检测器误差对路网流量推算影响的灵敏度分析
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摘要
以路网检测器布设可测流问题中检测器误差对路网流量推算的影响为研究对象,采用基于交叉口转弯比的流量守恒方程和网络检测器布设模型,给出灵敏度分析方法并将其作为检测器误差分析的通用方法.将路段流量推算结果受误差源路段检测器误差的影响定义为关键系数,通过理论推导得出,多个误差源路段流量检测器误差对路网流量推算结果的影响为单个误差源路段流量检测器误差影响的线性叠加.最后以方格式路网为实例,采用在路网的只进和只出路段布设检测器两种方案,利用关键系数给出了检测路段流量误差对未检测路段流量推算的影响.
The effects of sensor errors on link flow inference in sensor location flow-observability problem are discussed in this paper. By using the equations of traffic flow conservation system and the model of network sensor location problem based on turning ratios at intersections, a general sensitivity analysis method is proposed to analyze the impact of sensor errors on the link flow reckoning. Firstly, the key factor is defined to represent the errors of link inferring caused by the sensor errors. Then, the total effect of multiple sensor errors on the link flow inferring is proved theoretically to be the linear superposition of the effects of single sensor error. Finally, a square road network is used to test the proposed method. Two sensor location schemes of installing sensors on the only entrance links or exit links of the road network respectively are adopted, which can both support the unique link flow inferring results. The effect of sensor errors on link flow inferring is given by using the key factor method.
The effects of sensor errors on link flow inference in sensor location flow-observability problem are discussed in this paper. By using the equations of traffic flow conservation system and the model of network sensor location problem based on turning ratios at intersections, a general sensitivity analysis method is proposed to analyze the impact of sensor errors on the link flow reckoning. Firstly, the key factor is defined to represent the errors of link inferring caused by the sensor errors. Then, the total effect of multiple sensor errors on the link flow inferring is proved theoretically to be the linear superposition of the effects of single sensor error. Finally, a square road network is used to test the proposed method. Two sensor location schemes of installing sensors on the only entrance links or exit links of the road network respectively are adopted, which can both support the unique link flow inferring results. The effect of sensor errors on link flow inferring is given by using the key factor method.
引文
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[19] YANG Y,FAN Y.Data dependent input control for origin-destination demand estimation using observability analysis[J].Transportation Research,Part B:Methodological,2015,78:385.
[20] XU X,LO H K,CHEN A,et al.Robust network sensor location for complete link flow observability under uncertainty[J].Transportation Research,Part B:Methodological,2016,88:1.
[2] BIANCO L,CONFESSORE G,REVERBERI P.A network based model for traffic sensor location with implications on O/D matrix estimates[J].Transportation Science,2001,35(1):50.
[3] WANG N,GENTILI M,MIRCHANDANI P.Model to locate sensors for estimation of static origin-destination volumes given prior flow information[J].Journal of the Transportation Research Board,2012,2283:67.
[4] FEI X,MAHMASSANI H S.Structural analysis of near-optimal sensor locations for a stochastic large-scale network[J].Transportation Research,Part C:Emerging Technologies,2011,19(3):440.
[5] FEI X,MAHMASSANI H S,EISENMAN S M.Sensor coverage and location for real-time traffic prediction in large-scale networks[J].Journal of the Transportation Research Board,2007,2039:1.
[6] 伍建国,王峰.城市道路交通数据采集系统检测器优化布点研究[J].公路交通科技,2004(2):88.WU Jianguo,WANG Feng.Study on optimal layout of traffic detector for traffic data collection system in urban area[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2004(2):88.
[7] 邵敏华,邵显智,孙立军.基于转弯比例的检测器布设与流量推算惟一性[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2013,41(6):834.SHAO Minhua,SHAO Xianzhi,SUN Lijun.Counting sensor location problem based on turning ratios and uniqueness of traffic flow solution[J].Journal of Tongji University:Natural Science,2013,41(6):834.
[8] 邵敏华,孙立军,邵显智.基于转弯比例的网络检测器布设模型及算法[J].吉林大学学报:工学版,2013,43(6):1476.SHAO Minhua,SUN Lijun,SHAO Xianzhi.Network location model of sensors and algorithm based on turning ratios[J].Journal of Jilin University:Engineering and Technology Edition,2013,43(6):1476.
[9] 邵敏华,邵显智,孙立军.城市地面道路流量采集设备布设方案探讨[J].长沙交通学院学报,2006(3):49.SHAO Minhua,SHAO Xianzhi,SUN Lijun.Research on the arrangement method of the traffic volume detectors on urban streets[J].Journal of Changsha Communications University,2006(3):49.
[10] CASTILLO E,CALVI?O A,LO H K,et al.Non-planar hole-generated networks and link flow observability based on link counters[J].Transportation Research,Part B:Methodological,2014,68:239.
[11] CASTILLO E,CALVINO A,MENENDEZ J M,et al.Deriving the upper bound of the number of sensors required to know all link flows in a traffic network[J].IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems,2013,14(2):761.
[12] CASTILLO E,GALLEGO I,MENENDEZ J M,et al.Optimal use of plate-scanning resources for route flow estimation in traffic networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems,2010,11(2):380.
[13] CASTILLO E,GALLEGO I,SANCHEZ-CAMBRONERO S,et al.Matrix tools for general observability analysis in traffic networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems,2010,11(4):799.
[14] CASTILLO E,JIMENEZ P,MENENDEZ J M,et al.The observability problem in traffic models:algebraic and topological methods[J].IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems,2008,9(2):275.
[15] CASTILLO E,MENéNDEZ J M,JIMéNEZ P.Trip matrix and path flow reconstruction and estimation based on plate scanning and link observations[J].Transportation Research,Part B:Methodological,2008,42(5):455.
[16] RINALDI M,VITI F.Exact and approximate route set generation for resilient partial observability in sensor location problems[J].Transportation Research,Part B:Methodological,2017,105:86.
[17] VITI F,RINALDI M,CORMAN F,et al.Assessing partial observability in network sensor location problems[J].Transportation Research,Part B:Methodological,2014,70:65.
[18] RINALDI M,CORMAN F,VITI F.Null-space metric for analysis of partial network observability in sensor location problems[C]//Transportation Research Board 92nd Annual Meeting.Washington DC:TRB,2013:1-17.
[19] YANG Y,FAN Y.Data dependent input control for origin-destination demand estimation using observability analysis[J].Transportation Research,Part B:Methodological,2015,78:385.
[20] XU X,LO H K,CHEN A,et al.Robust network sensor location for complete link flow observability under uncertainty[J].Transportation Research,Part B:Methodological,2016,88:1.