汽车转向盘操作与驾驶负荷的相关性
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摘要
为证实转向盘转速与驾驶负荷之间的相关性,在4条山区复杂双车道公路上开展了长里程的自然驾驶行为实车试验,采集了被试驾驶员的心率信号和转向盘输入数据,以心率增长率HRI为中介,分析了转向盘转速与驾驶负荷之间的关系。试验结果表明:驾驶员超车时的心率显著高于平静状态,超越大型车时的心率增长率明显高于小客车,并且心率在超车行为开始之前就已显著增加;弯道行驶时驾驶员心率会增加,弯道越急、心率增加值越大,在圆曲线范围内,转向盘转角值在达到峰值之后即刻开始回调,即并不是固定在某一个位置;不管是超车工况还是弯道行驶工况,驾驶员的心率增长率与转向盘转速之间都存在很强的正相关性,但超车时驾驶员的心率增长率对转向盘转速更敏感。
To confirm the correlation between angular speed,δs,of steering wheel and the driver′s workload,real long mileage vehicle driving tests under natural common behavior on four two-lane mountain highways were conducted,in which the driver′s heart rate and steering input were collected.The Heart Rate Increase(HRI)was used as an intermediary to analyze the relationship betweenδsand driver′s workload.Results show that:(1)A driver′s heart rate in overtaking is significantly higher than that in calm state;when overtaking a heavy truck,the driver′s HRI is much higher than that overtaking apassenger car;the hear rate greatly increases before an overtaking is started.(2)A driver′s heart rate increases when traveling on a curve,the shaper the curve,the higher the increase of the heart rate;in addition,in the range of a circular curve,the angle input of the steering wheel reaches a peak value and then starts to decrease,that is not in a fixed position.(3)Whether incondition of overtaking or curve negotiating,there is positive correlation between driver′s HRI andδs,but comparatively,driver′s HRI in overtaking is more sensitive to δ_s.
To confirm the correlation between angular speed,δs,of steering wheel and the driver′s workload,real long mileage vehicle driving tests under natural common behavior on four two-lane mountain highways were conducted,in which the driver′s heart rate and steering input were collected.The Heart Rate Increase(HRI)was used as an intermediary to analyze the relationship betweenδsand driver′s workload.Results show that:(1)A driver′s heart rate in overtaking is significantly higher than that in calm state;when overtaking a heavy truck,the driver′s HRI is much higher than that overtaking apassenger car;the hear rate greatly increases before an overtaking is started.(2)A driver′s heart rate increases when traveling on a curve,the shaper the curve,the higher the increase of the heart rate;in addition,in the range of a circular curve,the angle input of the steering wheel reaches a peak value and then starts to decrease,that is not in a fixed position.(3)Whether incondition of overtaking or curve negotiating,there is positive correlation between driver′s HRI andδs,but comparatively,driver′s HRI in overtaking is more sensitive to δ_s.
引文
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[2]Ahirrao A K,Narahari H K,Umesh S,et al.Effect of vent shape on thermal comfort of passengers in a car[J].Sastech,2011,10(2):21-28.
[3]Mansfield N J,Griffin M J.Deference thresholds for automobile seat vibration[J].Applied Ergonomics,2000,31(1):255-261.
[4]李平凡,王殿海,刘东波,等.驾驶中拨打手机对驾驶人脑力负荷及驾驶行为的影响分析[J].交通信息与安全,2010,28(4):103-107.Li Ping-fan,Wang Dian-hai,Liu Dong-bo,et al.Effect of using cell phone while driving on mental workload and driving behavior[J].Journal of Transportation Information and Safety,2010,28(4):103-107.
[5]Jamson A H,Merat N.Surrogate in-vehicle information systems and driver behaviour:effects of visual and cognitive load in simulated rural driving[J].Transportation Research Part F,2005,8(2):79-96.
[6]Jahn G,Oehme A,Krems J F,et al.Peripheral detection as a workload measure in driving:effects of traffic complexity and route guidance system use in a driving study[J].Transportation Research Part F,2005,8(3):255-275.
[7]Waard D D,Bold T G V D,Ben L E.Driver hand position on the steering wheel while merging into motorway traffic[J].Transportation Research Part F,2010,13(2):129-140.
[8]Dijksterhuis C,Brookhuis K A,Waard D D.Effects of steering demand on lane keeping behaviour,selfreports,and physiology.A simulator study[J].Accident Analysis and Prevention,2011,43(3):1074-1081.
[9]徐进,彭其渊,邵毅明,等.山岭区低等级低指标公路路线的使用质量分析[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2010,38(2):245-251,272.Xu Jin,Peng Qi-yuan,Shao Yi-ming,et al.Analysis of operating quality of low class highlands highway with minimum standard design elements[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2010,38(2):245-251,272.
[10]Bashiri B,Mann D D.Automation and the situation awareness of drivers in agricultural semi-autonomous vehicles[J].Biosystems Engineering,2014,124(1):8-15.
[11]唐昉,周晓军,魏燕定.改善人-车综合性能的变传动比反馈方法[J].浙江大学学报:工学版,2014,48(3):456-462.Tang Fang,Zhou Xiao-jun,Wei Yan-ding.Changeable steering ratio feedback method to improve human vehicle comprehensive performance[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Engineering Science),2014,48(3):456-462.
[12]徐进,邵毅明,彭其渊,等.公路线形的操纵负荷分析及设计控制[J].东南大学学报:自然科学版,2009,37(4):867-872.Xu Jin,Shao Yi-ming,Peng Qi-yuan,et al.Steering task complexity analysis on highway alignment and design control[J].Journal of Southeast University(Natural Science Edition),2009,37(4):867-872.
[13]董占勋,孙守迁,吴群,等.心率变异性与驾驶疲劳相关性研究[J].浙江大学学报:工学版,2010,44(1):46-50.Dong Zhan-xun,Sun Shou-qian,Wu Qun,et al.Study of correlation between heart rate variability and driving fatigue[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Engineering Science),2010,44(1):46-50.
[14]赵晓华,房瑞雪,荣建,等.基于生理信号的驾驶疲劳综合评价方法试验研究[J].北京工业大学学报,2011,37(10):1511-1517.Zhao Xiao-hua,Fang Rui-xue,Rong Jian,et al.Experiment study on comprehensive evaluation method of driving fatigue based on physiological signals[J].Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2011,37(10):1511-1517.
[15]彭葳,王笃明,尹爽,等.驾驶疲劳的心电和肌电信号分析[J].人类工效学,2013,19(1):24-28.Peng Wei,Wang Du-ming,Yin Shuang,et al.Exploring the characters of physiological signals for fatigued drivers[J].Chinese Journal of Ergonomics,2013,19(1):24-28.
[16]徐进,彭其渊,罗庆,等.单曲线弯道几何参数对小客车转向行为的影响[J].西南交通大学学报,2013,48(4):678-687.Xu Jin,Peng Qi-yuan,Luo Qing,et al.Effect of geometric features of simple curves on steering behavior of passenger car[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2013,48(4):678-687.
[17]徐进,毛嘉川,罗庆,等.公路单曲线弯道汽车转向行为拓扑特性分析[J].武汉理工大学学报:交通科学与工程版,2015,39(4):680-687.Xu Jin,Mao Jia-chuan,Luo Qing,et al.Topological characteristics analysis of steering behavior of passenger car on highway simple curves[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Transportation Science&Engineering),2015,39(4):680-687.