大斜度井旋转钻柱横向振动规律比例实验研究
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摘要
针对振动引起的钻柱磨损与失效等问题,利用钻柱动力学实验装置测量了大斜度旋转钻柱的横向振动情况,通过快速傅里叶变换对振动频率进行了分析,并根据钻柱振动位移数据计算了振动加速度,定量研究了不同转速和钻压下的横向振动规律。实验结果表明:低转速时横向振动频率等于激振频率;高转速条件下观察到钻柱"次生摆动",同一运动周期内钻柱摆动次数增加,该现象导致钻柱横向振动频率加倍,横向振动加速度上升;随着钻压的增大,钻柱摆动平均加速度保持稳定,但钻柱横向振动频率减小,无因次频率从2降为1,表明高钻压对高转速下产生的次生摆动起抑制作用。
Aiming at problems of severe wear and failure of drill strings caused by vibration, transverse vibrations of a rotary drill string in a highly deviated well were measured with a drill string dynamic simulation device. Its vibration frequencies were analyzed using the fast Fourier transform and its vibration accelerations were calculated with data of the drill string vibration displacements. The drill string's transverse vibration laws were studied quantitatively under different rotary speeds and weight on bit(WOB). The test results indicated that the drill string's transverse vibration frequency is equal to the excitation frequency at low rotary speed; the secondary swing is observed at high rotary speed, the drill string swing number increases in a motion cycle to cause doubling of its transverse vibration frequency and rising of its vibration acceleration; with increase in WOB, its swing average acceleration keeps stable, but its transverse vibration frequency decreases, and its dimensionless frequency is reduced from 2 to 1, so high WOB can suppress the secondary swing generated at high rotary speed.
Aiming at problems of severe wear and failure of drill strings caused by vibration, transverse vibrations of a rotary drill string in a highly deviated well were measured with a drill string dynamic simulation device. Its vibration frequencies were analyzed using the fast Fourier transform and its vibration accelerations were calculated with data of the drill string vibration displacements. The drill string's transverse vibration laws were studied quantitatively under different rotary speeds and weight on bit(WOB). The test results indicated that the drill string's transverse vibration frequency is equal to the excitation frequency at low rotary speed; the secondary swing is observed at high rotary speed, the drill string swing number increases in a motion cycle to cause doubling of its transverse vibration frequency and rising of its vibration acceleration; with increase in WOB, its swing average acceleration keeps stable, but its transverse vibration frequency decreases, and its dimensionless frequency is reduced from 2 to 1, so high WOB can suppress the secondary swing generated at high rotary speed.
引文
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[2] 闫向宏,孙建孟,张美玲,等.钻柱扭转和纵向振动的等效网络分析[J].工程力学,2011(2):229-233.YAN Xianghong,SUN Jianmeng,ZHANG Meiling,et al.Analysis of torsional and longitudinal vibration of drill string using equivalent network[J].Engineering Mechanics,2011(2):229-233.
[3] 李子丰,张永贵,侯绪田,等.钻柱纵向和扭转振动分析[J].工程力学,2004(6):203-210.LI Zifeng,ZHANG Yonggui,HOU Xutian,et al.Analysis of longitudinal and torsion vibration of drillstring[J].Engineering Mechanics,2004(6):203-210.
[4] 韩春杰,阎铁,毕雪亮,等.钻柱横向振动规律及应用[J].大庆石油学院学报,2004,28(1):14-16.HAN Chunjie,YAN Tie,BI Xueliang,et al.Rules and their application of drilling string lateral vibration[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2004,28(1):14-16.
[5] LIAN Zhanghua,ZHANG Qiang,LIN Tiejun,et al.Experimental and numerical study of drill string dynamics in gas drilling of horizontal wells[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2015,27:1412-1420.
[6] 韩春杰,阎铁,毕雪亮,等.深井钻柱振动规律的分析及应用[J].天然气工业,2005(9):76-79.HAN Chunjie,YAN Tie,BI Xueliang,et al.Analysis on drill string vibration of deep wells[J].Natural Gas Industry,2005(9):76-79.
[7] 祝效华,刘清友,童华.三维井眼全井钻柱系统动力学模型研究[J].石油学报,2008,29(2):288-291.ZHU Xiaohua,LIU Qingyou,TONG Hua.Research on dynamics model of full hole drilling-string system with three-dimensional trajectory[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(2):288-291.
[8] MACPHERSON J D,MASON J S,KINGMAN J E E.Surface measurement and analysis of drillstring vibrations while drilling[C]//SPE/IADC Drilling Conference.Society of Petroleum Engineers,1993.
[9] WOLF S F,ZACKSENHOUSE M,ARIAN A.Field measurements of downhole drillstring vibrations[C]//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition.Society of Petroleum Engineers,1985.
[10] 闫铁,韩春杰,毕雪亮.斜井眼内钻柱轴向振动的有限元分析[J].石油钻探技术,2006(4):5-8.YAN Tie,HAN Chunjie,BI Xueliang.The finite element analysis on axial vibration of drill string in deviated wells[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2006(4):5-8.
[11] 闫铁,王雪刚,李杉,等.钻柱轴向与横向耦合振动的有限元分析[J].石油矿场机械,2012(3):39-42.YAN Tie,WANG Xuegang,LI Shan,et al.Finite element analysis of longitudinal and lateral coupled vibration of drillstring[J].Oil Field Equipment,2012(3):39-42.
[12] 章扬烈.钻柱运动学与动力学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001:30-89.
[13] 管志川,靳彦欣,王以法.直井底部钻柱运动状态的实验研究[J].石油学报,2003,24(6):102-106.GUAN Zhichuan,JIN Yanxin,WANG Yifa.Experimental research on motion behavior of bottom drill string in straight hole[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2003,24(6):102-106.
[14] 韩春杰,阎铁.气体钻水平井的钻柱振动分析[J].天然气工业,2009(7):45-47.HAN Chunjie,YAN Tie.An analysis of the drill string vibration during gas drilling of horizontal wells[J].Natural Gas Industry,2009(7):45-47.
[15] 邵冬冬,管志川,温欣,等.水平旋转钻柱横向振动特性试验[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2013,37(4):100-103.SHAO Dongdong,GUAN Zhichuan,WEN Xin,et al.Experiment on lateral vibration characteristics of horizontal rotary drilling string[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum (Edition of Natural Science),2013,37(4):100-103.
[16] 韩春杰,阎铁.大位移井钻柱振动规律研究与应用[J].天然气工业,2006(5):72-74.HAN Chunjie,YAN Tie.Study on drill string vibrations in extended reach wells and its application[J].Natural Gas Industry,2006(5):72-74.
[17] 李之光.相似与模化:理论及应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1982.
[18] 史玉才,苑燕燕,武春芳.应用相似方法模拟研究底部钻具组合的公转运动规律[J].广西大学学报(自然科学版),2006,31(B06):159-162.SHI Yucai,YUAN Yanyan,WU Chunfang.Setting up a simulate device on motion behavior of bottom-hole assembly according to similitude principles[J].Journal of Guangxi University (Natural Science Edition),2006,31(B06):159-162.
[19] 邵冬冬,管志川,温欣,等.水平井段旋转钻进时钻头侧向力及钻进趋势试验研究[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2014(3):61-67.SHAO Dongdong,GUAN Zhichuan,WEN Xin,et al.Experimental study on bit side force and drilling tendency in a horizontal well using rotary drilling technique[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2014(3):61-67.
[20] 管志川,邵冬冬,温欣,等.水平井眼中旋转钻柱运动特性的实验研究[J].工程力学,2013(5):340-345.GUAN Zhichuan,SHAO Dongdong,WEN Xin,et al.Experimental research on motion states of bottom drilling string in horizontal well[J].Engineering Mechanics,2013(5):340-345.