再论面向智能时代的新知识观——与何克抗教授商榷
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摘要
人类社会正从网络时代快速迈向智能时代,知识和学习发生着巨大的变化。一种新知识观开始逐渐形成,这种新知识观将知识划分为软知识和硬知识。这种划分不仅合理,而且必要,具有十分重要的价值和意义。区分软、硬知识最主要的指标是知识在三个层面上的稳定性,软知识是"正在形成过程中的知识",是亿万网民共同建构的知识,它的出现与网络和信息技术的发展密切相关,不仅数量越来越多,重要性也在逐渐升高;与之相对应的硬知识的重要性则逐渐下降。未来硬知识将更多地被智能机器人所掌握,人类应该将更多的精力放在对软知识的建构上。学习软知识应采取新建构主义理论所主张的零存整取式学习策略。同时,针对何克抗教授对新知识观的质疑进行了回应,认为新知识观的提出是中外学者共同努力的结果,而不是西方学者的专利。
Human society is moving from the network age to the intelligent age rapidly, and great changes have taken place in knowledge and learning. A new view of knowledge began to take shape. This New Perspective on Knowledge divides knowledge in-to soft knowledge and hard knowledge. This kind of division is not only reasonable, and necessary, have very important value and meaning. The most important index to distinguish soft and hard knowledge is the stability of knowledge at three levels. Soft knowledge is "knowledge in the process of formation", which is jointly constructed by hundreds of millions of Internet users. Its appearance is closely related to the development of network and information technology. Soft knowledge is not only increasing in quantity but also in importance. Correspondingly, the importance of hard knowledge declines gradually. In the future, hard knowledge will be more mastered by intelligent robots, and human beings should pay more attention to the construction of soft knowledge. In learning soft knowl-edge, we should adopt the learning strategy of Fixed Deposit by Installments advocated by New Constructivism. This paper attempts to answer the questions raised by professor He Kekang about the New Perspective on Knowledge, and holds that the New Perspective on Knowledge is the result of the joint efforts of Chinese and foreign scholars, rather than the patent of western scholars.
Human society is moving from the network age to the intelligent age rapidly, and great changes have taken place in knowledge and learning. A new view of knowledge began to take shape. This New Perspective on Knowledge divides knowledge in-to soft knowledge and hard knowledge. This kind of division is not only reasonable, and necessary, have very important value and meaning. The most important index to distinguish soft and hard knowledge is the stability of knowledge at three levels. Soft knowledge is "knowledge in the process of formation", which is jointly constructed by hundreds of millions of Internet users. Its appearance is closely related to the development of network and information technology. Soft knowledge is not only increasing in quantity but also in importance. Correspondingly, the importance of hard knowledge declines gradually. In the future, hard knowledge will be more mastered by intelligent robots, and human beings should pay more attention to the construction of soft knowledge. In learning soft knowl-edge, we should adopt the learning strategy of Fixed Deposit by Installments advocated by New Constructivism. This paper attempts to answer the questions raised by professor He Kekang about the New Perspective on Knowledge, and holds that the New Perspective on Knowledge is the result of the joint efforts of Chinese and foreign scholars, rather than the patent of western scholars.
引文
[1]何克抗.也论“新知识观”———到底是否存在“软知识”与“硬知识”[J].中国教育科学,2018(2):36-44.
[2]知识.辞海之家[EB/OL].[2019-2-25]. http://www.cihai123.com/cidian/1062577.html,
[3]郭文革.教育的“技术”发展史[J].北京大学教育评论, 2011(3):137-192.
[4][13]郭文革.媒介技术:一种“长时段”的教育史研究框架[J].教育学术月刊,2018(9):3-15.
[5][7]王竹立.面向智能时代的知识观与学习观新论[J].远程教育杂志,2017(3):3-10.
[6]王竹立.新建构主义:网络时代的学习理论[J].远程教育杂志,2011(2):11-18.
[8][11] G·西蒙斯,詹青龙译.网络时代的知识和学习—走向连通[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2009,5:19.
[9][12]王竹立.今晚,我们和西蒙斯面对面.王竹立博客[EB/OL].[2018-12-27]. http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4bff4c090100wuqg.html.
[10]王竹立.重新认识知识和学习[J].企业文明,2017(6):26-28.
[2]知识.辞海之家[EB/OL].[2019-2-25]. http://www.cihai123.com/cidian/1062577.html,
[3]郭文革.教育的“技术”发展史[J].北京大学教育评论, 2011(3):137-192.
[4][13]郭文革.媒介技术:一种“长时段”的教育史研究框架[J].教育学术月刊,2018(9):3-15.
[5][7]王竹立.面向智能时代的知识观与学习观新论[J].远程教育杂志,2017(3):3-10.
[6]王竹立.新建构主义:网络时代的学习理论[J].远程教育杂志,2011(2):11-18.
[8][11] G·西蒙斯,詹青龙译.网络时代的知识和学习—走向连通[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2009,5:19.
[9][12]王竹立.今晚,我们和西蒙斯面对面.王竹立博客[EB/OL].[2018-12-27]. http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4bff4c090100wuqg.html.
[10]王竹立.重新认识知识和学习[J].企业文明,2017(6):26-28.