜稀植栽培的推广价值,在湖北省西南部的恩施州设计实验,以甘蓝型油菜品种中油杂12和阳光2009为材料,比较了油菜稀植移栽(D1,1. 2万株/hm~2)和常规移栽(D2,12万株/hm~2)、密植直播(D2,37. 5万株/hm~2)三种不同种植方式对产量及经济效益的影响。结果表明,D1处理显著提高有效分枝数的数量,提高了株高,增加了茎粗,这些因素构成了产量提高的生物学基础。产量构成因素以单株角果数差异最为显著,D1单株角果数在3 000个以上,而D2为250～285个,D3为130～150个,同时,D1产量分别比D2、D3提高31. 27%、26. 63%,平均产量在3 000 kg/hm~2以上。试验结果还表明,D1所需人工投入较少,分别比D2、D3降低39. 5工/hm~2、42. 5工/hm~2,从而使经济效益分别增加7 543. 55元/hm~2、5 535. 73元/hm~2,可显著提高投入产出比。因此,在湖北省的山区条件下,稀植移栽可降低生产成本,提高经济效益。
To explore the popularization value of sparse transplanting of rapeseed in mountain area of Enshi,Hubei Province,effects of 3 different planting methods on yield and economic benefits were studied using two rapeseed cultivars of Zhongyouza 12 and Yangguang 2009. The 3 planting methods were sparse-transplanting( D1,1. 2× 104 plants/hm~2),conventional transplanting( D2,12 × 104 plants/hm~2) and condensed planting( D3,37. 5 ×104 plants/hm~2). Results showed that D1 treatment significantly increased the number of effective branches,plant height and stem diameter. These factors constituted a biological basis for high yield. Among the yield components,plant pod number showed the most significant difference. In D1,it was more than 3 000,250-285 in D2,and130-150 in D3. The yield in D1 was 31. 27% and 26. 63% higher than those of D2 and D3 respectively. The average yield in D1 was above 3 000 kg/hm~2. Results also showed that the labor cost of D1 was 39. 5/hm~2 and 42. 5/hm~2 less than those of D2 and D3 respectively. Therefore the economic benefits increased by 7 543. 55 yuan/hm~2 and 5 535. 73 yuan/hm~2 respectively. D1 treatment significantly increased the input-output ratio. It suggested that sparse-transplanting reduced production costs and increased economic benefits in mountain area.
To explore the popularization value of sparse transplanting of rapeseed in mountain area of Enshi,Hubei Province,effects of 3 different planting methods on yield and economic benefits were studied using two rapeseed cultivars of Zhongyouza 12 and Yangguang 2009. The 3 planting methods were sparse-transplanting( D1,1. 2× 104 plants/hm~2),conventional transplanting( D2,12 × 104 plants/hm~2) and condensed planting( D3,37. 5 ×104 plants/hm~2). Results showed that D1 treatment significantly increased the number of effective branches,plant height and stem diameter. These factors constituted a biological basis for high yield. Among the yield components,plant pod number showed the most significant difference. In D1,it was more than 3 000,250-285 in D2,and130-150 in D3. The yield in D1 was 31. 27% and 26. 63% higher than those of D2 and D3 respectively. The average yield in D1 was above 3 000 kg/hm~2. Results also showed that the labor cost of D1 was 39. 5/hm~2 and 42. 5/hm~2 less than those of D2 and D3 respectively. Therefore the economic benefits increased by 7 543. 55 yuan/hm~2 and 5 535. 73 yuan/hm~2 respectively. D1 treatment significantly increased the input-output ratio. It suggested that sparse-transplanting reduced production costs and increased economic benefits in mountain area.
引文
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[11]谢立华,余常兵,胡小加,等.高密度直播油菜氮磷钾肥推荐用量及影响因素[J].中国油料作物学报,2013,35(1):64-68.
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[13]官春云,陈社员,吴明亮.南方双季稻区冬油菜早熟品种选育和机械栽培研究进展[J].中国工程科学,2010,12(2):4-10.
[14]丁翔文,徐振兴.我国山区农业机械化发展分析[J].农业机械,2010,7(24):110-112.
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[16]沈世培,杨良金.对长江流域油菜高效栽培理论和技术的探索[J].安徽师范大学学报(自然科学版),2016,39(3):300-306.
[17]杨良金,张春雷,夏晓进,等.超低密度油菜田高效立体种植模式的研究与推广[J].湖北农业科学,2002,53(6):53-56.
[18]李迎春,汤天泽,刘念,等.四川盆地丘陵区不同直播密度对油菜农艺性状及产量的影响[J].现代农业科技,2016,11(9):11-13.
[19]钟丽.油菜产量与主要性状的灰色关联度分析[J].南方农业学报,2012,43(4):421-42.
[20]董晓芳,田保明,姚永芳,等.密度对油菜品种机械化收获特性的影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(3):71-74.
[21]傅寿仲.双低油菜核心竞争力研究———油菜栽培及其成本效益分析[J].中国油料作物学报,2004,26(3):100-104.
[22]曹玉洪,陶有祥,夏桂英,等.油菜超稀植栽培增产效果及有关问题的探讨[J].安徽农业科学,1998,36(4):312-313.
[23]梅少华,查向斌,段志红,等.不同种植方式对油菜产量及经济效益的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2009,48(10):2 386-2 388.
[24]王寅.直播和移栽冬油菜氮磷钾肥施用效果的差异及机理研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2014.
[25]张春雷,李俊,余利平,等.油菜不同栽培方式的投入产出比较研究[J].中国油料作物学报,2010,32(1):57-64.
[26]薛亮.从农业规模经营看中国特色农业现代化道路[J].农业经济问题,2008,29(6):4-9.
[2]傅寿仲,戚存扣,浦惠明,等.中国油菜栽培科学技术的发展[J].中国油料作物学报,2006,28(1):86-91.
[3] Roques S E,Berry P M. The yield response of oilseedrape to plant population density[J]. J Agr Sci,2016,154(2):305-320.
[4]浦惠明,龙卫华,高建芹.油菜全程机械化生产配套农艺技术研究Ⅰ.不同播期和密度对直播油菜产量和经济性状的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2009,48(3):48-51.
[5]帅海洪,丁秋凡,陈卫江,等.双季稻区油菜移栽与直播性状比较研究[J].湖南农业科学,2010,1(1):28-30.
[6]李必钦,盛德贤,黄光昱,等.施氮量和种植密度对“中油杂12”产量等性状影响的研究[J].安徽农学通报,2006,12(9):83-85.
[7]马霓,肖圣元,张明海,等.栽培方式对油菜中双11生长及收获特性的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2011,50(2):244-247.
[8]袁卫红.直播密度对油菜产量、农艺性状及抗性的影响[J].江西农业学报,2008,20(10):37-38.
[9] Zhang S J,Liao X,Zhang C L,et al. Influences of plantdensity on the seed yield and oil content of winter oilseedrape(Brassica napus L.)[J]. Ind Crop Prod,2012,11(40):27-32.
[10]王寅,鲁剑巍,李小坤,等.移栽和直播油菜的氮肥施用效果及适宜施氮量[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(21):4 406-4 414.
[11]谢立华,余常兵,胡小加,等.高密度直播油菜氮磷钾肥推荐用量及影响因素[J].中国油料作物学报,2013,35(1):64-68.
[12]苏伟,鲁剑巍,周广生,等.免耕及直播密度对油菜生长、养分吸收和产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(7):1 519-1 526.
[13]官春云,陈社员,吴明亮.南方双季稻区冬油菜早熟品种选育和机械栽培研究进展[J].中国工程科学,2010,12(2):4-10.
[14]丁翔文,徐振兴.我国山区农业机械化发展分析[J].农业机械,2010,7(24):110-112.
[15]恩施统计年鉴[OL]. http://tjj. enshi. gov. cn/2017/1208/607204. shtml.
[16]沈世培,杨良金.对长江流域油菜高效栽培理论和技术的探索[J].安徽师范大学学报(自然科学版),2016,39(3):300-306.
[17]杨良金,张春雷,夏晓进,等.超低密度油菜田高效立体种植模式的研究与推广[J].湖北农业科学,2002,53(6):53-56.
[18]李迎春,汤天泽,刘念,等.四川盆地丘陵区不同直播密度对油菜农艺性状及产量的影响[J].现代农业科技,2016,11(9):11-13.
[19]钟丽.油菜产量与主要性状的灰色关联度分析[J].南方农业学报,2012,43(4):421-42.
[20]董晓芳,田保明,姚永芳,等.密度对油菜品种机械化收获特性的影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(3):71-74.
[21]傅寿仲.双低油菜核心竞争力研究———油菜栽培及其成本效益分析[J].中国油料作物学报,2004,26(3):100-104.
[22]曹玉洪,陶有祥,夏桂英,等.油菜超稀植栽培增产效果及有关问题的探讨[J].安徽农业科学,1998,36(4):312-313.
[23]梅少华,查向斌,段志红,等.不同种植方式对油菜产量及经济效益的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2009,48(10):2 386-2 388.
[24]王寅.直播和移栽冬油菜氮磷钾肥施用效果的差异及机理研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2014.
[25]张春雷,李俊,余利平,等.油菜不同栽培方式的投入产出比较研究[J].中国油料作物学报,2010,32(1):57-64.
[26]薛亮.从农业规模经营看中国特色农业现代化道路[J].农业经济问题,2008,29(6):4-9.