Wnt信号调控骨骼肌生长、发育与再生的机制
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摘要
Wnt信号是一个复杂的蛋白质作用网络,参与调控机体生长、发育、再生等多个生物学过程。骨骼肌是一种动态多样化组织,是动物体维持正常生长、发育必不可少的组成部分,其生长、发育与再生过程受多重因素调控。Wnt信号作为其中一种调控因素,主要通过诱导胚胎期骨骼肌的发生以及激活骨骼肌卫星细胞来调控骨骼肌的生长、发育与再生。近些年来,Wnt信号在骨骼肌生长发育过程中的作用及机制已引起人们的广泛关注,本文系统综述了Wnt信号在骨骼肌发育、自我更新以及肌纤维形成中的作用,旨在为畜牧业生产以及肌肉疾病的治疗提供理论依据。
Wnt signaling is a complex network of proteins involved in the regulation of biological processes such as growth,development and regeneration.Skeletal muscle is a kind of dynamic and diversified tissue,which is an essential part of animal body to maintain normal growth and development.As one of the regulatory factors,Wnt signaling regulates the growth,development and regeneration of skeletal muscle mainly by inducing the occurrence of skeletal muscle in embryonic stage and activating adult skeletal muscle satellite cells.In recent years,the role and mechanism of Wnt signaling in the growth and development of skeletal muscle have attracted wide attention.Therefore,this review systematically elaborated the role of Wnt signaling in skeletal muscle development,self-renewal and muscle fiber formation,in order to provide theoretical basis for the animal husbandry production and treatment of muscle diseases.
Wnt signaling is a complex network of proteins involved in the regulation of biological processes such as growth,development and regeneration.Skeletal muscle is a kind of dynamic and diversified tissue,which is an essential part of animal body to maintain normal growth and development.As one of the regulatory factors,Wnt signaling regulates the growth,development and regeneration of skeletal muscle mainly by inducing the occurrence of skeletal muscle in embryonic stage and activating adult skeletal muscle satellite cells.In recent years,the role and mechanism of Wnt signaling in the growth and development of skeletal muscle have attracted wide attention.Therefore,this review systematically elaborated the role of Wnt signaling in skeletal muscle development,self-renewal and muscle fiber formation,in order to provide theoretical basis for the animal husbandry production and treatment of muscle diseases.
引文
[1]STERN H M,BROWN A M C,HAUSCHKA S D.Myogenesis in paraxial mesoderm:preferential induction by dorsal neural tube and by cells expressing Wnt-1[J].Development,1995,121(11):3675-3686.
[2]AULEHLA A,POURQUIO.Signaling gradients during paraxial mesoderm development[J].Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology,2010,2(2):a000869.
[3]赵晓,莫德林,张悦,等.猪的骨骼肌生长发育研究进展[J].生命科学,2011,23(1):37-44.
[4]GREFTE S,KUIJPERS-JAGTMAN A M,TORENSMAR,et al.Skeletal muscle development and regeneration[J].Stem Cells Development,2007,16(5):857-868.
[5]李伯江,李平华,吴望军,等.骨骼肌肌纤维形成机制的研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(6):1200-1207.
[6]RYALL J G.Skeletal muscle development[M].New York,NY:Springer,2017:1668-1674.
[7]张勇,王海霞.肌肉生长发育相关因子GDF-8[J].国外医学(遗传学分册),2001,24(1):51-53.
[8]VON MALTZAHN J,CHANG N C,BENTZINGERC F,e t al.Wnt signaling in myogenesis[J].Trends in Cell Biology,2012,22(11):602-609.
[9]MANN C J,PERDIGUERO E,KHARRAZ Y,et al.Aberrant repair and fibrosis development in skeletal muscle[J].Skeletal Muscle,2011,1(1):21.
[10]ABU-ELMAGD M,ROBSON L,SWEETMAN D,et al.Wnt/Lef1 signaling acts via Pitx2 to regulate somite myogenesis[J].Developmental Biology,2010,337(2):211-219.
[11]WADA K I,KATSUTA S,SOYA H.Formation process and fate of the nuclear chain after injury in regenerated myofiber[J].The Anatomical Record,2008,291(1):122-128.
[12]EBERLI D,SOKER S,ATALA A,et al.Optimization of human skeletal muscle precursor cell culture and myofiber formation in vitro[J].Methods,2009,47(2):98-103.
[13]DICKINS E M,SALINAS P C.Wnts in action:from synapse formation to synaptic maintenance[J].Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience,2013,7:162.
[14]CRUCIAT C C,NIEHRS C.Secreted and transmembrane Wnt inhibitors and activators[J].Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology,2013,5(3):a015081.
[15]BRACK A S,CONBOY I M,CONBOY M J,et al.Atemporal switch from notch to Wnt signaling in muscle stem cells is necessary for normal adult myogenesis[J].Cell Stem Cell,2008,2(1):50-59.
[16]JONES A E,PRICE F D,LE GRAND F,et al.Wnt/β-catenin controls follistatin signalling to regulate satellite cell myogenic potential[J].Skeletal Muscle,2015,5:14.
[17]MURPHY M M,KEEFE A C,LAWSON J A,et al.Transiently active Wnt/β-catenin signaling is not required but must be silenced for stem cell function during muscle regeneration[J].Stem Cell Reports,2014,3(3):475-488.
[18]RUDNICKI M A,WILLIAMS B O.Wnt signaling in bone and muscle[J].Bone,2015,80:60-66.
[19]HABIB S J,CHEN B C,TSAI F C,et al.A localized Wnt signal orients asymmetric stem cell division in vitro[J].Science,2013,339(6126):1445-1448.
[20]ZHAN T,RINDTORFF N,BOUTROS M.Wnt signaling in cancer[J].Oncogene,2017,36(11):1461-1473.
[21]ANAKWE K,ROBSON L,HADLEY J,et al.Wnt signalling regulates myogenic differentiation in the developing avian wing[J].Development,2003,130(15):3503-3514.
[22]MAZZOTTA S,NEVES C,BONNER R J,et al.Distinctive roles of canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling in human embryonic cardiomyocyte development[J].Stem Cell Reports,2016,7(4):764-776.
[23]FAN H B,ZHAI Z Y,LI X G,et al.CDX2 Stimulates the Proliferation of porcine intestinal epithelial cells by activating the mTORC1 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2017,18(11):E2447.
[24]FERNNDEZ-MARTOS C M,GONZLEZFERNNDEZ C,GONZLEZ P,et al.Differential expression of Wnts after spinal cord contusion injury in adult rats[J].PLoS One,2011,6(11):e27000.
[25]WAN Z Y,HU G X.Relationship between the Wnt signaling pathway and liver fibrosis:recent research status[J].World Chinese Journal of Digestology,2011,19(17):1761-1766.
[26]NIEHRS C.The complex world of Wnt receptor signalling[J].Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology,2012,13(12):767-779.
[27]ZHANG Z,RANKIN S A,ZORN A M.Syndecan4coordinates Wnt/JNK and BMP signaling to regulate foregut progenitor development[J].Developmental Biology,2016,416(1):187-199.
[28]BENTZINGER C F,VON MALTZAHN J,DUMONTN A,et al.Wnt7a stimulates myogenic stem cell motility and engraftment resulting in improved muscle strength[J].Journal of Cell Biology,2014,205(1):97-111.
[29]SANCHEZ-FERRAS O,COUTAUD B,SAMANI TD,et al.Caudal-related homeobox(Cdx)protein-dependent integration of canonical Wnt signaling on paired-box 3(Pax3)neural crest enhancer[J].Jouranl of Biological Chemistry,2012,287(20):16623-16635.
[30]OTTO A,SCHMIDT C,LUKE G,et al.Canonical Wnt signalling induces satellite-cell proliferation during adult skeletal muscle regeneration[J].Journal of Cell Science,2008,121(17):2939-2950.
[31]WANG Q M,ZHANG Y,YANG K M,et al.Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is active in pancreatic development of rat embryo[J].World Journal of Gastroenterology,2006,12(16):2615-2619.
[32]DUBINSKA-MAGIERA M,ZAREMBA-CZOGALLAM,RZEPECKI R.Muscle development,regeneration and laminopathies:how lamins or lamina-associated proteins can contribute to muscle development,regeneration and disease[J].Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences,2013,70(15):2713-2741.
[33]TAKATA H,TERADA K,OKA H,et al.Involvement of Wnt4 signaling during myogenic proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle[J].Developmental Dynamics,2010,236(10):2800-2807.
[34]LIU Y,LV W T,YU B Y,et al.S-adenosylmethionineinduced adipogenesis is accompanied by suppression of Wnt/β-catenin and Hedgehog signaling pathways[J].Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry,2013,382(1/2):59-73.
[35]BERNARDI H,GAY S,FEDON Y,et al.Wnt4 activates the canonicalβ-catenin pathway and regulates negatively myostatin:functional implication in myogenesis[J].American Journal of Physiology Cell Physiology,2011,300(5):C1122-C1138.
[36]VON MALTZAHN J,BENTZINGER C F,RUDNICKIM A.Wnt7a-Fzd7 signalling directly activates the Akt/mTOR anabolic growth pathway in skeletal muscle[J].Nature Cell Biology,2011,14(2):186-191.
[37]KURODA K,KUANG S,TAKETO M M,et al.Canonical Wnt signaling induces BMP-4 to specify slow myofibrogenesis of fetal myoblasts[J].Skeletal Muscle,2013,3(1):5.
[38]DIROCCO D P,KOBAYASHI A,TAKETO M M,et al.Wnt4/β-catenin signaling in medullary kidney myofibroblasts[J].Journal of the American Society of Nephrology,2013,24(9):1399-1412.
[39]OGAWA R,MA Y R,YAMAGUCHI M,et al.Doublecortin marks a new population of transiently amplifying muscle progenitor cells and is required for myofiber maturation during skeletal muscle regeneration[J].Development,2015,142(1):51-61.
[40]ZHUANG L Z,HULIN J A,GROMOVA A,et al.Barx2 and Pax7 have antagonistic functions in regulation of Wnt signaling and satellite cell differentiation[J].Stem Cells,2014,32(6):1661-1673.
[41]RIDGEWAY A G,PETROPOULOS H,WILTON S,et al.Wnt signaling regulates the function of MyoDand myogenin[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,2000,275(42):32398-32405.
[42]DRAKE J C,WILSON R J,YAN Z.Molecular mechanisms for mitochondrial adaptation to exercise training in skeletal muscle[J].FASEB Journal:Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology,2016,30(1):13-22.
[43]JI L L,KANG C H,ZHANG Y.Exercise-induced hormesis and skeletal muscle health[J].Free Radical Biology and Medicine,2016,98:113-122.
[44]BROOK M S,WILKINSON D J,PHILLIPS B E,et al.Skeletal muscle homeostasis and plasticity in youth and ageing:impact of nutrition and exercise[J].Acta Physiologica,2016,216(1):15-41.
[45]ARMSTRONG D D,ESSER K A.Wnt/β-catenin signaling activates growth-control genes during overloadinduced skeletal muscle hypertrophy[J].American Journal of Physiology:Cell Physiology,2005,289(4):C853-C859.
[46]XIONG G Y,HINDI S M,MANN A K,et al.The PERK arm of the unfolded protein response regulates satellite cell-mediated skeletal muscle regeneration[J].eLife,2017,6:e22871.
[47]GUITART M,LLORETA J,MAAS-GARCIA L,et al.Muscle regeneration potential and satellite cell activation profile during recovery following hindlimb immobilization in mice[J].Journal of Cellular Physiology,2018,233(5):4360-4372.
[48]YANG Y Z,TOPOL L,LEE H,et al.Wnt5a and Wnt5b exhibit distinct activities in coordinating chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation[J].Development,2003,130(5):1003-1015.
[49]RUDOL A,SCHIRWIS E,GIORDANI L,et al.β-catenin activation in muscle progenitor cells regulates tissue Repair[J].Cell Reports,2016,15(6):1277-1290.
[50]LE GRAND F,JONES A E,SEALE V,et al.Wnt7a activates the planar cell polarity pathway to drive the symmetric expansion of satellite stem cells[J].Cell Stem Cell,2009,4(6):535-547.
[51]SETHI J K,VIDAL-PUIG A.Wnt signalling and the control of cellular metabolism[J].Biochemical Journal,2010,427(1):1-17.
[2]AULEHLA A,POURQUIO.Signaling gradients during paraxial mesoderm development[J].Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology,2010,2(2):a000869.
[3]赵晓,莫德林,张悦,等.猪的骨骼肌生长发育研究进展[J].生命科学,2011,23(1):37-44.
[4]GREFTE S,KUIJPERS-JAGTMAN A M,TORENSMAR,et al.Skeletal muscle development and regeneration[J].Stem Cells Development,2007,16(5):857-868.
[5]李伯江,李平华,吴望军,等.骨骼肌肌纤维形成机制的研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(6):1200-1207.
[6]RYALL J G.Skeletal muscle development[M].New York,NY:Springer,2017:1668-1674.
[7]张勇,王海霞.肌肉生长发育相关因子GDF-8[J].国外医学(遗传学分册),2001,24(1):51-53.
[8]VON MALTZAHN J,CHANG N C,BENTZINGERC F,e t al.Wnt signaling in myogenesis[J].Trends in Cell Biology,2012,22(11):602-609.
[9]MANN C J,PERDIGUERO E,KHARRAZ Y,et al.Aberrant repair and fibrosis development in skeletal muscle[J].Skeletal Muscle,2011,1(1):21.
[10]ABU-ELMAGD M,ROBSON L,SWEETMAN D,et al.Wnt/Lef1 signaling acts via Pitx2 to regulate somite myogenesis[J].Developmental Biology,2010,337(2):211-219.
[11]WADA K I,KATSUTA S,SOYA H.Formation process and fate of the nuclear chain after injury in regenerated myofiber[J].The Anatomical Record,2008,291(1):122-128.
[12]EBERLI D,SOKER S,ATALA A,et al.Optimization of human skeletal muscle precursor cell culture and myofiber formation in vitro[J].Methods,2009,47(2):98-103.
[13]DICKINS E M,SALINAS P C.Wnts in action:from synapse formation to synaptic maintenance[J].Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience,2013,7:162.
[14]CRUCIAT C C,NIEHRS C.Secreted and transmembrane Wnt inhibitors and activators[J].Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology,2013,5(3):a015081.
[15]BRACK A S,CONBOY I M,CONBOY M J,et al.Atemporal switch from notch to Wnt signaling in muscle stem cells is necessary for normal adult myogenesis[J].Cell Stem Cell,2008,2(1):50-59.
[16]JONES A E,PRICE F D,LE GRAND F,et al.Wnt/β-catenin controls follistatin signalling to regulate satellite cell myogenic potential[J].Skeletal Muscle,2015,5:14.
[17]MURPHY M M,KEEFE A C,LAWSON J A,et al.Transiently active Wnt/β-catenin signaling is not required but must be silenced for stem cell function during muscle regeneration[J].Stem Cell Reports,2014,3(3):475-488.
[18]RUDNICKI M A,WILLIAMS B O.Wnt signaling in bone and muscle[J].Bone,2015,80:60-66.
[19]HABIB S J,CHEN B C,TSAI F C,et al.A localized Wnt signal orients asymmetric stem cell division in vitro[J].Science,2013,339(6126):1445-1448.
[20]ZHAN T,RINDTORFF N,BOUTROS M.Wnt signaling in cancer[J].Oncogene,2017,36(11):1461-1473.
[21]ANAKWE K,ROBSON L,HADLEY J,et al.Wnt signalling regulates myogenic differentiation in the developing avian wing[J].Development,2003,130(15):3503-3514.
[22]MAZZOTTA S,NEVES C,BONNER R J,et al.Distinctive roles of canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling in human embryonic cardiomyocyte development[J].Stem Cell Reports,2016,7(4):764-776.
[23]FAN H B,ZHAI Z Y,LI X G,et al.CDX2 Stimulates the Proliferation of porcine intestinal epithelial cells by activating the mTORC1 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2017,18(11):E2447.
[24]FERNNDEZ-MARTOS C M,GONZLEZFERNNDEZ C,GONZLEZ P,et al.Differential expression of Wnts after spinal cord contusion injury in adult rats[J].PLoS One,2011,6(11):e27000.
[25]WAN Z Y,HU G X.Relationship between the Wnt signaling pathway and liver fibrosis:recent research status[J].World Chinese Journal of Digestology,2011,19(17):1761-1766.
[26]NIEHRS C.The complex world of Wnt receptor signalling[J].Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology,2012,13(12):767-779.
[27]ZHANG Z,RANKIN S A,ZORN A M.Syndecan4coordinates Wnt/JNK and BMP signaling to regulate foregut progenitor development[J].Developmental Biology,2016,416(1):187-199.
[28]BENTZINGER C F,VON MALTZAHN J,DUMONTN A,et al.Wnt7a stimulates myogenic stem cell motility and engraftment resulting in improved muscle strength[J].Journal of Cell Biology,2014,205(1):97-111.
[29]SANCHEZ-FERRAS O,COUTAUD B,SAMANI TD,et al.Caudal-related homeobox(Cdx)protein-dependent integration of canonical Wnt signaling on paired-box 3(Pax3)neural crest enhancer[J].Jouranl of Biological Chemistry,2012,287(20):16623-16635.
[30]OTTO A,SCHMIDT C,LUKE G,et al.Canonical Wnt signalling induces satellite-cell proliferation during adult skeletal muscle regeneration[J].Journal of Cell Science,2008,121(17):2939-2950.
[31]WANG Q M,ZHANG Y,YANG K M,et al.Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is active in pancreatic development of rat embryo[J].World Journal of Gastroenterology,2006,12(16):2615-2619.
[32]DUBINSKA-MAGIERA M,ZAREMBA-CZOGALLAM,RZEPECKI R.Muscle development,regeneration and laminopathies:how lamins or lamina-associated proteins can contribute to muscle development,regeneration and disease[J].Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences,2013,70(15):2713-2741.
[33]TAKATA H,TERADA K,OKA H,et al.Involvement of Wnt4 signaling during myogenic proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle[J].Developmental Dynamics,2010,236(10):2800-2807.
[34]LIU Y,LV W T,YU B Y,et al.S-adenosylmethionineinduced adipogenesis is accompanied by suppression of Wnt/β-catenin and Hedgehog signaling pathways[J].Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry,2013,382(1/2):59-73.
[35]BERNARDI H,GAY S,FEDON Y,et al.Wnt4 activates the canonicalβ-catenin pathway and regulates negatively myostatin:functional implication in myogenesis[J].American Journal of Physiology Cell Physiology,2011,300(5):C1122-C1138.
[36]VON MALTZAHN J,BENTZINGER C F,RUDNICKIM A.Wnt7a-Fzd7 signalling directly activates the Akt/mTOR anabolic growth pathway in skeletal muscle[J].Nature Cell Biology,2011,14(2):186-191.
[37]KURODA K,KUANG S,TAKETO M M,et al.Canonical Wnt signaling induces BMP-4 to specify slow myofibrogenesis of fetal myoblasts[J].Skeletal Muscle,2013,3(1):5.
[38]DIROCCO D P,KOBAYASHI A,TAKETO M M,et al.Wnt4/β-catenin signaling in medullary kidney myofibroblasts[J].Journal of the American Society of Nephrology,2013,24(9):1399-1412.
[39]OGAWA R,MA Y R,YAMAGUCHI M,et al.Doublecortin marks a new population of transiently amplifying muscle progenitor cells and is required for myofiber maturation during skeletal muscle regeneration[J].Development,2015,142(1):51-61.
[40]ZHUANG L Z,HULIN J A,GROMOVA A,et al.Barx2 and Pax7 have antagonistic functions in regulation of Wnt signaling and satellite cell differentiation[J].Stem Cells,2014,32(6):1661-1673.
[41]RIDGEWAY A G,PETROPOULOS H,WILTON S,et al.Wnt signaling regulates the function of MyoDand myogenin[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,2000,275(42):32398-32405.
[42]DRAKE J C,WILSON R J,YAN Z.Molecular mechanisms for mitochondrial adaptation to exercise training in skeletal muscle[J].FASEB Journal:Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology,2016,30(1):13-22.
[43]JI L L,KANG C H,ZHANG Y.Exercise-induced hormesis and skeletal muscle health[J].Free Radical Biology and Medicine,2016,98:113-122.
[44]BROOK M S,WILKINSON D J,PHILLIPS B E,et al.Skeletal muscle homeostasis and plasticity in youth and ageing:impact of nutrition and exercise[J].Acta Physiologica,2016,216(1):15-41.
[45]ARMSTRONG D D,ESSER K A.Wnt/β-catenin signaling activates growth-control genes during overloadinduced skeletal muscle hypertrophy[J].American Journal of Physiology:Cell Physiology,2005,289(4):C853-C859.
[46]XIONG G Y,HINDI S M,MANN A K,et al.The PERK arm of the unfolded protein response regulates satellite cell-mediated skeletal muscle regeneration[J].eLife,2017,6:e22871.
[47]GUITART M,LLORETA J,MAAS-GARCIA L,et al.Muscle regeneration potential and satellite cell activation profile during recovery following hindlimb immobilization in mice[J].Journal of Cellular Physiology,2018,233(5):4360-4372.
[48]YANG Y Z,TOPOL L,LEE H,et al.Wnt5a and Wnt5b exhibit distinct activities in coordinating chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation[J].Development,2003,130(5):1003-1015.
[49]RUDOL A,SCHIRWIS E,GIORDANI L,et al.β-catenin activation in muscle progenitor cells regulates tissue Repair[J].Cell Reports,2016,15(6):1277-1290.
[50]LE GRAND F,JONES A E,SEALE V,et al.Wnt7a activates the planar cell polarity pathway to drive the symmetric expansion of satellite stem cells[J].Cell Stem Cell,2009,4(6):535-547.
[51]SETHI J K,VIDAL-PUIG A.Wnt signalling and the control of cellular metabolism[J].Biochemical Journal,2010,427(1):1-17.