喀斯特地区坡面径流对产沙的影响
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摘要
贵州省关岭县蚂蝗田小流域属典型喀斯特流域,根据小流域2009—2012年6个坡面径流小区的定位观测资料,研究了乔木林(黄花梨)、灌木林(女贞)、撂荒草地三种不同植被类型下坡面径流对产沙的影响。结果表明:三种植被类型的产流次数相同,但产沙次数存在较大差异,表现为荒草地>乔木林>灌木林;灌木林与乔木林的年均径流量相差不大,荒草地的年均径流量是它们总和的2倍;荒草地的年均产沙量最大,为55.17t/km~2,是灌木林的11倍,乔木林的6倍;乔木林的产流量与产沙量无明显相关关系;灌木林表现出线性关系,拟合方程为y=0.1707x+0.2526,R2值为0.48;荒草地表现为幂函数关系,拟合方程为y=0.3246x1.2965,R2值为0.64。
Mahuangtian watershed is a typical karst basin in Guanling County of Guizhou Province.According to the observation data of six slope runoff plots from 2009 to 2012in the small watershed,we′ve studied the effect of runoff on sediment in three different vegetation types,which are arbor forest,shrub forest and abandoned grassland.The main results are as followings.Three vegetation types had the same effect in times of runoff,but sediment yield events were different,the yield of sediment decreased in the order:grassland>arbor land>shrub forest;annual runoff in shrub land and arbor forest land was similar but the annual runoff of grassland was double as the total of former two types.Annual sediment yield of grassland was 55.17t/km~2 which is11 times of sediment yield in the shrub forest,and 6times of sediment yield in arbor;the runoff and sediment yield showed no significant connection in arbor forest but the linear relationship between runoff and sediment yield was found in shrub forest,the fitting equation is y=0.1707x+0.2526,R2 values is 0.48,and power function relationship was found in grassland,the fitting equation is y=0.3246x1.2965,R2 values is 0.64.
Mahuangtian watershed is a typical karst basin in Guanling County of Guizhou Province.According to the observation data of six slope runoff plots from 2009 to 2012in the small watershed,we′ve studied the effect of runoff on sediment in three different vegetation types,which are arbor forest,shrub forest and abandoned grassland.The main results are as followings.Three vegetation types had the same effect in times of runoff,but sediment yield events were different,the yield of sediment decreased in the order:grassland>arbor land>shrub forest;annual runoff in shrub land and arbor forest land was similar but the annual runoff of grassland was double as the total of former two types.Annual sediment yield of grassland was 55.17t/km~2 which is11 times of sediment yield in the shrub forest,and 6times of sediment yield in arbor;the runoff and sediment yield showed no significant connection in arbor forest but the linear relationship between runoff and sediment yield was found in shrub forest,the fitting equation is y=0.1707x+0.2526,R2 values is 0.48,and power function relationship was found in grassland,the fitting equation is y=0.3246x1.2965,R2 values is 0.64.
引文
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[16]纪启芳,张兴奇,张科利,等.贵州省喀斯特地区坡面产沙产流特征[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(4):1-5.
[17]刘艳,刘学全,崔鸿侠,等.长江中游低丘黄壤坡面地表径流产沙规律初探[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(1):149-153.
[18]陈奇伯,寸玉康,刘芝芹,等.滇西高原不同地类坡面产流产沙规律研究[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(2):71-73.
[19]张旭东,周金星,黄玲玲.中亚热带黄壤丘陵区不同植被恢复模式产流产沙特征[R].海峡两岸环境与资源学术研讨会学术论文集,2007.
[2]姚云.不同坡长条件下扰动地表对紫色土坡面土壤可蚀性的影响[D].重庆:西南大学,2014.
[3]Cerda A.Soil Erosion after Land Abandonment in a Semiarid Environment of Southern Spain[J].Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation,1997,11:163-176.
[4]Carroll C,Hal pin M,Burger P,et al.The Effect of Crop Type,Crop Rotation,and Tillage Practice on Runoff and Soil Loss on a Vertisol in Central Queensland[J].Geomorphology,2000,32:385-415.
[5]艾宁,魏天兴,朱清科,陕北黄土高原不同植被类型下降雨对坡面径流侵蚀产沙的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(2):26-30.
[6]杨春霞,肖培青,甄斌,等.野外不同被覆坡面产流产沙特征[J].水上保持学报,2012,26(4):28-36.
[7]余新晓,张学霞,李建牢,等.黄上地区小流域植被覆盖和降水对侵蚀产沙过程的影响[J].生态学报,2006,26(1):1-8.
[8]刘栋,刘普灵,邓瑞芬,等.不同卜垫面径流小区次降雨侵蚀特征相关分析[J].水上保持通报,2011,31(2):99-102.
[9]胡顺光.贵州喀斯特区小流域尺度生态治理的水土流失机制研究[D].贵阳:贵州师范大学,2008.
[10]蒋荣,张兴奇,张科利,等.喀斯特地区不同林草植被的减流减沙作用[J].水土保持通报,2013,33(1):18-22.
[11]纪启芳.贵州喀斯特地区坡面不同植被的减流减沙作用[D].南京:南京大学,2013.
[12]周素萍,张兴奇,张科利,等.贵州喀斯特地区不同生物措施的水土保持效果[J].贵州农业科学,2011,39(4):117-120.
[13]刘凤仙.贵州喀斯特地区林草措施对水土流失的影响[J].中国水土保持,2007(12):38-39.
[14]刘凤仙,覃莉,顾再柯.贵州省水土保持监测点观测数据整编的做法及存在问题[J].中国水土保持,2014(3):59-61.
[15]李瑞,刘瑞禄,吕涛,等.贵州省喀斯特地区典型小流域不同种植模式坡面径流产沙研究[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(5):132-135.
[16]纪启芳,张兴奇,张科利,等.贵州省喀斯特地区坡面产沙产流特征[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(4):1-5.
[17]刘艳,刘学全,崔鸿侠,等.长江中游低丘黄壤坡面地表径流产沙规律初探[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(1):149-153.
[18]陈奇伯,寸玉康,刘芝芹,等.滇西高原不同地类坡面产流产沙规律研究[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(2):71-73.
[19]张旭东,周金星,黄玲玲.中亚热带黄壤丘陵区不同植被恢复模式产流产沙特征[R].海峡两岸环境与资源学术研讨会学术论文集,2007.