基于无人机遥感技术的南极冰川表面冰坑监测
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摘要
冰坑(ice doline)是指冰川表面因塌陷所形成的特殊地貌,由于冰坑的规模通常较小,相关的高分辨率遥感数据十分匮乏,加之其形成具有突发性和偶然性,目前的研究尚不充分.已有的研究主要通过对冰坑形成后的表面特征分析得出,对形成前冰面的应力应变状态尚缺乏有效观测数据支撑.在我国第33次南极考察期间,中山站至内陆出发基地的达尔克冰川表面发生了塌陷,形成了冰坑地貌.在达尔克冰川开展长时间序列的无人机遥感监测,获取了塌陷事件发生前后多期高分辨率无人机遥感数据.利用该数据处理得到的塌陷区高分辨率数字高程模型(DEM)和数字正射模型(DOM),分析了塌陷发生前后冰面地形变化和融池分布,发现此处冰坑地貌的形成与冰下径流、冰上的融水过程有重要关系.
Ice doline is a special landform on glacier,a hollow formation due to collapse of ice surface.Because collapse happens only occasionally and with uncertainty,research is mainly based on observations after formation.Status before collapse is seldom studied due to lack of observation data.During The 33 Th Chinese Antarctic Expedition,an ice doline was formed on Dalk Glacier near Zhongshan Station.We were able to conduct UAV investigations on ice doline formation both before and after ice surface collapse.High resolution DEM and DOM confirm that ice doline formation is strongly corerelated to glacier hydrologic procedures.
Ice doline is a special landform on glacier,a hollow formation due to collapse of ice surface.Because collapse happens only occasionally and with uncertainty,research is mainly based on observations after formation.Status before collapse is seldom studied due to lack of observation data.During The 33 Th Chinese Antarctic Expedition,an ice doline was formed on Dalk Glacier near Zhongshan Station.We were able to conduct UAV investigations on ice doline formation both before and after ice surface collapse.High resolution DEM and DOM confirm that ice doline formation is strongly corerelated to glacier hydrologic procedures.
引文
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[2]STEPHENSON A,FLEMING W L S.King George the sixth sound[J].Geogr J,1940,96(3):153
[3]BYRD R E.Our navy explores Antarctica[J].Natl Geogr Mag,1947,92(4):492
[4]MOORE J.Ice blisters and ice dolines[J].Journal of Glaciology,1993,39(133):714
[5]BINDSCHADLER R,SCAMBOS T A,ROTT H,et al.Ice dolines on larsen ice shelf,Antarctica[J].Annals of Glaciology,2002,34(1):283
[6]HOWAT I M,PORTER C,NOH M J,et al.Brief communication:sudden drainage of a subglacial lake beneath the greenland ice sheet[J].Cryosphere,2015,9(1):103
[7]BELL R E,CHU W,KINGSLAKE J,et al.Antarctic ice shelf potentially stabilized by export of meltwater in surface river[J].Nature,2017,544:344
[8]STOCKERWALDHUBER M,FISCHER A,KELLERL,et al.Funnel-shaped surface depressions:indicator or accelerant of rapid glacier disintegration?A case study in the Tyrolean Alps[J].Geomorphology,2017(287):58
[9]JAMES L A,HODGSON M E,GHOSHAL S,et al.Geomorphic change detection using historic maps and DEM differencing:the temporal dimension of geospatial analysis[J].Geomorphology,2012,137(1):198
[10]LIZARAZO I,VICTOR A,JORGE R.Automatic mapping of land surface elevation changes from UAV-based imagery[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2017,38(8/9/10):20
[11]SIEGFRIED M R,FRICKER H A.Thirteen years of subglacial lake activity in Antarctica from multi-mission satellite altimetry[J].Annals of Glaciology,2018(59):42