立足教学面向科研的综合研究型实验
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摘要
由"溶液吸附法测定硅胶比表面"实验出发,结合目前的科研热点,设计了一个研究型的综合化学实验,即氮、硫共掺杂的功能化碳催化剂的制备、表征及催化活性评价。学生通过实验将掌握绿色化学基本原则、实验室废弃物综合利用、热分析法测定材料的稳定性、催化剂活性评价等相关理论和实验技能。此外,学生还可以掌握科研过程中广泛应用的材料表征方法,例如X射线粉末衍射、X射线光电子能谱、透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜等。实践表明,在实验教学中引入科研热点,有助于激发学生的创新思维,对学生的科研能力和科学素养的培养具有事半功倍的效果。
A research comprehensive chemical experiment, namely "preparation, characterization and catalytic activity evaluation of N/S co-doped carbon materials", was designed. This experiment was derived from a normal teaching experiment, "determining specific surface area of silica gel by solution adsorption". And the current research hotspots were also introduced into the experiment. Through this new comprehensive experiment, we improved the students' theoretical knowledge and experimental skills, such as the basic theory of green chemistry, comprehensive utilization of laboratory wastes, determination of the stability of materials by thermal analysis, evaluation of catalyst activity. In addition, students could grasp the material characterization methods widely applied in scientific research, such as X ray powder diffraction, X ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscope and so on. The practice has shown that the introduction of research frontier into experimental teaching is beneficial for stimulating student's innovative thinking and is helpful to improve students' scientific research ability and scientific literacy.
A research comprehensive chemical experiment, namely "preparation, characterization and catalytic activity evaluation of N/S co-doped carbon materials", was designed. This experiment was derived from a normal teaching experiment, "determining specific surface area of silica gel by solution adsorption". And the current research hotspots were also introduced into the experiment. Through this new comprehensive experiment, we improved the students' theoretical knowledge and experimental skills, such as the basic theory of green chemistry, comprehensive utilization of laboratory wastes, determination of the stability of materials by thermal analysis, evaluation of catalyst activity. In addition, students could grasp the material characterization methods widely applied in scientific research, such as X ray powder diffraction, X ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscope and so on. The practice has shown that the introduction of research frontier into experimental teaching is beneficial for stimulating student's innovative thinking and is helpful to improve students' scientific research ability and scientific literacy.
引文
[1] 马志广,庞秀言. 物性参数与测定[M]. 北京:化学工业出版社,2009.
[2] 田福平,张艳娟,姚云龙,等. 溶液吸附法测固体吸附剂比表面积结果分析[J].实验室科学,2017,20(6):25-28.
[3] 张国艳,金为群,王岚. 关于次甲基蓝水溶液吸附法测定颗粒活性炭比表面积实验的探讨[J].大学化学, 2014, 29(3):60-62.
[4] Drage T C, Snape C E, Stevens L A, et al. Materials challenges for the development of solid sorbents for post-combustion carbon capture[J]. J Mater Chem,2012,22(7):2815-2823.
[5] 曹永海,李博,余皓,等. 纳米碳材料催化液相选择性氧化的研究进展[J].化工学报,2014,65(7):2645-2656.
[6] Su Dangsheng, Perathoner Siglinda, Centi Gabriele. Nanocarbons for the development of advanced catalysts [J]. Chemical Reviews, 2013,113(8): 5782-5816.
[7] Cao Yonghai, Yu Hao, Tan Jun, et al. Nitrogen-, phosphorous- and boron-doped carbon nanotubes as catalysts for the aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane [J]. Carbon, 2013, 57: 433-442.
[8] 马帅,陈郑,王家喜.氧化石墨烯掺杂锌铝类水滑石负载钯金催化剂的制备及催化性能[J].化工进展,2017,36(11):4087-4092.
[9] Lee J, Kim J, Hyeon T. Recent progress in the synthesis of porous carbon materials[J]. Adv Mater, 2006, 18(16): 2073-2094.
[10] Gillan E G. Synthesis of nitrogen-rich carbon nitride networks from an energetic molecular azide precursor[J]. Chem Mater,2000,12(12):3906-3912.
[11] Wang X C, Maeda K, Thomas A, et al. A metal-free polymeric photocatalyst for hydrogen production from water under visible light[J]. Nature Materials, 2009,8(1):76-80.
[12] Atamny F, Bl?cker J, Dübotzky A, et al. Surface chemistry of carbon: activation of molecular oxygen [J]. Molecular Physics, 1992, 76(4): 851-886.
[13] Gao Yongjun, Hu Gang, Zhong Jun, et al. Nitrogen-doped sp2-hybridized carbon as a superior catalyst for selective oxidation [J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2013, 52(7): 2109-2113.
[14] Yi C S, Kwon K H, Lee D. W.Aqueous phase C-H bond oxidationReaction of arylalkanes catalyzed by a water-soluble cationic Ru(III)complex [(pymox-Me-2) 2 RuCl 2 ] + BF 4 - [J].Org Lett, 2009, 11: 1567-1569.
[15] 唐沛,高勇军,杨敬贺. 氮掺杂石墨烯的生长机理及其在乙苯选择性氧化中的应用[J].催化学报, 2014, 35(6):922-928.
[16] Chen Y, Wang J, Liu H, et al. Nitrogen doping effects on carbon nanotubes and the origin of the enhanced electrocatalytic activity of supported Pt for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells[J]. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2011, 115(9): 3769.
[2] 田福平,张艳娟,姚云龙,等. 溶液吸附法测固体吸附剂比表面积结果分析[J].实验室科学,2017,20(6):25-28.
[3] 张国艳,金为群,王岚. 关于次甲基蓝水溶液吸附法测定颗粒活性炭比表面积实验的探讨[J].大学化学, 2014, 29(3):60-62.
[4] Drage T C, Snape C E, Stevens L A, et al. Materials challenges for the development of solid sorbents for post-combustion carbon capture[J]. J Mater Chem,2012,22(7):2815-2823.
[5] 曹永海,李博,余皓,等. 纳米碳材料催化液相选择性氧化的研究进展[J].化工学报,2014,65(7):2645-2656.
[6] Su Dangsheng, Perathoner Siglinda, Centi Gabriele. Nanocarbons for the development of advanced catalysts [J]. Chemical Reviews, 2013,113(8): 5782-5816.
[7] Cao Yonghai, Yu Hao, Tan Jun, et al. Nitrogen-, phosphorous- and boron-doped carbon nanotubes as catalysts for the aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane [J]. Carbon, 2013, 57: 433-442.
[8] 马帅,陈郑,王家喜.氧化石墨烯掺杂锌铝类水滑石负载钯金催化剂的制备及催化性能[J].化工进展,2017,36(11):4087-4092.
[9] Lee J, Kim J, Hyeon T. Recent progress in the synthesis of porous carbon materials[J]. Adv Mater, 2006, 18(16): 2073-2094.
[10] Gillan E G. Synthesis of nitrogen-rich carbon nitride networks from an energetic molecular azide precursor[J]. Chem Mater,2000,12(12):3906-3912.
[11] Wang X C, Maeda K, Thomas A, et al. A metal-free polymeric photocatalyst for hydrogen production from water under visible light[J]. Nature Materials, 2009,8(1):76-80.
[12] Atamny F, Bl?cker J, Dübotzky A, et al. Surface chemistry of carbon: activation of molecular oxygen [J]. Molecular Physics, 1992, 76(4): 851-886.
[13] Gao Yongjun, Hu Gang, Zhong Jun, et al. Nitrogen-doped sp2-hybridized carbon as a superior catalyst for selective oxidation [J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2013, 52(7): 2109-2113.
[14] Yi C S, Kwon K H, Lee D. W.Aqueous phase C-H bond oxidationReaction of arylalkanes catalyzed by a water-soluble cationic Ru(III)complex [(pymox-Me-2) 2 RuCl 2 ] + BF 4 - [J].Org Lett, 2009, 11: 1567-1569.
[15] 唐沛,高勇军,杨敬贺. 氮掺杂石墨烯的生长机理及其在乙苯选择性氧化中的应用[J].催化学报, 2014, 35(6):922-928.
[16] Chen Y, Wang J, Liu H, et al. Nitrogen doping effects on carbon nanotubes and the origin of the enhanced electrocatalytic activity of supported Pt for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells[J]. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2011, 115(9): 3769.