播种方式和播种密度对杂交籼稻机插秧节本增效的研究
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摘要
【目的】探索机插杂交籼稻稀播育秧秧苗生长特性、栽插质量、产量与效益特点。【方法】以F优498和Ⅱ优498的种子为材料开发并优选条播器后,采用两因素裂区设计,播种方式为主区,播种量为副区。【结果】条播播种均匀度优势明显,24行条播规格效果最佳。播种14 d后,秧苗开始产生分蘖芽,播后17至23 d是分蘖芽发生速率最快时期。随播种密度的增加,成苗率、干物质积累量、根冠比、秧苗充实度、N积累量、分蘖芽发生率、发根力、漏插率都呈降低趋势,同时有效穗数增加,每穗粒数减少,产量先增加后降低。条播相对于散播,秧苗整体素质较好,易形成壮秧,产量较高。【结论】投入与产出综合分析,采用条播方式,播种密度为50 g/盘时,秧苗群体密度和个体优势之间能得到较好的协调,产投比最高。
【Objective】Our purpose is to investigate the rice seedling growth characteristic,quality of transplanting,rice yield and economic benefits of sparse seeding in indica hybrid rice.【Method】The seeds of F you 498 and Ⅱ you 498 were used as materials to develop and chose the optimal drilling seeding machine,then a two-factor split-plot field experiment was conducted with seeding method as main plot and seeding quantity as sub-plot.【Results】The results showed that sowing in drill was contributive to unifrom growth of seedings with 24 lines being the best.The rice seedlings under sparse seeding began to grow tiller 14 days after seeding with the growth rate of tiller peaking between 17-23 days after seeding.With the increasing seeding density,seedling rate,dry matter accumulation,root shoot ratio,grain plumpness,N accumulation quantity,the percentage of tiller occurrence,rooting ability and leakage rate showed a tendency of decreasing.At the same time,the number of productive panicles increased,the grain number per panicle decreased and the grain yield increased at first and then decreased.The seedling quality under drill seeding was better than broadcast seeding,under which the seeds grew into strong seedlings and had a higher grain yield.【Conclusion】By comprehensively comparing cost and output,the drill seeding at the seeding rate of 50 g/ disc had a good coordination between seedling population density and individual advantage and the inputoutput ratio was the highest and had a higher economic benefit.
【Objective】Our purpose is to investigate the rice seedling growth characteristic,quality of transplanting,rice yield and economic benefits of sparse seeding in indica hybrid rice.【Method】The seeds of F you 498 and Ⅱ you 498 were used as materials to develop and chose the optimal drilling seeding machine,then a two-factor split-plot field experiment was conducted with seeding method as main plot and seeding quantity as sub-plot.【Results】The results showed that sowing in drill was contributive to unifrom growth of seedings with 24 lines being the best.The rice seedlings under sparse seeding began to grow tiller 14 days after seeding with the growth rate of tiller peaking between 17-23 days after seeding.With the increasing seeding density,seedling rate,dry matter accumulation,root shoot ratio,grain plumpness,N accumulation quantity,the percentage of tiller occurrence,rooting ability and leakage rate showed a tendency of decreasing.At the same time,the number of productive panicles increased,the grain number per panicle decreased and the grain yield increased at first and then decreased.The seedling quality under drill seeding was better than broadcast seeding,under which the seeds grew into strong seedlings and had a higher grain yield.【Conclusion】By comprehensively comparing cost and output,the drill seeding at the seeding rate of 50 g/ disc had a good coordination between seedling population density and individual advantage and the inputoutput ratio was the highest and had a higher economic benefit.
引文
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[8]Hiroyuki S,Hisashi K,Kensuke O,Kazuyasu N,Mitsunori S,Akio O,Morio M,Satoko Y.Development of rice"seed-mats"consisting of hardened seeds with a cover of soil for the rice transplantor.Plant Prod Sci,2008,11(1):108-115
[9]李耀明,徐立章,向忠平,邓玲黎.日本水稻种植机械化技术的最新研究进展.农业工程学报,2005,21(11):182-185.Li Y M,Xu L Z,Xiang Z P,Deng L L.Research advances of rice planting mechanization in Japan.Trans CSAE,2005,21(11):182-185.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[13]李世峰,刘蓉蓉,吴九林.不同播量与移栽密度对机插水稻产量形成的影响.作物杂志,2008,17:71-74.Li S F,Liu R R,Wu J L.Effects of different sowing rates and transplanting densities on yield formation of machine-transplanted rice.Crops,2008,17:71-74.(in Chinese)
[14]艾治勇,马国辉,青先国.超级杂交稻生理生态特征及高产稳产栽培调控的研究进展.中国水稻科学,2011,25(5):553-560.Ai Z Y,Ma G H,Qin X G.Physiological and ecological characteristics and cultivation regulation for high and stable yield of super hybrid rice.Chin J Rice Sci,2011,25(5):553-560.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]徐一成,朱德峰,赵匀,陈惠哲.超级稻精量条播与撒播育秧对秧苗素质及机插效果的影响.农业工程学报,2009,25(1):99-103.Xu Y C,Zhu D F,Zhao Y,Chen H Z.Effects of broadcast sowing and precision drilling of super rice seed on seedling quality and effectiveness of mechanized transplanting.Trans CSAE,2009,25(1):99-103.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]沈建辉,邵文娟,张祖建,景启坚,杨建昌,陈文林,朱庆森.苗床落谷密度、施肥量和秧龄对机插稻苗质及大田产量的影响.作物学报,2006,32(3):402-409.Shen J H,Shao W J,Zhang Z J,Jin Q J,Yang J C,Chen W L,Zhu Q S.Effects of sowing density,fertilizer amount in seedbed and seedling age on seedling quality and grain yield in paddy field for mechanical transplanting rice.Acta Agron Sin,2006,32(3):402-409.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]李刚华,于林惠,候朋福,王绍华,刘正辉,王强盛,凌启鸿,丁艳锋.机插水稻适宜基本苗定量参数的获取与验证.农业工程学报,2012,28(8):98-104.Li G H,Yu L H,Hou P F,Wang S H,Liu Z H,Wang Q S,Ling Q H,Ding Y F.Calculation and verification of quantitative parameters of optimal planting density of machine-transplant rice.Trans CSAE,2012,28(8):98-104.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[19]沈建辉,邵文娟,张祖建,杨建昌,曹卫星,朱庆森.水稻机插中苗双膜育秧落谷密度对苗质和产量影响的研究.作物学报,2004,30(9):906-911.Shen J H,Shao W J,Zhang Z J,Yang J C,Cao W X,Zhu Q S.Effects of sowing density on quality of medium-seedling nursed with two-layer plastic film and grain yield in mechanical transplanting rice.Acta Agron Sin,2004,30(9):906-911.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]张卫星,朱德峰,林贤青,徐一成,林兴军,陈惠哲,张玉屏.不同播量及育秧基质对机插水稻秧苗素质的影响.扬州大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2007,28(1):45-48.Zhang W X,Zhu D F,Lin X Q,Xu Y C,Lin X J,Chen H Z,Zhang Y P.The effects of different sowing densities and raising materials on seedling quality of mechanical transplanting rice.J Yangzhou Univ:Agric Life Sci Ed.2007,28(1):45-48.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]李泽华,马旭,谢俊峰,陈国锐,郑志雄,谭永炘,黄益强.双季稻区杂交稻机插秧低播量精密育秧试验.农业工程学报,2014,30(6):17-27.Li Z H,Ma X,Xie J F,Chen G R,Zheng Z X,Tan Y X,Hang Y Q.Experiment on precision seedling raising and mechanized transplanting of hybrid rice under low sowing rate in double cropping area.Trans CSAE,2014,30(6):17-27.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]于林惠,丁艳锋,薛艳风,凌启鸿,袁钊和.水稻机插秧田间育秧秧苗素质影响因素研究.农业工程学报,2006,22(3):73-78.Yu L H,Ding Y F,Xue Y F,Ling Q H,Yuan Z H.Factors effecting rice seedling quality of mechanical transplanting rice.Trans CSAE,2006,22(3):73-78.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[24]宋云生,张洪程,戴其根,霍中洋,许轲,魏海燕,朱聪聪,孙圳,杨大柳,王惟清,刘俊,吴爱国.水稻钵苗机插秧苗素质的调控.农业工程学报,2013,29(22):11-22.Song Y S,Zhang H C,Dai Q G,Huo Z Y,Xu K,Wei H Y,Zhu C C,Sun Z,Yang D L,Wang W Q,Lui J,Wu A G.Seedling quality regulation of rice potted-seedling in mechanical transplanting.Trans CSAE,2013,29(22):11-22.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]宋建农,庄乃生,王立臣,刘小伟,魏文军.21世纪我国水稻种植机械化发展方向.中国农业大学学报,2000,5(2):30-33.Song J N,Zhuang N S,Wang L C,Liu X W,Wei W J.The development tendency of Chinese rice planting mechanization in the21st Century.J China Agric Univ,2000,5(2):30-33.
[3]陈惠哲,向镜,徐一成,林贤青,张玉屏,朱德峰.水稻免耕机插质量、生长特性及产量的形成.中国水稻科学,2013,27(6):610-616.Chen H Z,Xiang J,Xu Y C,Lin X Q,Zhang Y P,Zhu D F.Effect of no-tillage on the quality of mechanical transplanting,growth and grain yield of rice.Chin J Rice Sci,2013,27(6):610-616.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]臧英,罗锡文.周志艳.南方水稻种植和收获机械化的发展策略.农业机械学报,2008,39(1):60-63.Zang Y,Luo X W,Zhou Z Y.Development strategy on rice planting and harvesting mechanization in south China.Transac CSAM,2008,39(1):60-63.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]吴崇友,金诚谦,卢晏,涂安富.我国水稻种植机械发展问题探讨.农业工程学报,2000,16(2):21-23.Wu C Y,Jin C Q,L Y,Tu A F.Discussion of developing rice planting machine in China.Trans CSAE,2000,16(2):21-23.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]罗汉亚,李吉,袁钊和,何瑞银,马拯胞,张璐.杂交稻机插秧育秧播种密度与取样面积耦合关系.农业工程学报,2009,25(7):98-102.Luo H Y,Li J,Yuan Z H,He R Y,Ma Z B,Zhang L.Coupling relationships of nursing seedling densities and finger sticking area by mechanized hybrid rice transplanter.Transac CSAE,2009,25(7):98-102.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]何文洪,陈惠哲,朱德峰,徐一成,林贤青,张玉屏.不同播种量对水稻机插秧苗素质及产量的影响.中国稻米,2008(3):60-62.He W H,Chen H Z,Zhu D F,Xu Y C,Lin X Q,Zhang Y P.Effects of different sowing densities on seedling quality and yield of rice of mechanical transplanting.China Rice,2008(3):60-62.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]Hiroyuki S,Hisashi K,Kensuke O,Kazuyasu N,Mitsunori S,Akio O,Morio M,Satoko Y.Development of rice"seed-mats"consisting of hardened seeds with a cover of soil for the rice transplantor.Plant Prod Sci,2008,11(1):108-115
[9]李耀明,徐立章,向忠平,邓玲黎.日本水稻种植机械化技术的最新研究进展.农业工程学报,2005,21(11):182-185.Li Y M,Xu L Z,Xiang Z P,Deng L L.Research advances of rice planting mechanization in Japan.Trans CSAE,2005,21(11):182-185.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]金庆明.突破水稻机插瓶颈的难点及对策讨.中国农机化,2009(4):28-30.Jin Q M.Difficulties in the breakthrough of the bottlenecks for rice transplanting by machine and their resolving strategies.China Agric Mechan,2009(4):28-30.(in Chinese)
[11]姚雄,杨文钰,任万军.育秧方式和播种量对水稻机插长秧龄秧苗的影响.农业工程学报,2009,25(6):152-157.Yao X,Yang W Y,Ren W J.Effects seedling raising methods and sowing rates on machine-transplanted long-age rice seedling.Transac CSAE,2009,25(6):152-157.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]彭长青,李世峰,卞新民,吴九林,周宇,刘蓉蓉.机插水稻高产栽培关键技术的适宜值.应用生态学报,2006,17(9):1619-1623.Peng C Q,Li S F,Bian X M,Wu J L,Zhou Y,Liu R R.Appropriate parameters for high-yielding cultivation of machine-transplanted rice.Chin J Appl Ecol,2006,17(9):1619-1623.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]李世峰,刘蓉蓉,吴九林.不同播量与移栽密度对机插水稻产量形成的影响.作物杂志,2008,17:71-74.Li S F,Liu R R,Wu J L.Effects of different sowing rates and transplanting densities on yield formation of machine-transplanted rice.Crops,2008,17:71-74.(in Chinese)
[14]艾治勇,马国辉,青先国.超级杂交稻生理生态特征及高产稳产栽培调控的研究进展.中国水稻科学,2011,25(5):553-560.Ai Z Y,Ma G H,Qin X G.Physiological and ecological characteristics and cultivation regulation for high and stable yield of super hybrid rice.Chin J Rice Sci,2011,25(5):553-560.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]徐一成,朱德峰,赵匀,陈惠哲.超级稻精量条播与撒播育秧对秧苗素质及机插效果的影响.农业工程学报,2009,25(1):99-103.Xu Y C,Zhu D F,Zhao Y,Chen H Z.Effects of broadcast sowing and precision drilling of super rice seed on seedling quality and effectiveness of mechanized transplanting.Trans CSAE,2009,25(1):99-103.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]沈建辉,邵文娟,张祖建,景启坚,杨建昌,陈文林,朱庆森.苗床落谷密度、施肥量和秧龄对机插稻苗质及大田产量的影响.作物学报,2006,32(3):402-409.Shen J H,Shao W J,Zhang Z J,Jin Q J,Yang J C,Chen W L,Zhu Q S.Effects of sowing density,fertilizer amount in seedbed and seedling age on seedling quality and grain yield in paddy field for mechanical transplanting rice.Acta Agron Sin,2006,32(3):402-409.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]李刚华,于林惠,候朋福,王绍华,刘正辉,王强盛,凌启鸿,丁艳锋.机插水稻适宜基本苗定量参数的获取与验证.农业工程学报,2012,28(8):98-104.Li G H,Yu L H,Hou P F,Wang S H,Liu Z H,Wang Q S,Ling Q H,Ding Y F.Calculation and verification of quantitative parameters of optimal planting density of machine-transplant rice.Trans CSAE,2012,28(8):98-104.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]李杰,张洪程,龚金龙,常勇,吴桂成,郭振华,戴其根,霍中洋,许轲,魏海燕.稻麦两熟地不同栽培方式超级稻分蘖特性及其与群体生产力的关系.作物学报,2011,37(2):309-320.Li J,Zhang H C,Gong J L,Chang Y,Wu G C,Guo Z H,Dai Q G,Huo Z Y,Xu K,Wei H Y.Tillering characteristics and its relationships with population productivity of super rice under different cultivation methods in rice-wheat cropping areas.Acta Agron Sin,2011,37(2):309-320.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]沈建辉,邵文娟,张祖建,杨建昌,曹卫星,朱庆森.水稻机插中苗双膜育秧落谷密度对苗质和产量影响的研究.作物学报,2004,30(9):906-911.Shen J H,Shao W J,Zhang Z J,Yang J C,Cao W X,Zhu Q S.Effects of sowing density on quality of medium-seedling nursed with two-layer plastic film and grain yield in mechanical transplanting rice.Acta Agron Sin,2004,30(9):906-911.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]张卫星,朱德峰,林贤青,徐一成,林兴军,陈惠哲,张玉屏.不同播量及育秧基质对机插水稻秧苗素质的影响.扬州大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2007,28(1):45-48.Zhang W X,Zhu D F,Lin X Q,Xu Y C,Lin X J,Chen H Z,Zhang Y P.The effects of different sowing densities and raising materials on seedling quality of mechanical transplanting rice.J Yangzhou Univ:Agric Life Sci Ed.2007,28(1):45-48.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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