对旋风力机功率测量的风洞实验研究
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摘要
通过风洞对比试验,测量同半径单级和对旋风力机在相同风速条件下的机械功率。验证单级风力机Wilson气动设计方法和对旋风力机气动耦合设计方法的合理性。通过变转速、变距、变级间距、变风速等方法,获得2种风力机最佳机械功率曲线。结果表明,同工况条件下实验测量的功率略低于CFD预测值;在转速增加约10%及桨距减小约10%后最佳功率超过预测值。表明理论设计法较保守,其设计的桨叶安装角再减少5°～10°,叶尖速比略增大10%,单级和对旋风力机的功率系数尚可提高。对旋风力机启动风速略高于单级风力机,其他风速的功率均高于单级,功率系数达到0.339～0.412,提高率为5.3%～28.9%。额定风速最佳功率系数为0.426,较单级功率系数0.373,提高率为14.2%。
This paper presents the comparison of mechanical power measurement for traditional and contra-rotating wind turbines for identical radius under same free stream velocity in wind tunnel. In order to validate the Wilson design method for single turbine and the coupled aerodynamic design method for contra-rotating wind turbines,the rotating speed,pitch angle,stage distance and free stream velocity are varied to capture the maximum mechanical power. The results indicate that the measured experimental power is slightly smaller than CFD prediction under same working conditions. However,10% reduction of pitch angles,that is 5°-10° in range and 10% raise of tip speed ratio from theoretical design helps to improve performance of both turbines. The maximum power captured in experiment is bigger than CFD prediction. Except for higher start-up wind speed,contra-rotating wind turbine achieves higher power coefficient than that of single turbine in all wind speed tested. The absolute power coefficient is 0.339-0.412,with rise ratio 5.3%-28.9%. At rated condition,the maximum power coefficient of contra-rotating turbine and single turbines are 0.426 and 0.373,and the riseratio is 16.4%.
This paper presents the comparison of mechanical power measurement for traditional and contra-rotating wind turbines for identical radius under same free stream velocity in wind tunnel. In order to validate the Wilson design method for single turbine and the coupled aerodynamic design method for contra-rotating wind turbines,the rotating speed,pitch angle,stage distance and free stream velocity are varied to capture the maximum mechanical power. The results indicate that the measured experimental power is slightly smaller than CFD prediction under same working conditions. However,10% reduction of pitch angles,that is 5°-10° in range and 10% raise of tip speed ratio from theoretical design helps to improve performance of both turbines. The maximum power captured in experiment is bigger than CFD prediction. Except for higher start-up wind speed,contra-rotating wind turbine achieves higher power coefficient than that of single turbine in all wind speed tested. The absolute power coefficient is 0.339-0.412,with rise ratio 5.3%-28.9%. At rated condition,the maximum power coefficient of contra-rotating turbine and single turbines are 0.426 and 0.373,and the riseratio is 16.4%.
引文
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[14]高深.对旋风力机气动设计和数值模拟[D].西安:西北工业大学,2016.[14]Gao Shen.Aerodynamic design and numerical simulation of contra-rotating wind turbines[D].Xi’an:Northwestern Polytechnical University,2016.
[15]Usui Yuta,Kubo Koichi,Kanemoto Toshiaki.Intelligent wind power unit with tandem wind rotors and armatures(optimization of front blade profile)[J].Journal of Energy and Power Engineering,2012,6:1791-1799.
[2]Newman B G.Actuator-disc theory for vertical-axis wind turbines[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,1983,15(1):347-355.
[3]Newman B G.Multiple actuator-disc theory for wind turbines[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,1986,24(3):215-225.
[4]Jureczko M,Pawlak M,Mezyk A.Optimisation of wind turbine blades[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2005,167:463-471.
[5]Ushiyama I,Shimota T,Miura Y.An experimental study of the two-staged wind turbines[J].Renewable Energy,1996,9(1-4):909-912.
[6]Appa K.Counter rotating wind turbine system[R].Energy Innovation Small Grant(EISG)Final Report,2002:1-40.
[7]Habas R W Y,Groza V,Guillemette P.Performance optimization of dual-rotor wind turbine system[A].IEEEElectrical Power&Energy Conference[C],Halifax,NS,Canada,2010.
[8]Habash R W Y,Groza V,Yang Y,et al.Performance of a contrarotating small wind energy converter[J].ISRN Mechanical Engineering,2011,DOI:10.5402/2011/828739.
[9]Shen Wenzhong,Zakkam V A K,S?rensen J N,et al.Analysis of counterrotating wind turbines[J].Journal of Physics Conference Series,2007,75(1):012003.
[10]Lee Seungmin,Kim Hogeon,Son Eunkuk,et al.Effects of design parameters on aerodynamic performance of a counter-rotating wind turbine[J].Renewable Energy,2012,42:140-144.
[11]高深,赵旭,杨光,等.对旋风力机气动耦合设计[J].太阳能学报,2017,38(6):1468-1474.[11]Gao Shen,Zhao Xu,Yang Guang,et al.Coupled aerodynamic design method for counter-rotating wind turbines[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2017,38(6):1468-1474.
[12]赵丹平,徐宝清.风力机设计理论及方法[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2012.[12]Zhao Danping,Xu Baoqing.Wind turbine design theory and method[M].Beijing:Beijing University Press,2012.
[13]小型风力发电机风洞测试要求[R].中国空气动力研究与发展中心(征求意见稿),2006.[13]Wind tunnel test required of minitype wind powered generator[R].China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center(draft for comment),2006.
[14]高深.对旋风力机气动设计和数值模拟[D].西安:西北工业大学,2016.[14]Gao Shen.Aerodynamic design and numerical simulation of contra-rotating wind turbines[D].Xi’an:Northwestern Polytechnical University,2016.
[15]Usui Yuta,Kubo Koichi,Kanemoto Toshiaki.Intelligent wind power unit with tandem wind rotors and armatures(optimization of front blade profile)[J].Journal of Energy and Power Engineering,2012,6:1791-1799.