一种多波宽频地震数据采集设计与仪器实现关键技术
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摘要
随着多波多分量技术的发展,宽频数据采集逐渐成为地震勘探的发展趋势.通过高保真获取全波场信息,并尽可能保留高频有效成分,进而利用多种波场信息相互验证和补充,是提高地震勘探精度的有效方法.受仪器带宽限制,常规设备在高频段很难同时保持高分辨率和大动态范围特征,在多波地震采集时,极容易出现分辨率不足和限幅失真等现象,极大影响多波多分量方法的实际应用效果.鉴于此,本文给出一种利用积分器、高频ADC、DAC和抽取滤波器构成的低成本宽频数据采集方法.通过构造环路滤波器(调制器),对高频ADC输出数据中的量化噪声二次整形,并配合抽取滤波,对带外噪声进行有效压制.实际测试表明,通过精细电路结构设计,采集站有效分辨率可达24位(采样率为2 kHz),动态范围超过140 dB,SNR达142 dB.相比传统设备,其采集数据在5～25 Hz的低频段和100 Hz以上的高频段都具有更加丰富的有效信息,非常适合多波多分量数据采集.
In the field of seismic exploration, multi-wave and multi-component technology is widely used and broadband data acquisition has gradually become a trend. By obtaining the full wave field with high frequency component preserved, verifying and supplementing each other with various wave field, it can be an effective method to improve the accuracy of exploration.Limited by bandwidth, conventional equipment cannot maintain high resolution and large dynamic range when it works at high frequency, which will lead insufficient resolution and limiting distortion. Given all that, this paper presents a low-cost broadband data acquisition method.Specifically, the loop filter(modulator), constructed by an integrator, a high frequency ADC and DAC, is used to shape the quantization noise caused by ADC. In addition, the CIC filter, the half-band filter and the FIR filter are used to construct the decimation filter to suppress the outof-band noise. The result shows that the resolution of the acquisition station can reach 24 bits(sampling rate of 2 kHz), while the dynamic range is of more than 140 dB and SNR is up to 142 dB as well. Moreover, the effective information is richer both at low(5～25 Hz) and high frequency(>100 Hz). Compared with the traditional equipment, the design is suitable for multi-wave and multi-component data acquisition.
In the field of seismic exploration, multi-wave and multi-component technology is widely used and broadband data acquisition has gradually become a trend. By obtaining the full wave field with high frequency component preserved, verifying and supplementing each other with various wave field, it can be an effective method to improve the accuracy of exploration.Limited by bandwidth, conventional equipment cannot maintain high resolution and large dynamic range when it works at high frequency, which will lead insufficient resolution and limiting distortion. Given all that, this paper presents a low-cost broadband data acquisition method.Specifically, the loop filter(modulator), constructed by an integrator, a high frequency ADC and DAC, is used to shape the quantization noise caused by ADC. In addition, the CIC filter, the half-band filter and the FIR filter are used to construct the decimation filter to suppress the outof-band noise. The result shows that the resolution of the acquisition station can reach 24 bits(sampling rate of 2 kHz), while the dynamic range is of more than 140 dB and SNR is up to 142 dB as well. Moreover, the effective information is richer both at low(5～25 Hz) and high frequency(>100 Hz). Compared with the traditional equipment, the design is suitable for multi-wave and multi-component data acquisition.
引文
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Cheng C.2014.Research and design of decimation filter in 16-bit sigma-delta ADC[Master's thesis](in Chinese).Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University.
Cheng Z B,Teng J W,Lin J,et al.2006.Design of BSR-2 broad band seismic recorder.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),49(5):1475-1481,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2006.05.027.
Fan W J.2015.Design of fourth order feedforward low power sigma-delta modulator[Master's thesis](in Chinese).Harbin.Harbin Institute of Technology.
Gao S H,Xue B,Li J,et al.2016.High-resolution data acquisition technique in broadband seismic observation systems.Science China Technological Sciences,59(6):961-972,doi:10.1007/sll431-016-6057-7.
Geerts Y,Steyaert M S J,Sansen W.2000.A high-performance multibit Delta Sigma CMOS ADC.IEEE Journal of SolidState Circuits,35(12):1829-1840.
Kurosawa N,Kobayashi H,Maruyama K,et al.2001.Explicit analysis of channel mismatch effects in time-interleaved ADC systems.IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I:Fundamental Theory and Applications,48(3):261-271.
Li Q Z.1997.Some mistaken concepts in high-resolution seismic exploration and the corresponding counter measures.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),32(6):751-783.
Luo H,Han Y,Cheung R C C,et al.2013.A 0.8-V 230-μW 98-dB DR inverter-based modulator for audio applications.IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,48(10):2430-2441.
Ma Y S,Zhang J N,Zhao P R,et al.2016.Requirement analysisand research direction for the geophysical prospecting technology of SINOPEC.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),55(1):1-9.
Shang W M.2013.The design and optimization of digital decimation filter for Sigma-Delta ADC[Master's thesis](in Chinese).Chengdu:University of Electronic Science and Technology of China.
Sun L D,Sa L M,Dong S T.2013.New challenges for the future hydrocarbon in China and geophysical technology strategy.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),48(2):317-324.
Teng Y T,Hu X X,Wang X Z,et al.2016.Extending dynamic range of the seismic data acquisition system by using multichannel ADC.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),59(4):1435-1445,doi:10.6038/cjg20160424.
Wang C F,Yang X Y,Song C,et al.2010.The principal shock waves of the 2008 Wenchuan 8.0 Earthquake recorded by two types of acquisition device.Earthquake Research in Sichuan(in Chinese),(3):19-22.
Xin W,Ma S,Yang C C.2015.High-precision 24-bit FIR decimation filter optimum design for MEMS geophone Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),30(3):1195-1198,doi:10.6038/pg20150326.
Xu C.2014.A four-order full feedforward sigma-delta ADC[Master's thesis](in Chinese).Chengdu:University of Electronic Science and Technology of China.
Xu L,Liu F,Yang H G.2012.A 90-μW 16 bit 20 kHz-BW feedforward double-sampled sigma-delta modulator in 0.18μm CMOS.IEEE 11th International Conference on Solid-State and Integrated Circuit Technology(ICSICT).Xi'an,China:IEEE,1-3.
Xu Q,Duan Z M.2014.A signal reconstruction method for timeinterleaved ADC converters.Journal of Information&Computation Science,11(1):123-132.
Yang M M,Xin W,Li H Q,et al.2014.A high-performance design of SINC decimation filter for MEMS geophones.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),29(5):2430-2436,doi:10.6038/pg20140566.
Yao Y.2005.The history and outlook of multi-wave seismic survey.Progress in Exploration Geophysics(in Chinese),28(3):169-173.
Zhang X B,Liu X B,Zhao X H,et al.2014.Application of resolution improvement in seismic data processing technology to the Longwangmiao Fm gas reservoir exploration in LeshanLongnüsi Paleouplift,Sichuan Basin.Natural Gas Industry(in Chinese),34(3):74-79.
程成.2014.一种16位Sigma-Delta ADC中抽取滤波器的研究与设计[硕士论文].北京:北京交通大学.
陈祖斌,滕吉文,林君等.2006.BSR-2宽频带地震记录仪的研制.地球物理学报,49(5):1475-1481,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2006.05.027.
范文杰.2015.四阶前馈低功耗Sigma-Delta调制器设计[硕士论文].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学.
李庆忠.1997.地震高分辨率勘探中的误区与对策.石油地球物理勘探,32(6):751-783.
马永生,张建宁,赵培荣等.2016.物探技术需求分析及攻关方向思考——以中国石化油气勘探为例.石油物探,55(1):1-9.
尚文明.2013.Sigma-Delta ADC数字抽取滤波器的设计与优化[硕士论文].成都:电子科技大学.
孙龙德,撒利明,董世泰.2013.中国未来油气新领域与物探技术对策.石油地球物理勘探,48(2):317-324.
滕云田,胡星星,王喜珍等.2016.用多通道AD分级采集扩展地震数据采集器的动态范围.地球物理学报,59(4):1435-1445,doi:10.6038/cjg20160424.
王翠芳,杨晓源,宋澄等.2010.两种采集器记录的汶川8.0级主震波形.四川地震,(3):19-22.
辛维,马赛,杨长春.2015.适用于MEMS检波器的24位高精度FIR抽取滤波器优化设计.地球物理学进展,30(3):1195-1198,doi:10.6038/pg20150326.
徐灿.2014.四阶完全前馈结构Sigma-Delta ADC设计[硕士论文].成都:电子科技大学.
杨明名,辛维,李洪奇等.2014.一种用于MEMS数字检波器的SINC抽取滤波器优化设计与FPGA高效实现.地球物理学进展,29(5):2430-2436,doi:10.6038/pg20140566.
姚姚.2005.多波地震勘探的发展历程和趋势展望.勘探地球物理进展,28(3):169-173.
张晓斌,刘晓兵,赵晓红等.2014.地震资料提高分辨率处理技术在乐山—龙女寺古隆起龙王庙组勘探中的应用.天然气工业,34(3):74-79.
Cheng C.2014.Research and design of decimation filter in 16-bit sigma-delta ADC[Master's thesis](in Chinese).Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University.
Cheng Z B,Teng J W,Lin J,et al.2006.Design of BSR-2 broad band seismic recorder.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),49(5):1475-1481,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2006.05.027.
Fan W J.2015.Design of fourth order feedforward low power sigma-delta modulator[Master's thesis](in Chinese).Harbin.Harbin Institute of Technology.
Gao S H,Xue B,Li J,et al.2016.High-resolution data acquisition technique in broadband seismic observation systems.Science China Technological Sciences,59(6):961-972,doi:10.1007/sll431-016-6057-7.
Geerts Y,Steyaert M S J,Sansen W.2000.A high-performance multibit Delta Sigma CMOS ADC.IEEE Journal of SolidState Circuits,35(12):1829-1840.
Kurosawa N,Kobayashi H,Maruyama K,et al.2001.Explicit analysis of channel mismatch effects in time-interleaved ADC systems.IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I:Fundamental Theory and Applications,48(3):261-271.
Li Q Z.1997.Some mistaken concepts in high-resolution seismic exploration and the corresponding counter measures.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),32(6):751-783.
Luo H,Han Y,Cheung R C C,et al.2013.A 0.8-V 230-μW 98-dB DR inverter-based modulator for audio applications.IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,48(10):2430-2441.
Ma Y S,Zhang J N,Zhao P R,et al.2016.Requirement analysisand research direction for the geophysical prospecting technology of SINOPEC.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),55(1):1-9.
Shang W M.2013.The design and optimization of digital decimation filter for Sigma-Delta ADC[Master's thesis](in Chinese).Chengdu:University of Electronic Science and Technology of China.
Sun L D,Sa L M,Dong S T.2013.New challenges for the future hydrocarbon in China and geophysical technology strategy.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),48(2):317-324.
Teng Y T,Hu X X,Wang X Z,et al.2016.Extending dynamic range of the seismic data acquisition system by using multichannel ADC.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),59(4):1435-1445,doi:10.6038/cjg20160424.
Wang C F,Yang X Y,Song C,et al.2010.The principal shock waves of the 2008 Wenchuan 8.0 Earthquake recorded by two types of acquisition device.Earthquake Research in Sichuan(in Chinese),(3):19-22.
Xin W,Ma S,Yang C C.2015.High-precision 24-bit FIR decimation filter optimum design for MEMS geophone Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),30(3):1195-1198,doi:10.6038/pg20150326.
Xu C.2014.A four-order full feedforward sigma-delta ADC[Master's thesis](in Chinese).Chengdu:University of Electronic Science and Technology of China.
Xu L,Liu F,Yang H G.2012.A 90-μW 16 bit 20 kHz-BW feedforward double-sampled sigma-delta modulator in 0.18μm CMOS.IEEE 11th International Conference on Solid-State and Integrated Circuit Technology(ICSICT).Xi'an,China:IEEE,1-3.
Xu Q,Duan Z M.2014.A signal reconstruction method for timeinterleaved ADC converters.Journal of Information&Computation Science,11(1):123-132.
Yang M M,Xin W,Li H Q,et al.2014.A high-performance design of SINC decimation filter for MEMS geophones.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),29(5):2430-2436,doi:10.6038/pg20140566.
Yao Y.2005.The history and outlook of multi-wave seismic survey.Progress in Exploration Geophysics(in Chinese),28(3):169-173.
Zhang X B,Liu X B,Zhao X H,et al.2014.Application of resolution improvement in seismic data processing technology to the Longwangmiao Fm gas reservoir exploration in LeshanLongnüsi Paleouplift,Sichuan Basin.Natural Gas Industry(in Chinese),34(3):74-79.
程成.2014.一种16位Sigma-Delta ADC中抽取滤波器的研究与设计[硕士论文].北京:北京交通大学.
陈祖斌,滕吉文,林君等.2006.BSR-2宽频带地震记录仪的研制.地球物理学报,49(5):1475-1481,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2006.05.027.
范文杰.2015.四阶前馈低功耗Sigma-Delta调制器设计[硕士论文].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学.
李庆忠.1997.地震高分辨率勘探中的误区与对策.石油地球物理勘探,32(6):751-783.
马永生,张建宁,赵培荣等.2016.物探技术需求分析及攻关方向思考——以中国石化油气勘探为例.石油物探,55(1):1-9.
尚文明.2013.Sigma-Delta ADC数字抽取滤波器的设计与优化[硕士论文].成都:电子科技大学.
孙龙德,撒利明,董世泰.2013.中国未来油气新领域与物探技术对策.石油地球物理勘探,48(2):317-324.
滕云田,胡星星,王喜珍等.2016.用多通道AD分级采集扩展地震数据采集器的动态范围.地球物理学报,59(4):1435-1445,doi:10.6038/cjg20160424.
王翠芳,杨晓源,宋澄等.2010.两种采集器记录的汶川8.0级主震波形.四川地震,(3):19-22.
辛维,马赛,杨长春.2015.适用于MEMS检波器的24位高精度FIR抽取滤波器优化设计.地球物理学进展,30(3):1195-1198,doi:10.6038/pg20150326.
徐灿.2014.四阶完全前馈结构Sigma-Delta ADC设计[硕士论文].成都:电子科技大学.
杨明名,辛维,李洪奇等.2014.一种用于MEMS数字检波器的SINC抽取滤波器优化设计与FPGA高效实现.地球物理学进展,29(5):2430-2436,doi:10.6038/pg20140566.
姚姚.2005.多波地震勘探的发展历程和趋势展望.勘探地球物理进展,28(3):169-173.
张晓斌,刘晓兵,赵晓红等.2014.地震资料提高分辨率处理技术在乐山—龙女寺古隆起龙王庙组勘探中的应用.天然气工业,34(3):74-79.