生物降解高分子缓释肥在多金属污染土壤中的固定化研究
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摘要
通过番茄盆栽试验研究了含有营养元素氮磷钾的生物降解高分子缓释肥(SRPFNPK)和具有吸水功能的生物降解高分子缓释肥(SRPFWA)对弱碱性多金属污染土壤植株稳定性的影响。结果表明,两种缓释肥处理后的土壤,养分含量、有机质含量、酶活性比空白对照土壤显著增加,土壤中Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb的有效态含量分别比空白对照土壤降低92.32%～99.10%、81.15%～96.06%、53.95%～78.51%、94.27%～99.05%;相关分析显示土壤有效磷含量、有机质含量与Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb的有效态含量呈负相关关系。与空白对照土壤相比,番茄产量显著增加,且重金属在番茄各组织内的累积量显著降低,其中果实中Cu、Cd的含量均低于食品安全标准和食品污染物限量标准。
Pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of a biodegradable slow-release polymeric fertilizer containing nutrient elements NPK(SRPFNPK) and a biodegradable slow—release polymeric fertilizer with the function of water absorption(SRPFWA) on the phytoavailibility of Cu,Zn,Cd and Pb in the multi-metal contaminated weak alkaline soils. The results showed that nutrient content,organic matter content and enzyme activity of soils significantly increased,however,phytoavailability of Cu,Zn,Cd and Pb in soils treated with SRPFNPK and SRPFWA reduced by 92.32%-99.10%,81.15%-96.06%,53.95%-78.51% and 94.27%-99.05% respectively.Correlation analysis showed that the soil available phosphorus(AP),organic matter contents(OM) were negatively correlated with the amount of Cu,Zn,Cd and Pb available in soils. Furthermore,tomatoes on the soils treated with SRPFNPK and SRPFWA resulted in higher total marketable yields but less accumulation of heavy metals in various tissues of tomatoes. The contents of Cu and Cd in the fruits were significantly lower than the food safety standards and the maximum allowable amounts of contaminants in foods.
Pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of a biodegradable slow-release polymeric fertilizer containing nutrient elements NPK(SRPFNPK) and a biodegradable slow—release polymeric fertilizer with the function of water absorption(SRPFWA) on the phytoavailibility of Cu,Zn,Cd and Pb in the multi-metal contaminated weak alkaline soils. The results showed that nutrient content,organic matter content and enzyme activity of soils significantly increased,however,phytoavailability of Cu,Zn,Cd and Pb in soils treated with SRPFNPK and SRPFWA reduced by 92.32%-99.10%,81.15%-96.06%,53.95%-78.51% and 94.27%-99.05% respectively.Correlation analysis showed that the soil available phosphorus(AP),organic matter contents(OM) were negatively correlated with the amount of Cu,Zn,Cd and Pb available in soils. Furthermore,tomatoes on the soils treated with SRPFNPK and SRPFWA resulted in higher total marketable yields but less accumulation of heavy metals in various tissues of tomatoes. The contents of Cu and Cd in the fruits were significantly lower than the food safety standards and the maximum allowable amounts of contaminants in foods.
引文
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[23]杨志新,冯圣东,刘树庆.镉,锌,铅单元素及其复合污染与土壤过氧化氢酶活性关系的研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2005,13(4):138-141.
[24]邹富桢,龙新宪,余光伟,等.混合改良剂钝化修复酸性多金属污染土壤的效应--基于重金属形态和植物有效性的评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(9):1787-1795.
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[27]李江遐,关强,黄伏森,等.不同改良剂对矿区土壤重金属有效性及土壤酶活性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(6):211-215.
[28]Wan J,Zhang C,Zeng G,et al.Synthesis and evaluation of a new class of stabilized nanochlorapatite for Pb immobilization in sediment[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2016,320:278-288.
[29]Hettiarachchi G M,Pierzynski G M,Ransom M D.In situ stabilization of soil lead using phosphorus[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2001,30(4):1214-1221.
[30]邵文山,李国旗.土壤酶功能及测定方法研究进展[J].北方园艺,2016(9):188-193.
[31]李清飞,王世香,邹法俊.有机肥对Cd,Pb复合污染酸性土壤生物特性和油菜生长的影响[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(3):71-74,106.
[2]Li H,Ye X,Geng Z,et al.The inf luence of biochar type on long-term stabilization for Cd and Cu in contaminated paddy soils[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2016,304:40-48.
[3]王洪才.重金属污染土壤淋洗修复技术和固化/稳定化修复技术研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2014.
[4]Mignardi S,Corami A,Ferrini V.Evaluation of the effectiveness of phosphate treatment for the remediation of mine waste soils contaminated with Cd,Cu,Pb,and Zn[J].Chemosphere,2012,86(4):354-360.
[5]Shen Z,Som A M,Wang F,et al.Long-term impact of biochar on the immobilisation of nickel(Ⅱ)and zinc(Ⅱ)and the revegetation of a contaminated site[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,542:771-776.
[6]于红艳,张昕欣.腐殖酸与活性污泥对污染土壤联合修复研究[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(5):248-252.
[7]刘洪军,刘新伟.用有机修复剂实时修复受金属污染土壤:腐植酸在铜生物有效性中的作用[J].腐植酸,2011(6):29-36.
[8]余贵芬,蒋新,和文祥,等.腐殖酸对红壤中铅镉赋存形态及活性的影响[D].南京:南京理工大学,2002.
[9]陈怀满,熊毅.紫云英和稻草对土壤溶液pH和Eh的影响[J].土壤,1984(5):189.
[10]Cheng D,Zhao G,Bai T,et al.Preparation and nutrient release mechanism of a polymer as slowrelease compound fertilizer[J].Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan,2014,36(4):647-653.
[11]Xiang Y,Ru X,Shi J,et al.Preparation and properties of a novel semi-IPN slow-release fertilizer with the function of water retention[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2017,65(50):10851-10858.
[12]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2002:14-114.
[13]Kumpiene J,Lagerkvist A,Maurice C.Stabilization of As,Cr,Cu,Pb and Zn in soil using amendments-a review[J].Waste Management,2008,28(1):215-225.
[14]Sun Y,Sun G,Xu Y,et al.Assessment of sepiolite for immobilization of cadmium-contaminated soils[J].Geoderma,2013,193:149-155.
[15]Hseu Z Y.Evaluating heavy metal contents in nine composts using four digestion methods[J].Bioresource Technology,2004,95(1):53-59.
[16]Houba V J G,Temminghoff E J M,Gaikhorst G A,et al.Soil analysis procedures using 0.01M calcium chloride as extraction reagent[J].Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,2000,31(9-10):1299-1396.
[17]Hseu Z Y.Evaluating heavy metal contents in nine composts using four digestion methods[J].Bioresource Technology,2004,95(1):53-59.
[18]孙花,谭长银,黄道友,等.土壤有机质对土壤重金属积累,有效性及形态的影响[J].湖南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2011,34(4):82-87.
[19]李波,周正宾.肥料中氮磷和有机质对土壤重金属行为的影响及在土壤治污中的应用[J].农业环境保护,2000,19(6):375-377.
[20]He H,Tam N F Y,Yao A,et al.Effects of a l k a l i ne a nd bio or g a n ic a men d ment s on cadmium,lead,zinc,and nutrient accumulation in brown rice and grain yield in acidic paddy fields contaminated with a mixture of heavy metals[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2016,23(23):23551-23560.
[21]Bolan N,Kunhikrishnan A,Thangarajan R,et al.Remediation of heavy metal(loid)s contaminated soils-to mobilize or to immobilize[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2014,266:141-166.
[22]韩桂琪,王彬,徐卫红,等.重金属Cd,Zn,Cu,Pb复合污染对土壤微生物和酶活性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2010(5):238-242.
[23]杨志新,冯圣东,刘树庆.镉,锌,铅单元素及其复合污染与土壤过氧化氢酶活性关系的研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2005,13(4):138-141.
[24]邹富桢,龙新宪,余光伟,等.混合改良剂钝化修复酸性多金属污染土壤的效应--基于重金属形态和植物有效性的评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(9):1787-1795.
[25]Kabata-Pendias A,Pendias H.Trace elements in soils and plants[M].3rd ed.Boca Raton:CRCPress,2001:155-161.
[26]Lin J G,Chen S Y.The relationship between adsorption of heavy metal and organic matter in river sediments[J].Environment International,1998,24(3):345-352.
[27]李江遐,关强,黄伏森,等.不同改良剂对矿区土壤重金属有效性及土壤酶活性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(6):211-215.
[28]Wan J,Zhang C,Zeng G,et al.Synthesis and evaluation of a new class of stabilized nanochlorapatite for Pb immobilization in sediment[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2016,320:278-288.
[29]Hettiarachchi G M,Pierzynski G M,Ransom M D.In situ stabilization of soil lead using phosphorus[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2001,30(4):1214-1221.
[30]邵文山,李国旗.土壤酶功能及测定方法研究进展[J].北方园艺,2016(9):188-193.
[31]李清飞,王世香,邹法俊.有机肥对Cd,Pb复合污染酸性土壤生物特性和油菜生长的影响[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(3):71-74,106.