生态驾驶研究现状及展望
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摘要
为了明确国内外生态驾驶的研究进展,对生态驾驶影响因素、生态驾驶控制策略、生态驾驶实施效果及生态驾驶应用等方面的研究进行综述,介绍驾驶人个性特征、外界刺激信息、道路状况及交通条件、车辆自身特征、行驶参数等生态驾驶的影响因素,归纳生态驾驶的优化控制策略,分析了实施生态驾驶的效果,总结静态、动态的生态驾驶培训方法,生态驾驶辅助设备,生态型智能交通等方面的生态驾驶应用。对文献的梳理和分析表明:生态驾驶无需改变车辆结构便可以减少30%左右的燃油消耗,降低20%～30%的污染物排放;有必要深入研究理论型生态驾驶策略,以定量的、形象化的方式研究适合中国实际情况的生态驾驶辅助系统;需加强生态驾驶的推广,将其纳入驾考培训体系之中,从而全面促进中国驾驶人的节能减排能力。
To clarify the progress in research on eco-driving in China and abroad, advances in eco-driving were reviewed including its impact factors, control strategies, effects, and implications. The following impact factors on eco-driving were introduced: driver personality, external stimulus information, road and traffic conditions, vehicle characteristics, and driving parameters. Further, an optimized control strategy for eco-driving was introduced, and its effects were analyzed. Finally, the implications of eco-driving were summarized, including static and dynamic eco-driving training methods, eco-driving assistance systems, and ecological intelligent transportation. The analysis of the research indicated that eco-driving can reduce fuel consumption by approximately 30% and reduce pollutant emissions by 20%-30%, without changing the structure of the vehicle. In addition, further research is required to establish the theoretical foundations of eco-driving strategies, and to develop an ecological driving assistance system that is suitable for China both quantitatively and visually. Finally, it will be necessary to strengthen the promotion of eco-driving and incorporate it into the driving test training system, so as to comprehensively save energy and reduce emissions in China.
To clarify the progress in research on eco-driving in China and abroad, advances in eco-driving were reviewed including its impact factors, control strategies, effects, and implications. The following impact factors on eco-driving were introduced: driver personality, external stimulus information, road and traffic conditions, vehicle characteristics, and driving parameters. Further, an optimized control strategy for eco-driving was introduced, and its effects were analyzed. Finally, the implications of eco-driving were summarized, including static and dynamic eco-driving training methods, eco-driving assistance systems, and ecological intelligent transportation. The analysis of the research indicated that eco-driving can reduce fuel consumption by approximately 30% and reduce pollutant emissions by 20%-30%, without changing the structure of the vehicle. In addition, further research is required to establish the theoretical foundations of eco-driving strategies, and to develop an ecological driving assistance system that is suitable for China both quantitatively and visually. Finally, it will be necessary to strengthen the promotion of eco-driving and incorporate it into the driving test training system, so as to comprehensively save energy and reduce emissions in China.
引文
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[2] GONDER J, EARLEYWINE M, SPARKS W. Final Report on the Fuel Saving Effectiveness of Various Driver Feedback Approaches [R]. Golden: Qab Ridge Office of Scientific and Technical Information, 2011.
[3] HO S H, WONG Y D, CHANG V W C. What Can Eco-driving Do for Sustainable Road Transport? Perspectives from a City (Singapore) Eco-driving Programme [J]. Sustainable Cities and Society, 2015, 14 (1): 82-88.
[4] 叶玉.西方国家力推“生态驾驶” [J].环境保护,2008(17):73-74. YE Yu. Western Countries Push “Eco-driving” [J].Environmental Protection, 2008 (17): 73-74.
[5] ANDO R, NISHIHORI Y. A Study on Factors Affecting the Effective Eco-driving [J]. Procedia-social and Behavioral Sciences, 2012, 54 (4): 27-36.
[6] GONDER J, EARLEYWINE M, SPARKS W. Analyzing Vehicle Fuel Saving Opportunities Through Intelligent Driver Feedback [J].SAE Paper 2012-01-0494.
[7] GUNTHER M, RAUH N, KREMS J F. Conducting a Study to Investigate Eco-driving Strategies with Battery Electric Vehicles-A Multiple Method Approach [J]. Transportation Research Procedia, 2017, 25: 2247-2261.
[8] FRANKE T, AREND M G, MCILROY R C, et al. Eco-driving in Hybrid Electric Vehicles-Exploring Challenges for User-energy Interaction [J].Applied Ergonomics, 2016, 55: 33-45.
[9] SCHALL D L, MOHNEN A. Incentivizing Energy-efficient Behavior at Work: An Empirical Investigation Using a Natural Field Experiment on Eco-driving [J]. Applied Energy, 2017, 185 (1): 1757-1768.
[10] MANSFIELD L R, GUROS F, DONALD M T, et al. Individual and Contextual Variables Enhance Transfer for a Workplace Eco-driving Intervention [J]. Transportation Research Part F, 2016, 37: 138-143.
[11] YAO E, YANG Z, SONG Y, et al. Comparison of Electric Vehicle's Energy Consumption Factors for Different Road Types [J]. Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society, 2013, 1: 1-7.
[12] YOUNES Z, BOUDET L, SUARD F, et al. Analysis of the Main Factors Influencing the Energy Consumption of Electric Vehicles [C]// IEEE.Electric Machines & Drives Conference. New York: IEEE, 2013: 247-253.
[13] SHANKAR R, MARCO J. Method for Estimating the Energy Consumption of Electric Vehicles and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles Under Real-world Driving Conditions [J]. IET Intelligent Transport Systems, 2013, 7 (1): 138-150.
[14] YANG S, DENG C, TANG T, et al. Electric Vehicle's Energy Consumption of Car-following Models [J].Nonlinear Dynamics, 2013, 71 (1/2): 323-329.
[15] HE X Z, WU X K. Eco-driving Advisory Strategies for a Platoon of Mixed Gasoline and Electric Vehicles in a Connected Vehicle System [J]. Transportation Research Part D, 2018, 63: 907-922.
[16] WANG J, RAKHA H A. Fuel Consumption Model for Conventional Diesel Buses [J]. Applied Energy. 2016, 170: 394-402.
[17] Australian Government Department of the Environment. 10 Top Tips for Fuel Efficient Driving [DB/OL]. (2008-03-10) [2018-05-01]. https://www.environment.gov.au/settlements/transport/fuelguide/tips.html.
[18] 唐培嘉.交叉口机动车不同驾驶行为对排放的影响研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2013. TANG Pei-jia. Effects of Different Driving Behaviors on Vehicle Emissions at an Intersection [D].Beijing: Beijing Jiaotong University, 2013.
[19] HOLDSTOCK T, SORNIOTTI A, EVERITT M, et al. Energy Consumption Analysis of a Novel Four-speed Dual Motor Drivetrain for Electric Vehicles [C]//IEEE. Vehicle Power & Propulsion Conference. New York: IEEE, 2012: 295-300.
[20] 李升波,徐少兵,王文军,等.汽车经济性驾驶技术及应用概述[J].汽车安全与节能学报,2014,5(2):121-131. LI Sheng-bo, XU Shao-bing, WANG Wen-jun, et al. Overview of Ecological Driving Technology and Application for Ground Vehicles [J]. Automotive Safety and Energy, 2014, 5 (2): 121-131.
[21] BARTH M, BORIBOONSOMSIN K. Energy and Emissions Impacts of a Freeway-based Dynamic Eco-driving System [J].Transportation Research Part D, 2009, 14 (6): 400-410.
[22] XIA H T, BORIBOONSOMSIN K, BARTH M. Dynamic Eco-driving for Signalized Arterial Corridors and Its Indirect Network-wide Energy/Emissions Benefits [J]. Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2013, 17 (1): 31-41.
[23] CIARLA V, CHASSE A, MOULIN P, et al. Compute Optimal Travel Duration in Eco-driving Applications [J]. IFAC-papers Online, 2016, 49 (11): 519-524.
[24] 郑秀征.城市公交车辆最优生态驾驶研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2016. ZHENG Xiu-zheng. Study on Optimal Eco-driving of Urban Public Transport Vehicles [D]. Beijing: Beijing University of Technology, 2016.
[25] QI X, BARTH M J, WU G, et al. Energy Impact of Connected Eco-driving on Electric Vehicles [M]. Berlin: Springer, 2018.
[26] MANDAVA S, BORIBOONSOMSIN K, BARTH M. Arterial Velocity Planning Based on Traffic Signal Information Under Light Traffic Conditions [C]//IEEE. Proceedings of the 12th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems. New York: IEEE, 2009: 161-165.
[27] CHEN Z. An Optimization Model for Eco-driving at Signalized Intersection [D]. College Station: Texas A & M University, 2013.
[28] 靳秋思,宋国华,叶蒙蒙,等.车辆通过交叉口的生态驾驶轨迹优化研究[J].安全与环境工程,2015,22(3):75-82. JIN Qiu-si, SONG Guo-hua, YE Meng-meng. Optimization of Eco-driving Trajectories at Intersections for Energy Saving and Emission Reduction [J]. Safety and Environmental Engineering, 2015, 22 (3): 75-82.
[29] 魏学新.车路协同环境下城市道路车辆生态驾驶策略研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2016. WEI Xue-xin. Research on the Eco-driving Strategy of Urban Road Based on the Cooperation Vehicle Infrastructure System [D].Changchun: Jilin University, 2016.
[30] HEPPELER G, SONNTAG M, SAWODNY O. Fuel Efficiency Analysis for Simultaneous Optimization of the Velocity Trajectory and the Energy Management in Hybrid Electric Vehicles [J].IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 2014, 47 (3): 6612-6617.
[31] KURIYAMA M, YAMAMOTO S, MIYATAKE M. Theoretical Study on Eco-driving Technique for an Electric Vehicle with Dynamic Programming [C]//IEEE. International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems. New York: IEEE, 2010: 2026-2030.
[32] ZHANG R, YAO E. Eco-driving at Signalised Intersections for Electric Vehicles [J]. IET Intelligent Transport Systems, 2015, 9 (5): 488-497.
[33] 潘龙.基于动态交通信息的电动汽车节能行驶控制模型研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2014. PAN Long. Study on Energy-saving Driving Control Model for Electric Vehicle Based on Dynamic Traffic Information [D]. Beijing: Beijng Jiaotong University, 2014.
[34] ZHAO W, NGOGUY D, SHEPHERD S, et al. A Platoon Based Cooperative Eco-driving Model for Mixed Automated and Human-driven Vehicles at a Signalised Intersection [J]. Transportation Research Part C, 2018, 95: 802-821.
[35] LI M, WU X, HE X, et al. An Eco-driving System for Electric Vehicles with Signal Control Under V2X Environment [J]. Transportation Research Part C, 2018, 93: 335-350.
[36] BINGHAM C, WALSH C, CARROLL S. Impact of Driving Characteristics on Electric Vehicle Energy Consumption and Range [J]. IET Intelligent Transport Systems, 2012, 6 (1): 29-35.
[37] MORELLO E, TOFFOLO S, MAGRA G. Impact Analysis of Ecodriving Behaviour Using Suitable Simulation Platform [J].Transportation Research Procedia, 2016, 14: 3119-3128.
[38] ANDO R, NISHIHORI Y. How Does Driving Behavior Change When Following an Eco-driving Car? [J]. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2011, 20 (6): 577-587.
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