道路平、纵线形组合路段错视觉评价
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摘要
为了量化评价道路平、纵线形组合路段的驾驶人错视觉,以提高平、纵组合路段驾驶安全水平,提出了用车辆行驶轨迹指标来评价驾驶人错视觉的方法。选择正交试验方法设计道路实验参数,应用仿真软件UC-win/road建立了道路几何参数与驾驶人错视觉之间的仿真模型;利用驾驶仿真模拟完成仿真实验,并进行实验数据的采集与分析;研究了视距、半径、纵坡坡度、缓和曲线长度和转角角度对驾驶人错视觉的影响,并建立了回归方程。从正交试验的极差分析可以看出,道路几何参数与驾驶人的错视觉之间存在较强的相关性,选择合理的道路几何参数对组合路段错视觉的削弱幅度可达10%~50%。对西部某山区高速公路的平、纵组合路段道路几何参数进行评价。分析表明,最容易让驾驶人产生错视觉的路段为不设超高的平曲线路段,从总体来看,凸曲线路段较凹曲线路段更容易让驾驶人产生错视觉。
In order to quantify the drivers' misperception and improve the safety level on horizontal road combined with vertical curves,this paper use the index of vehicles' wheel path to evaluate the drivers' misperception.Using the orthogonal experimental design to choose the road test parameters,this paper also uses the simulation software UC-win/road to build simulation models based on the road geometric elements and the drivers' misperception.The driving simulation data was collected and analyzed.The effects of sight distance,radius,longitudinalslope,spirals and road angle on the drivers' misperception were studied and regression models were built.From the range analysis of the orthogonal experiments,it can be seen the road geometric elements and the drivers' misperception are closely related.Choosing the suggested value given by this study could decrease maximum of the drivers' misperception by 10%-50%.This paper also evaluated the road geometric elements of some highway horizontal and vertical combination sections in western mountainous area.The analysis shows that the most likely cause to the drivers' misperception are the roads without super flat curves.Overall,curves combined with crest curves are more likely to cause the drivers' misperception than curves combined with sag curves.
In order to quantify the drivers' misperception and improve the safety level on horizontal road combined with vertical curves,this paper use the index of vehicles' wheel path to evaluate the drivers' misperception.Using the orthogonal experimental design to choose the road test parameters,this paper also uses the simulation software UC-win/road to build simulation models based on the road geometric elements and the drivers' misperception.The driving simulation data was collected and analyzed.The effects of sight distance,radius,longitudinalslope,spirals and road angle on the drivers' misperception were studied and regression models were built.From the range analysis of the orthogonal experiments,it can be seen the road geometric elements and the drivers' misperception are closely related.Choosing the suggested value given by this study could decrease maximum of the drivers' misperception by 10%-50%.This paper also evaluated the road geometric elements of some highway horizontal and vertical combination sections in western mountainous area.The analysis shows that the most likely cause to the drivers' misperception are the roads without super flat curves.Overall,curves combined with crest curves are more likely to cause the drivers' misperception than curves combined with sag curves.
引文
[1] 王福建,魏晓冬,张郃生,等.平竖重合路段的弯道错视觉及其对交通事故的影响[J].中国公路学报,2009,22(3):40-44.Wang Fujian,Wei Xiaodong,Zhang Hesheng,et al.Curve illusion resulted from combination of horizontal andvertical curves and its influence on traffic accidents[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2009,22(3):40-44.(in Chinese)
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[9] Hasan M,Sayed T,HassanY.Influence of verticalalignmentonhorizontal curve perception:effect of spirals and position of verticalcurve[J].Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering,2005,32(1):204-212.
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[11]Hassan Y,ASCE M,Sarhan M.Operational effects of drivers’misperceptionof horizontal curvature[J].Journal of Transportation Engineering,2012,138(11):1314-1320.
[12]Tsui Moreno A,Garcia Alfredo,Camacho-Torregrosa F J,et al.Influence of highway three-dimensional coordinationon drivers’perception of horizontal curvature andavailable sight distance[J].IET Intelligent Transport Systems,2013,7(2):244-250.
[13]Bella F.The evaluation of design consistency:predicting models of operating speed on three-dimensional alignment from tests on driving simulator[C]//3rd International Symposium on Highway Geometric Design.Washington,DC,USA:TRID,2005:155-161.
[14]林涛.山区公路曲线段车辆加速度及轨迹研究[D].上海:同济大学,2008.Lin Tao.Vehicle Acceleration and Driving Track Research of Sharp Curves in Mountainous Highway[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2008.(in Chinese)
[15]于海,张兰芳,李迪.山区低等级公路弯道行车速度对行车轨迹的影响[J].交通科学与工程,2006,28(4):17-23.Yu Hai,Zhang Lanfang,Li Di.The impact of driving speed on driving trackon low-grade highways in mountain area[J].Journal of Transport Science and Engineering,2006,28(4):17-23.(in Chinese)
[16]赵敏,潘晓东,杨轸.双车道公路平曲线段行车轨迹偏移实验研究[J].公路工程,2011,36(2):161-164.Zhao Min,Pan Xiaodong,Yang Zhen.Experimental research on running track on curve of two-lane highway[J].Highway Engineering,2011,36(2):161-164.(in Chinese)
[17]林雨,牛建峰,徐颖.双车道公路弯道行车轨迹特性研究[J].公路交通科技,2011,28(3):113-117.Lin Yu,Niu Jianfeng,Xu Ying.Study on characteristics of vehicle path in curves on two-lane highways[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2011,28(3):113-117.(in Chinese)
[18]徐进.道路几何设计对车辆行驶特性的影响机理研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2009.Xu Jin.Effects of Change in Road Geometry Design on Vehicle Driving Dynamics[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2009.(in Chinese)
[2] Zegeer C V,Stewart J R,Council F M,et al.Safety effects of geometric improvements on horizontalcurves[J].Transportation Research Record,1992(1356):11-19.
[3] 吴立新,席建峰,张宝南.基于行驶轨迹的双车道公路弯道路段交通安全特性研究[J].公路,2011,9(9):8-11.Wu Lixin,Xi Jianfeng,Zhang Baonan.A study on traffic safety characteristics of curved sectionof two-lane highway based on driving track[J].Highway,2011,9(9):8-11.(in Chinese)
[4] 李小健,刘东台.错视觉产生的神经机制[J].心理科学进展,2008,16(4):555-561.Li Xiaojian,Liu Dongtai.Neural mechanisms for the occurrence of visual illusions[J].Advances in Psychological Science,2008,16(4):555-561.(in Chinese)
[5] Wang Fujian,Easa S M.Validation of perspective-view concept forestimating road horizontal curvature[J].Journal of Transportation Engineerin,2009,135(2):74-80.
[6] Smith B L,Lamm R.Coordination of horizontal and vertical alingement with regard to highway esthetics[J].Transportation Research Record,1994(1445):73-85.
[7] Bidulka S,Sayed T,Hassan Y.Influence of vertical alignment onhorizontal curve perception.Phase I:examining the hypothesis[J].Transportation Research Record,2002(1796):12-23.
[8] Hassan Y,Sayed T,Bidulka S.Influence of verticalalignmentonhorizontal curve perception.Phase II:modelling perceived radius[J].Transportation Research Record,2002(1796):24-34.
[9] Hasan M,Sayed T,HassanY.Influence of verticalalignmentonhorizontal curve perception:effect of spirals and position of verticalcurve[J].Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering,2005,32(1):204-212.
[10]Hassan Y,Sayed T.Use of computer animation in quantifying driverperceptionofthree-dimensional roadalignments[C]//Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Applications ofAdvancedTechnologyin Transportation.Cambridge,Massachusetts:ASCE,2002:877-884.
[11]Hassan Y,ASCE M,Sarhan M.Operational effects of drivers’misperceptionof horizontal curvature[J].Journal of Transportation Engineering,2012,138(11):1314-1320.
[12]Tsui Moreno A,Garcia Alfredo,Camacho-Torregrosa F J,et al.Influence of highway three-dimensional coordinationon drivers’perception of horizontal curvature andavailable sight distance[J].IET Intelligent Transport Systems,2013,7(2):244-250.
[13]Bella F.The evaluation of design consistency:predicting models of operating speed on three-dimensional alignment from tests on driving simulator[C]//3rd International Symposium on Highway Geometric Design.Washington,DC,USA:TRID,2005:155-161.
[14]林涛.山区公路曲线段车辆加速度及轨迹研究[D].上海:同济大学,2008.Lin Tao.Vehicle Acceleration and Driving Track Research of Sharp Curves in Mountainous Highway[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2008.(in Chinese)
[15]于海,张兰芳,李迪.山区低等级公路弯道行车速度对行车轨迹的影响[J].交通科学与工程,2006,28(4):17-23.Yu Hai,Zhang Lanfang,Li Di.The impact of driving speed on driving trackon low-grade highways in mountain area[J].Journal of Transport Science and Engineering,2006,28(4):17-23.(in Chinese)
[16]赵敏,潘晓东,杨轸.双车道公路平曲线段行车轨迹偏移实验研究[J].公路工程,2011,36(2):161-164.Zhao Min,Pan Xiaodong,Yang Zhen.Experimental research on running track on curve of two-lane highway[J].Highway Engineering,2011,36(2):161-164.(in Chinese)
[17]林雨,牛建峰,徐颖.双车道公路弯道行车轨迹特性研究[J].公路交通科技,2011,28(3):113-117.Lin Yu,Niu Jianfeng,Xu Ying.Study on characteristics of vehicle path in curves on two-lane highways[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2011,28(3):113-117.(in Chinese)
[18]徐进.道路几何设计对车辆行驶特性的影响机理研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2009.Xu Jin.Effects of Change in Road Geometry Design on Vehicle Driving Dynamics[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2009.(in Chinese)