黑土区玉米地土壤温度的时空变异性研究
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摘要
【目的】研究农田土壤温度的时空变异机理。【方法】以哈尔滨市向阳试验基地一块面积为96 m×96 m的农田为研究对象(共设置32个测点),利用传统统计学与地统计学方法,分析了黑土区玉米地不同生育时期土壤温度的空间变异性。【结果】随生育时期变化,不同深度的土壤温度平均值先增后减;不同深度土壤温度的空间变异性均为弱变异,不同深度土壤温度变异程度的变化趋势有所差异,5 cm深度变异程度的变化趋势不明显,10 cm和25 cm深度先增后降,15 cm和20 cm深度逐渐降低;土壤温度的空间相关范围在10、15、20 cm和25cm深度先增后减,土壤温度在玉米灌浆期5 cm深度与拔节期10 cm深度具有中等空间相关性,其他生育时期及不同深度具有强烈的空间相关性,5 cm和15 cm深度空间相关性变化趋势不明显,10 cm和20 cm深度先增后减,25 cm深度先减后增。【结论】土层深度和时间对研究区域土壤温度的空间变异性具有明显影响。
【Objective】The aim of this work is to unravel the mechanisms underlying the spatiotemporal variation of soil temperature within a corn field grown in the black soil in north China in attempts to provide guidance to agronomical management.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a 96 m×96 m plot of corn field in Xiangyang experimental site in Harbin, Heilongjiang province. There were 32 observation points in the plot, from which we measured the change in soil temperature at different growth stages and then analyzed the data statistically.【Result】During the growth season, the mean soil temperature at different depths increased firstly followed by an decrease. Temporal variation in the temperature depends on soil depth, with the temperature at 5 cm remaining almost unchanged while those at 10 cm and 25 cm depth increasing first followed by a decrease; the spatial correlation of soil temperature existed medium spatial correlation at the filling stage on 5 cm soil depth and the jointing stage on 10 cm soil depth, and it had strong spatial correlation on the other stages, the tendency to change the spatial variability of soil temperature was no obvious on 5 cm and 15 cm soil depth, increased firstly then decreased on 10 cm and 20 cm soil depth, and decreased firstly then increased on 25 cm soil depth.【Conclusion】The soil depth and time have significant influence on the spatial variability of soil temperature in the research area.
【Objective】The aim of this work is to unravel the mechanisms underlying the spatiotemporal variation of soil temperature within a corn field grown in the black soil in north China in attempts to provide guidance to agronomical management.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a 96 m×96 m plot of corn field in Xiangyang experimental site in Harbin, Heilongjiang province. There were 32 observation points in the plot, from which we measured the change in soil temperature at different growth stages and then analyzed the data statistically.【Result】During the growth season, the mean soil temperature at different depths increased firstly followed by an decrease. Temporal variation in the temperature depends on soil depth, with the temperature at 5 cm remaining almost unchanged while those at 10 cm and 25 cm depth increasing first followed by a decrease; the spatial correlation of soil temperature existed medium spatial correlation at the filling stage on 5 cm soil depth and the jointing stage on 10 cm soil depth, and it had strong spatial correlation on the other stages, the tendency to change the spatial variability of soil temperature was no obvious on 5 cm and 15 cm soil depth, increased firstly then decreased on 10 cm and 20 cm soil depth, and decreased firstly then increased on 25 cm soil depth.【Conclusion】The soil depth and time have significant influence on the spatial variability of soil temperature in the research area.
引文
[1]王全九.土壤物理与作物生长模型[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2016.
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[7]刘晓敏,车克钧,车宗玺,等.祁连山青海云杉分布带土壤的空间变异性研究[J].甘肃农大学报,2011,46(6):86-92.
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[10] LEHNERT M, VYSOUDIL M, KLADIVO P. Semi-stationary measurement as a tool to refine understanding of the soil temperature spatial variability[J].International Agrophysics, 2015, 29(4):449-457.
[11]尹辉,李晖,蒋忠诚,等.典型岩溶峰丛洼地土壤温度的空间异质性[J].湖北农业科学,2015(8):1 825-1 828.
[12]蔡壮,黄金峰.东北黑土区水土流失防治工程建后管护模式研究[J].吉林大学社会科学学报,2013(3):16-22.
[13]贾洪雷,马成林,李慧珍,等.基于美国保护性耕作分析的东北黑土区耕地保护[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(10):28-34.
[14]王会肖.土壤温度、水分胁迫和播种深度对玉米种子萌发出苗的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,1995,3(4):70-74.
[15]程建峰,陈素珍,潘晓云,等.土壤温度对陆稻根系生长发育的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2000,22(1):6-10.
[16]刁一伟,郑循华,王跃思,等.土壤温度和湿度对冬小麦田土壤空气CO2浓度的影响[J].气候与环境研究,2004,9(4):584-590.
[17]葛晓改,曾立雄,黄志霖,等.土壤温度和水分含量对三峡库区马尾松林凋落物叶分解的影响[J].林业科学,2013,49(9):153-157.
[18]肖辉林,郑习健.土壤温度上升对某些土壤化学性质的影响[J].土壤与环境,2000, 9(4):316-318.
[19]程冬冬,赵贵哲,刘亚青,等.土壤温度、土壤含水量对高分子缓释肥养分释放及土壤酶活性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013, 27(6):216-220.
[20]雷志栋.土壤水动力学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1988.
[21] CAMBARDELLA C A, MOORMAN T B, PARKIN T B, et al. Field-Scale Variability of Soil Properties in Central Iowa Soils[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal,1994,58(5):1 501-1 511.
[22]秦红灵,高旺盛,李春阳.北方农牧交错带免耕对农田耕层土壤温度的影响[J].农业工程学报,2007, 23(1):40-47.
[23]王卫华,王全九,武向博,等.黑河中游绿洲麦田土壤水气热参数田间尺度空间分布特征[J].农业工程学报,2013, 29(9):94-102.
[2]谷加存,王政权,韩有志,等.采伐干扰对帽儿山地区天然次生林土壤表层温度空间异质性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(12):2 248-2 254.
[3] WOOD T E, DETTO M, SILVER W L. Sensitivity of soil respiration to variability in soil moisture and temperature in a humid tropical forest[J]. Plos One, 2013,8(12):e80965.
[4]王红梅,王堃,米佳,等.北方农牧交错带沽源农田-草地界面土壤水热空间特征[J].生态学报,2009,29(12):6 589-6 599.
[5] WUNDRAM D, PAPE R, LOFFLER J. Alpine soil temperature variability at multiple scales[J]. Arctic Antarctic&Alpine Research,2010,42(1):117-128.
[6]李春平,苏繁星,谢静,等.基于地统计学方法的农田防护林网环境场特征分析[J].北京林业大学学报,2010,32(1):13-23.
[7]刘晓敏,车克钧,车宗玺,等.祁连山青海云杉分布带土壤的空间变异性研究[J].甘肃农大学报,2011,46(6):86-92.
[8]吕雄杰,陆文龙,宋治文,等.农田土壤温度和水分空间变异研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2006,25(6):79-81.
[9]安晓飞,孟志军,王培,等.东北地区土壤温度和湿度空间变异特性研究[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(s1):304-308.
[10] LEHNERT M, VYSOUDIL M, KLADIVO P. Semi-stationary measurement as a tool to refine understanding of the soil temperature spatial variability[J].International Agrophysics, 2015, 29(4):449-457.
[11]尹辉,李晖,蒋忠诚,等.典型岩溶峰丛洼地土壤温度的空间异质性[J].湖北农业科学,2015(8):1 825-1 828.
[12]蔡壮,黄金峰.东北黑土区水土流失防治工程建后管护模式研究[J].吉林大学社会科学学报,2013(3):16-22.
[13]贾洪雷,马成林,李慧珍,等.基于美国保护性耕作分析的东北黑土区耕地保护[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(10):28-34.
[14]王会肖.土壤温度、水分胁迫和播种深度对玉米种子萌发出苗的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,1995,3(4):70-74.
[15]程建峰,陈素珍,潘晓云,等.土壤温度对陆稻根系生长发育的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2000,22(1):6-10.
[16]刁一伟,郑循华,王跃思,等.土壤温度和湿度对冬小麦田土壤空气CO2浓度的影响[J].气候与环境研究,2004,9(4):584-590.
[17]葛晓改,曾立雄,黄志霖,等.土壤温度和水分含量对三峡库区马尾松林凋落物叶分解的影响[J].林业科学,2013,49(9):153-157.
[18]肖辉林,郑习健.土壤温度上升对某些土壤化学性质的影响[J].土壤与环境,2000, 9(4):316-318.
[19]程冬冬,赵贵哲,刘亚青,等.土壤温度、土壤含水量对高分子缓释肥养分释放及土壤酶活性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013, 27(6):216-220.
[20]雷志栋.土壤水动力学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1988.
[21] CAMBARDELLA C A, MOORMAN T B, PARKIN T B, et al. Field-Scale Variability of Soil Properties in Central Iowa Soils[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal,1994,58(5):1 501-1 511.
[22]秦红灵,高旺盛,李春阳.北方农牧交错带免耕对农田耕层土壤温度的影响[J].农业工程学报,2007, 23(1):40-47.
[23]王卫华,王全九,武向博,等.黑河中游绿洲麦田土壤水气热参数田间尺度空间分布特征[J].农业工程学报,2013, 29(9):94-102.