乡村地域多功能空间分异特征及类型识别——以辽宁省78个区县为例
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摘要
以具有国家粮食基地和老工业基地的经济功能与特征的辽宁省为例,通过构建乡村地域多功能评价指标体系,采用ArcGIS自然间断点分级法和全局空间自相关分析农业生产、非农生产、居住生活和生态保障四类功能的空间格局特征,采用Spearman等级相关系数定量分析功能间交互作用,识别各区县优势功能类型,并提出未来发展的政策建议。结果表明:(1)从省域层面看,乡村地域功能空间格局的空间差异性和空间集聚特征显著;(2)根据乡村地域功能间的相关关系和功能间的互动实际,得出各功能间的交互作用类型,从而为功能调控提供指导;(3)基于功能状态和功能间的交互作用,将辽宁省78个区县划分为8种乡村地域功能类型,并根据类型提出科学谋划辽宁乡村未来发展的初步建议,为促进乡村转型与城乡统筹提供参考。
In the new era, China is promoting integrated urban and rural areas. Rural territory is in the process of transformation, development and reconstruction. The features of rural territorial function diversification and multi-functionality have become more and more obvious.This paper takes Liaoning province, which is one of the national grain producing bases and old industrial bases in China, as the research area. It constructs an evaluation index system of rural territorial multifunctions from the following four aspects: agricultural production function, nonagricultural production function, dwelling and living function, and ecological service function.Jenks and Global Spatial Autocorrelation are used to explore the spatial pattern and spatial correlation of rural territorial functions. The Spearman's rho is used to analyze the interactions among rural territorial functions. This paper identifies the dominant function types of different counties in Liaoning province, and puts forward policy recommendations for their future development. The results of the study are reflected in the following three aspects:(1) The spatial distribution of rural territorial functions has obvious spatial heterogeneity and spatial agglomeration characteristics in Liaoning province. The highest and higher values of agricultural production function concentrate in the Liaohe River Plain. Non-agricultural production function decreases from the core urban areas, the highest, and higher values areas to the outside. The highest, higher, and middle values of dwelling and living function concentrate in municipal districts. The highest and higher values of ecological service function are observed in the mountainous areas.(2) According to the correlation among rural territorial functions and the actual interaction among functions, the types of interaction among functions have been clearly identified, which can provide guidance for the regulation of functions.(3)Based on the status and interactions of different functions, eight types of rural territorial functions have been identified. According to the types, preliminary proposals are put forward for the future development of rural areas in Liaoning province, which would provide references for the promotion of the rural transformation and the balanced urban and rural development.
In the new era, China is promoting integrated urban and rural areas. Rural territory is in the process of transformation, development and reconstruction. The features of rural territorial function diversification and multi-functionality have become more and more obvious.This paper takes Liaoning province, which is one of the national grain producing bases and old industrial bases in China, as the research area. It constructs an evaluation index system of rural territorial multifunctions from the following four aspects: agricultural production function, nonagricultural production function, dwelling and living function, and ecological service function.Jenks and Global Spatial Autocorrelation are used to explore the spatial pattern and spatial correlation of rural territorial functions. The Spearman's rho is used to analyze the interactions among rural territorial functions. This paper identifies the dominant function types of different counties in Liaoning province, and puts forward policy recommendations for their future development. The results of the study are reflected in the following three aspects:(1) The spatial distribution of rural territorial functions has obvious spatial heterogeneity and spatial agglomeration characteristics in Liaoning province. The highest and higher values of agricultural production function concentrate in the Liaohe River Plain. Non-agricultural production function decreases from the core urban areas, the highest, and higher values areas to the outside. The highest, higher, and middle values of dwelling and living function concentrate in municipal districts. The highest and higher values of ecological service function are observed in the mountainous areas.(2) According to the correlation among rural territorial functions and the actual interaction among functions, the types of interaction among functions have been clearly identified, which can provide guidance for the regulation of functions.(3)Based on the status and interactions of different functions, eight types of rural territorial functions have been identified. According to the types, preliminary proposals are put forward for the future development of rural areas in Liaoning province, which would provide references for the promotion of the rural transformation and the balanced urban and rural development.
引文
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(1)沈阳市和平区、沈河区、大东区、皇姑区、铁西区,大连市中山区、西岗区、沙河口区,鞍山市铁东区、铁西区、立山区,抚顺市新抚区、东洲区、望花区,丹东市元宝区、振兴区,锦州市古塔区、凌河区,营口市站前区、西市区,辽阳市白塔区、宏伟区。
(2)2015年长海县渔业产值占GDP的53.84%,渔业是该县的支柱产业,人均林牧渔产值居辽宁省首位,农业生产功能突出。
[2]Potter C,Burney J.Agricultural multifunctionality in the WTO:Legitimate non-trade concern or disguised protectionism?.Journal of Rural Studies,2002,18(1):35-47.
[3]Sigura M.Rural landscape multifunctionality:A GIS based approach for assessing areas characterised by ecological functions.Journal of Agricultural Engineering,2010,41(4):29-36.
[4]Knickel K,Kroger M.Evaluation of policies in terms of the multifunctionality of agriculture and rural space:More integrative conceptual and analytical frameworks needed.International Journal of Agricultural Resources Governance&Ecology,2008,7(4):399-418.
[5]Willemen L,Verburg P H,Hein L,et al.Spatial characterization of landscape functions.Landscape&Urban Planning,2008,88(1):34-43.
[6]Gimona A,Dan V D H.Mapping hotspots of multiple landscape functions:A case study on farmland afforestation in Scotland.Landscape Ecology,2007,22(8):1255-1264.
[7]Eupen M V,Metzger M J,Pérez-Soba M,et al.A rural typology for strategic European policies.Land Use Policy,2012,29(3):473-482.
[8]Philip Lowe,Neil Ward.England's rural futures:A socio-geographical approach to scenarios analysis.Regional Studies,2009,43(10):1319-1332.
[9]Willemen L,Hein L,Verburg P H.Evaluating the impact of regional development policies on future landscape services.Ecological Economics,2010,69(11):2244-2254.
[10]Sorrensen C.Potential hazards of land policy:Conservation,rural development and fire use in the Brazilian Amazon.Land Use Policy,2009,26(3):782-791.
[11]Willemen L,Hein L,Mensvoort M E F V,et al.Space for people,plants,and livestock?Quantifying interactions among multiple landscape functions in a Dutch rural region.Ecological Indicators,2010,10(1):62-73.
[12]Holmes J,Argent N.Rural transitions in the Nambucca Valley:Socio-demographic change in a disadvantaged rural locale.Journal of Rural Studies,2016,48:129-142.
[13]Donald P F,Pisano G,Rayment M D,et al.The common agricultural policy,EU enlargement and the conservation of Europe's farmland birds.Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2002,89(3):167-182.
[14]Argent N,Tonts M,Jones R,et al.A creativity-led rural renaissance?Amenity-led migration,the creative turn and the uneven development of rural Australia.Applied Geography,2013,44(4):88-98.
[15]龙花楼,邹健,李婷婷,等.乡村转型发展特征评价及地域类型划分:以“苏南-陕北”样带为例.地理研究,2012,31(3):495-506.[Long Hualou,Zou Jian,Li Tingting,et al.Study on the characteristics and territorial types of rural transformation development:The case of"Southern Jiangsu-Northern Shaanxi"transect.Geographical Research,2012,31(3):495-506.]
[16]龙花楼.论土地利用转型与乡村转型发展.地理科学进展,2012,31(2):131-138.[Long Hualou.Land use transition and rural transformation development.Progress in Geography,2012,31(2):131-138.]
[17]王子侨,石翠萍,蒋维,等.社会-生态系统体制转换视角下的黄土高原乡村转型发展:以长武县洪家镇为例.地理研究,2016,35(8):1510-1524.[Wang Ziqiao,Shi Cuiping,Jiang Wei,et al.Rural transformation from the perspective of regime shifts of socio-ecological systems in the Loess Plateau:A case study of Hongjia town in Changwu county,China.Geographical Research,2016,35(8):1510-1524.]
[18]龙花楼.论土地整治与乡村空间重构.地理学报,2013,68(8):1019-1028.[Long Hualou.Land consolidation and rural spatial restructuring.Acta Geographica Sinica,2013,68(8):1019-1028.]
[19]陈培培,张敏.从美丽乡村到都市居民消费空间:行动者网络理论与大世凹村的社会空间重构.地理研究,2015,34(8):1435-1446.[Chen Peipei,Zhang Min.From beautiful village to urban residents'consumption space:Actor-network theory and the social space reconstruction of Dashiao village.Geographical Research,2015,34(8):1435-1446.]
[20]刘玉,冯健.城乡结合部农业地域功能实现程度及变化趋势:以北京为例.地理研究,2017,36(4):673-683.[Liu Yu,Feng Jian.Analysis on execution and change of regional function of agriculture in rural-urban fringe:A case study of Beijing.Geographical Research,2017,36(4):673-683.]
[21]刘玉,刘彦随,郭丽英.乡村地域多功能的内涵及其政策启示.人文地理,2011,26(6):103-106,132.[Liu Yu,Liu Yansui,Guo Liying.Connotations of rural regional multifunction and its policy implications in China.Human Geography,2011,21(6):103-106,132.]
[22]房艳刚,刘继生.基于多功能理论的中国乡村发展多元化探讨:超越“现代化”发展范式.地理学报,2015,70(2):257-270.[Fang Yangang,Liu Jisheng.Diversified agriculture and rural development in China based on multifunction theory:Beyond modernization paradigm.Acta Geographica Sinica,2015,70(2):257-270.]
[23]刘彦随,刘玉,陈玉福.中国地域多功能性评价及其决策机制.地理学报,2011,66(10):1379-1389.[Liu Yansui,Liu Yu,Chen Yufu.Territorial multi-functionality evaluation and decision-making mechanism at county scale in China.Acta Geographica Sinica,2011,66(10):1379-1389.]
[24]唐林楠,刘玉,潘瑜春,等.基于BP模型和Ward法的北京市平谷区乡村地域功能评价与分区.地理科学,2016,36(10):1514-1521.[Tang Linnan,Liu Yu,Pan Yuchun,et al.Evaluation and zoning of rural regional multifunction based on BPmodel and Ward method:A case in the Pinggu district of Beijing city.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2016,36(10):1514-1521.]
[25]洪惠坤,谢德体,郭莉滨,等.多功能视角下的山区乡村空间功能分异特征及类型划分.生态学报,2017,37(7):2415-2427.[Hong Huikun,Xie Deti,Guo Libin,et al.Differentiation of spatial function in a mountainous rural area from a multi-functional perspective.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(7):2415-2427.]
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(1)沈阳市和平区、沈河区、大东区、皇姑区、铁西区,大连市中山区、西岗区、沙河口区,鞍山市铁东区、铁西区、立山区,抚顺市新抚区、东洲区、望花区,丹东市元宝区、振兴区,锦州市古塔区、凌河区,营口市站前区、西市区,辽阳市白塔区、宏伟区。
(2)2015年长海县渔业产值占GDP的53.84%,渔业是该县的支柱产业,人均林牧渔产值居辽宁省首位,农业生产功能突出。