施氮量和直播密度互作对水稻产量形成特征的影响
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摘要
【目的】旨在阐明施氮量和直播密度互作对水稻产量形成特征的影响。【方法】以优质食味粳稻南粳9108为试验材料,设置4个施氮量处理,即N_1(0kg/hm~2)、N_2(150kg/hm~2)、N_3(225kg/hm~2)、N_4(300kg/hm~2),5个直播密度处理,即D_1(90×10~4/hm~2)、D_2(180×10~4/hm~2)、D_3(270×10~4/hm~2)、D_4(360×10~4/hm~2)、D_5(450×10~4/hm~2)。【结果】随施氮量增加,机直播稻产量增加。在N_1、N_2和N_3施氮量下,机直播稻产量随直播密度增加先增后降,分别在D_4、D_3和D_2密度下获得最高产量,其最高产量分别为6.74、7.78和8.93 t/hm~2;在N_4施氮量下,水稻产量随直播密度增加而降低,在D_1密度下获得最高产量,为9.55 t/hm~2。不同施氮量下采用适宜直播密度可以提高水稻产量,其中N_4施氮量配套D_1直播密度机直播稻产量最高,其有效穗数适宜,穗型较大,生育中后期LAI较大、光合势高,生育后期群体生长率、净同化率和干物质积累量等指标均较优。【结论】机直播稻在300 kg/hm~2的高氮水平下易取得高产,配套适宜直播密度可进一步提高水稻产量,但从稻田绿色生产和节本增效角度考虑,机直播稻适当降低施氮量至225 kg/hm~2,配套180×10~4/hm~2直播密度仍可获得9 t/hm~2左右的产量,也值得推广。
【Objective】To reveal the effects of interaction between nitrogen application rate and direct-sowing density on yield formation characteristics of rice, 【Method】 Nanjing 9108, a japonica cultivar with good taste, was used as the experimental material. We designed four nitrogen application rates, namely N_1(0 kg/hm~2), N_2(150 kg/hm~2), N_3(225 kg/hm~2), N_4(300 kg/hm~2), and five direct-sowing densities, namely D_1(90×10~4/hm~2), D_2(180×10~4/hm~2), D_3(270×10~4/hm~2),D_4(360×10~4/hm~2), D_5(450×10~4/hm~2). 【Result】The rice yield increased with the increase of nitrogen rate. Under the nitrogen application rate of N_1, N_2, N_3, the grain yield of rice was first increased and then decreased with the increase of direct-sowing density. Under these nitrogen application rates, the highest yield was 6.74 t/hm~2, 7.78 t/hm~2, 8.93 t/hm~2,respectively, which was obtained at the direct-sowing densities of D_4, D_3, D_2. Under the nitrogen rate of N_4, the yield decreased with the increase of direct-sowing density, and the highest yield was 9.55 t/hm~2, which was obtained at the direct-sowing density of D_1. Appropriate direct-sowing densities under different nitrogen application rates can improve rice yield, among which the yield of N_4D_1 was the highest, due to its moderate number of stems and tillers, large panicle type and LAI in the mid-and late-growth stages, high photosynthetic potential and crop growth rate, superior net assimilation rate and dry matter weight in the later growth. 【Conclusion】Under the high nitrogen rate of 300 kg/hm~2,mechanical direct-sowing rice can easily achieve high yield, and appropriate direct-sowing density can further improve rice yield. However, given green production and cost saving and efficiency increasing, to reduce the nitrogen rate to 225 kg/hm~2, and the direct-sowing density to 180×10~4/hm~2 can still obtain yield around 9 t/hm~2, which is also worthy of promotion.
【Objective】To reveal the effects of interaction between nitrogen application rate and direct-sowing density on yield formation characteristics of rice, 【Method】 Nanjing 9108, a japonica cultivar with good taste, was used as the experimental material. We designed four nitrogen application rates, namely N_1(0 kg/hm~2), N_2(150 kg/hm~2), N_3(225 kg/hm~2), N_4(300 kg/hm~2), and five direct-sowing densities, namely D_1(90×10~4/hm~2), D_2(180×10~4/hm~2), D_3(270×10~4/hm~2),D_4(360×10~4/hm~2), D_5(450×10~4/hm~2). 【Result】The rice yield increased with the increase of nitrogen rate. Under the nitrogen application rate of N_1, N_2, N_3, the grain yield of rice was first increased and then decreased with the increase of direct-sowing density. Under these nitrogen application rates, the highest yield was 6.74 t/hm~2, 7.78 t/hm~2, 8.93 t/hm~2,respectively, which was obtained at the direct-sowing densities of D_4, D_3, D_2. Under the nitrogen rate of N_4, the yield decreased with the increase of direct-sowing density, and the highest yield was 9.55 t/hm~2, which was obtained at the direct-sowing density of D_1. Appropriate direct-sowing densities under different nitrogen application rates can improve rice yield, among which the yield of N_4D_1 was the highest, due to its moderate number of stems and tillers, large panicle type and LAI in the mid-and late-growth stages, high photosynthetic potential and crop growth rate, superior net assimilation rate and dry matter weight in the later growth. 【Conclusion】Under the high nitrogen rate of 300 kg/hm~2,mechanical direct-sowing rice can easily achieve high yield, and appropriate direct-sowing density can further improve rice yield. However, given green production and cost saving and efficiency increasing, to reduce the nitrogen rate to 225 kg/hm~2, and the direct-sowing density to 180×10~4/hm~2 can still obtain yield around 9 t/hm~2, which is also worthy of promotion.
引文
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