坡长对贵州喀斯特区黄壤坡耕地土壤侵蚀的影响
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摘要
为揭示坡长对喀斯特坡耕地土壤侵蚀的影响作用,根据贵州省毕节石桥小流域水土保持监测点监测资料,研究了坡长为5,10,15,20,25m的径流小区在次降雨条件下土壤侵蚀随坡长的变化规律。结果表明:喀斯特坡耕地坡面年内径流深随坡长增加表现为先减小后增大再减小;次降雨量小于30mm时,径流深随着坡长的增加先增大后减小;次降雨量大于30mm时,径流深随坡长增加表现为先减小后增大再减小。年内平均土壤侵蚀模数随着坡长的变化呈现一次函数关系的增长,拟合度R2=0.9217;次降雨量小于30mm时,土壤侵蚀模数随着坡长的变化呈现先急剧增加后减小的趋势,峰值出现在10m;次降雨量大于30mm时,土壤侵蚀模数随着坡长的变化亦呈现一次函数的增长关系,拟合度R2=0.9146。在最大30min雨强为25mm/h和41.4mm/h条件下,随着坡长的增加,径流深均表现为先减小后增大再减小,土壤侵蚀模数均表现为先增大后减小。
This article studies the change rule of soil erosion and sediment yield with the slope length according to the monitoring data of soil and water conservation monitoring from runoff plots with the slope lengths of 5,10,15,20 and 25 meters in Shiqiao small watershed in Bijie District in Guizhou Province.The results show that the annual runoff depths of slope surface in Karst sloping farmland decrease first,then increase and decrease later with the increase of slope length;when the rainfall is less than 30 mm,runoff depth increases first and then decreases with the increase of slope length;when the rainfall is greater than 30 mm,runoff depths decrease first,then increase and decrease later;the average soil erosion modulus within a year presents the linear function(R2=0.9217);when the rainfall is less than 30 mm,soil erosion modulus shows a trend of first sharp increasing and then decreasing,the peak value appears on the slope with length of 10 m;when the rainfall is greater than 30 mm,soil erosion modulus within a year also presents a linear function(R~2=0.9146);under the condition of maximum thirty-minute rainfall intensities of 25 mm/h and 41.4 mm/h,the runoff depth decreases first,then increases and decreases later,and the soil erosion modulus increases first and then decreases with the increase of slope length.
This article studies the change rule of soil erosion and sediment yield with the slope length according to the monitoring data of soil and water conservation monitoring from runoff plots with the slope lengths of 5,10,15,20 and 25 meters in Shiqiao small watershed in Bijie District in Guizhou Province.The results show that the annual runoff depths of slope surface in Karst sloping farmland decrease first,then increase and decrease later with the increase of slope length;when the rainfall is less than 30 mm,runoff depth increases first and then decreases with the increase of slope length;when the rainfall is greater than 30 mm,runoff depths decrease first,then increase and decrease later;the average soil erosion modulus within a year presents the linear function(R2=0.9217);when the rainfall is less than 30 mm,soil erosion modulus shows a trend of first sharp increasing and then decreasing,the peak value appears on the slope with length of 10 m;when the rainfall is greater than 30 mm,soil erosion modulus within a year also presents a linear function(R~2=0.9146);under the condition of maximum thirty-minute rainfall intensities of 25 mm/h and 41.4 mm/h,the runoff depth decreases first,then increases and decreases later,and the soil erosion modulus increases first and then decreases with the increase of slope length.
引文
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[9]陈正发,郭宏忠,史东梅,等.地形因子对紫色土坡耕地土壤侵蚀作用的试验研究[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(5):83-87.
[10]付兴涛,张丽萍,叶碎高.经济林地坡长对侵蚀产沙动态过程影响的模拟[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(4):73-77.
[11]郭新亚,张兴奇,顾礼彬,等.坡长对黔西北地区坡面产流产沙的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(2):40-44.
[12]何永彬,李豪.白云岩喀斯特侵蚀坡地的137 Cs法研究[J].云南地理环境研究,2015,27(2):1-6.
[13]蒋荣.地形因子对贵州喀斯特地区坡面土壤侵蚀的影响[D].南京:南京大学,2013.
[14]何永彬,张信宝,李豪.喀斯特白云岩坡地土壤异质性特征与土壤保育模式研究[J].地球与环境,2013(1):77-81.
[15]付兴涛.坡面径流侵蚀产沙及动力学过程的坡长效应研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2012.
[16]付兴涛,张丽萍.红壤丘陵区坡长对作物覆盖坡耕地土壤侵蚀的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(5):91-98.
[17]穆恩深.喀斯特区石桥小流域不同条件的坡面径流的产流特征分析[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(2):939-941.
[18]李瑞,岳坤前.贵州喀斯特地区坡面土壤侵蚀机理研究[J].科学技术与工程,2015,15(7):151-153.
[19]王恒松,熊康宁,张芳美,等.地形因子对喀斯特坡面水土流失影响的机理研究[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(4):1-7.
[2]黎四龙,蔡强国,王忠科.坡长对径流及侵蚀的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,1998(1):29-35.
[3]汪晓勇,郑粉莉.黄土坡面坡长对侵蚀搬运过程的影响研究[J].水土保持通报,2008,2(3):1-4.
[4]陈晓安,蔡强国,张利超,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区不同雨强下坡长对坡面土壤侵蚀的影响[J].土壤通报,2011,42(3):721-725.
[5]魏天兴,朱金兆.黄土残塬区坡度和坡长对土壤侵蚀的影响分析[J].北京林业大学学报,2002,24(1):60-62.
[6]郭伟玲.坡度和坡长尺度效应与尺度变换研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2012.
[7]王建勋,郑粉莉,江忠善,等.基于WEPP的黄土丘陵区不同坡长条件下坡面土壤侵蚀预测[J].北京林业大学学报,2008,30(2):151-156.
[8]陈俊杰,孙莉英,刘俊体,等.不同坡长与雨强条件下坡度对细沟侵蚀的影响[J].水土保持通报,2013,33(2):1-5.
[9]陈正发,郭宏忠,史东梅,等.地形因子对紫色土坡耕地土壤侵蚀作用的试验研究[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(5):83-87.
[10]付兴涛,张丽萍,叶碎高.经济林地坡长对侵蚀产沙动态过程影响的模拟[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(4):73-77.
[11]郭新亚,张兴奇,顾礼彬,等.坡长对黔西北地区坡面产流产沙的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(2):40-44.
[12]何永彬,李豪.白云岩喀斯特侵蚀坡地的137 Cs法研究[J].云南地理环境研究,2015,27(2):1-6.
[13]蒋荣.地形因子对贵州喀斯特地区坡面土壤侵蚀的影响[D].南京:南京大学,2013.
[14]何永彬,张信宝,李豪.喀斯特白云岩坡地土壤异质性特征与土壤保育模式研究[J].地球与环境,2013(1):77-81.
[15]付兴涛.坡面径流侵蚀产沙及动力学过程的坡长效应研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2012.
[16]付兴涛,张丽萍.红壤丘陵区坡长对作物覆盖坡耕地土壤侵蚀的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(5):91-98.
[17]穆恩深.喀斯特区石桥小流域不同条件的坡面径流的产流特征分析[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(2):939-941.
[18]李瑞,岳坤前.贵州喀斯特地区坡面土壤侵蚀机理研究[J].科学技术与工程,2015,15(7):151-153.
[19]王恒松,熊康宁,张芳美,等.地形因子对喀斯特坡面水土流失影响的机理研究[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(4):1-7.