豫南“籼改粳”理论与技术研究进展
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摘要
简要介绍了豫南稻区"籼改粳"的基本情况和在理论技术方面的研究进展。高温、稻瘟病和纹枯病、三代三化螟危害是豫南粳稻产量低、品质差的三大障碍因子,而播期早是产生障碍的根源,推迟粳稻播期是"籼改粳"的关键技术;豫南"籼稻-小麦"轮作存在制度缺陷,推迟粳稻播期可以得到修复,因秧龄过长而减产、机插秧以及抛秧难以利用等问题得到解决;增产提质、机械化、轻简化、规模化生产是"籼改粳"的必然选择;"东粳西移"是解决豫南粳稻品种利用的有效途径;机插秧、抛秧有利于实现粳稻推迟播种,而"泥质法"育秧解决了高温条件下育秧的问题,提高了机插秧、抛秧的秧苗素质;粳稻晚播稻瘟病、纹枯病和三化螟已不再是豫南"籼改粳"的毁灭性病虫害,恶苗病、干尖线虫病、稻蓟马、稻曲病上升为主要病虫害;水稻两段栽培技术是根据水稻高产稳产生长发育规律,分别从群体、形态和机能构建三个方面进行栽培设计,按照营养生长和生殖生长两个阶段进行定向培育的一种栽培方法,不仅高产稳产,而且减肥减药。
This paper briefly introduced the basic situation and theoretical and technological progress of "changing indica rice to japonica rice"in the south of Henan Province.High temperature,rice blast and sheath blight,the three generation of stem borer dam-age were the three obstacle factors to the low yield and poor quality of japonica rice in South Henan,and early sowing was the root cause,delaying sowing time of japonica rice was the key technology of "changing indica rice to japonica rice"; institutional defects of"indica rice-wheat "rotation in south Henan could be repaired by delayed sowing time of japonica rice,reduction of output because of the long seedling age transplanting,mechanical transplanting and throw-planting difficult to utilize could be solved; to increase pro-duction and improve quality,to adapt to mechanization,light simplification and large-scale production,was the inevitable choice for"changing indica rice to japonica rice "; "east japonica rice to west "was an effective way to solve variety utilization of japonica rice in southern Henan; mechanical transplanting and throw-planting were in favor of realizing delaying sowing of japonica rice,and"silt open seedling raising"solved the problem of raising seedlings under high temperature conditions,and improved the seedling quality;rice blast,sheath blight and yellow borer were not the devastating diseases and insect pest in " changing indica rice to japonica rice"in delayed sowing of japonica rice,bakanae disease,stem tip nematode,rice thrips,rice false smut were rising as the main diseases and insect pests; the two-stages cultivation was a cultivation method of directional cultivation accordance with the vegetative growth and reproductive growth,based on the growth and development of high yield of rice,designed from rice population,shapes,function construction.It could get high and stable yield,reduce fertilizer and pesticides.
This paper briefly introduced the basic situation and theoretical and technological progress of "changing indica rice to japonica rice"in the south of Henan Province.High temperature,rice blast and sheath blight,the three generation of stem borer dam-age were the three obstacle factors to the low yield and poor quality of japonica rice in South Henan,and early sowing was the root cause,delaying sowing time of japonica rice was the key technology of "changing indica rice to japonica rice"; institutional defects of"indica rice-wheat "rotation in south Henan could be repaired by delayed sowing time of japonica rice,reduction of output because of the long seedling age transplanting,mechanical transplanting and throw-planting difficult to utilize could be solved; to increase pro-duction and improve quality,to adapt to mechanization,light simplification and large-scale production,was the inevitable choice for"changing indica rice to japonica rice "; "east japonica rice to west "was an effective way to solve variety utilization of japonica rice in southern Henan; mechanical transplanting and throw-planting were in favor of realizing delaying sowing of japonica rice,and"silt open seedling raising"solved the problem of raising seedlings under high temperature conditions,and improved the seedling quality;rice blast,sheath blight and yellow borer were not the devastating diseases and insect pest in " changing indica rice to japonica rice"in delayed sowing of japonica rice,bakanae disease,stem tip nematode,rice thrips,rice false smut were rising as the main diseases and insect pests; the two-stages cultivation was a cultivation method of directional cultivation accordance with the vegetative growth and reproductive growth,based on the growth and development of high yield of rice,designed from rice population,shapes,function construction.It could get high and stable yield,reduce fertilizer and pesticides.
引文
[1]宋世枝,崔满星.豫南水稻延后栽培的可行性探讨[J].河南农业科学,2000(8):8-9.
[2]宋世枝,何盛莲,段斌,等.浅析豫南粳稻优质高产栽培策略[J].信阳师范学院学报:自然科学版,2001,14(2):241-243.
[3]宋世枝,段斌,何世界.豫南粳稻高产优质障碍因子与栽培对策[J].中国农学通报,2005(5):206-208.
[4]宋世枝,段斌,扶定,等.粳稻在豫南晚播的生长发育及增产效果研究[J].信阳师范学院学报:自然科学版,2002,15(1):104-106.
[5]宋世枝,段斌,何世界.豫南水稻延后栽培的效果及应用评价[J].耕作与栽培,2004(1):33-62.
[6]方玲,宋世枝,段斌,等.豫南粳稻播期调整后抽穗灌浆期间温度变化及对产量和品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(4):218-220.
[7]刘秋员,宋晓华,段斌,等.播期对豫南地区粳稻稻米品质的影响[J].河南农业科学,2016(2):17-21.
[8]宋世枝,段斌,何世界,等.影响杂交粳稻在一季中籼稻区优势发挥的障碍及栽培对策[J].杂交水稻,2010(S1):441-443.
[9]宋世枝,方玲,段斌,等.调整播期对豫南粳稻稻瘟病及纹枯病发病条件的影响[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(4):276-277.
[10]段斌,宋世枝,何世界,等.豫南粳稻安全齐穗期和最佳播种期研究[J].中国稻米,2015,21(1):45-47.
[11]宋世枝,祁玉良,段斌,等.籼改粳对豫南水稻耕作制的影响及对策[J].河南农业科学,2007(4):49-50.
[12]宋世枝,段斌,何世界,等.豫南“籼稻-小麦”耕作制度的缺陷及优化途径[J].中国稻米,2011,17(6):47-48.
[13]段斌,宋世枝,何世界,等.信阳地区粳稻晚播气候资源利用率分析[J].中国稻米,2016,22(6):42-45.
[14]宋世枝,段斌,何世界,等.从粳稻的比较优势看豫南“籼改粳”[J].中国稻米,2014,20(1):48-50+56.
[15]周国勤,宋世枝,祁玉良,等.豫南粳稻/小麦两季高产机理分析及配套栽培技术[J].湖北农业科学,2015,54(5):1 035-1 037.
[16]宋世枝,段斌,何世界,等.水稻抛植苗原床泥质露天育秧法的设计与效果[J].中国稻米,2007,13(1):40-42.
[17]宋晓华,刘秋员,段斌,等.水稻抛植苗“泥质法”育秧优势机理研究综述[J].中国稻米,2016,22(3):14-16.
[2]宋世枝,何盛莲,段斌,等.浅析豫南粳稻优质高产栽培策略[J].信阳师范学院学报:自然科学版,2001,14(2):241-243.
[3]宋世枝,段斌,何世界.豫南粳稻高产优质障碍因子与栽培对策[J].中国农学通报,2005(5):206-208.
[4]宋世枝,段斌,扶定,等.粳稻在豫南晚播的生长发育及增产效果研究[J].信阳师范学院学报:自然科学版,2002,15(1):104-106.
[5]宋世枝,段斌,何世界.豫南水稻延后栽培的效果及应用评价[J].耕作与栽培,2004(1):33-62.
[6]方玲,宋世枝,段斌,等.豫南粳稻播期调整后抽穗灌浆期间温度变化及对产量和品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(4):218-220.
[7]刘秋员,宋晓华,段斌,等.播期对豫南地区粳稻稻米品质的影响[J].河南农业科学,2016(2):17-21.
[8]宋世枝,段斌,何世界,等.影响杂交粳稻在一季中籼稻区优势发挥的障碍及栽培对策[J].杂交水稻,2010(S1):441-443.
[9]宋世枝,方玲,段斌,等.调整播期对豫南粳稻稻瘟病及纹枯病发病条件的影响[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(4):276-277.
[10]段斌,宋世枝,何世界,等.豫南粳稻安全齐穗期和最佳播种期研究[J].中国稻米,2015,21(1):45-47.
[11]宋世枝,祁玉良,段斌,等.籼改粳对豫南水稻耕作制的影响及对策[J].河南农业科学,2007(4):49-50.
[12]宋世枝,段斌,何世界,等.豫南“籼稻-小麦”耕作制度的缺陷及优化途径[J].中国稻米,2011,17(6):47-48.
[13]段斌,宋世枝,何世界,等.信阳地区粳稻晚播气候资源利用率分析[J].中国稻米,2016,22(6):42-45.
[14]宋世枝,段斌,何世界,等.从粳稻的比较优势看豫南“籼改粳”[J].中国稻米,2014,20(1):48-50+56.
[15]周国勤,宋世枝,祁玉良,等.豫南粳稻/小麦两季高产机理分析及配套栽培技术[J].湖北农业科学,2015,54(5):1 035-1 037.
[16]宋世枝,段斌,何世界,等.水稻抛植苗原床泥质露天育秧法的设计与效果[J].中国稻米,2007,13(1):40-42.
[17]宋晓华,刘秋员,段斌,等.水稻抛植苗“泥质法”育秧优势机理研究综述[J].中国稻米,2016,22(3):14-16.