基于线粒体DNA控制区高变区序列的黄河东营段淡水梭鱼群体遗传多样性比较研究
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摘要
基于mtDNA控制区高变区序列,对采自黄河东营段的梭鱼群体和其他已报道的13个群体进行了遗传学比较分析。结果表明在长度为435bp的控制区序列上,东营垦利群体与其他13个群体均表现出较高的核苷酸多样度,大多数群体单倍型多样度较高;梭鱼群体在分布范围内表现出3个明显的单倍型世系,其中两个单倍型世系呈现同域分布,东营垦利群体表现出与东海和黄渤海群体同的世系分布趋势;3个世系分化发生于更新世中期,更新世冰期-间冰期的交替导致海平面的下降和上升,西北太平洋边缘海隔离和连通,使得梭鱼群体发生隔离分化和二次接触;三个单倍型类群在地域上的分布频率具有明显差异,不同的地理群体间存在显著的遗传结构,分别对应着日本海组群、中国东海组群(中国东海、黄海和渤海群体)和中国南海组群;中国东海组群中,中国东海和黄海群体遗传差异相对较小,与渤海群体差异较大;东营垦利群体与采自东海和黄渤海的群体间遗传差异较小,与南海群体及日本群体间遗传差异较大。尽管梭鱼具有较强的潜在扩散能力,但是梭鱼群体间的基因交流有限。梭鱼不同组群群体历史动态检验显示梭鱼存在群体扩张事件。研究推测随着中更新世全球气候主导周期转型,中更新世冰期间冰期交替周期增加对梭鱼隔离分化和群体扩张产生了重要影响。
The redlip mullet(Liza Haematocheilus), which belongs to the family Mugilidae, is an euryhaline estuarine-dependent fish species and inhabits shallow coastal waters as well as freshwater regions of rivers. Its distribution ranged the coastal waters from the South China Sea to the Sea of Japan. In the present study, a freshwater population of L. haematocheilus was collected from Dongying(KL) and analyzed based on the mitochondrial DNA sequence. To assess the genetic diversity of this freshwater population, 13 early reported populations were cited for comparative analysis. A 435-bp fragment of the hypervariable portion of the mtDNA control region was obtained and used in the following study. Seventy-three polymorphic sites were found, which defined 121 haplotypes, of which 41 were shared among populations and 80 were unique for one of the populations. High haplotype and nucleotide diversity were detected for all the populations including the freshwater one. Three distinct lineages were found in the neighbor-joining tree, and there were strong geographical differences in haplotype frequencies of the three lineages. Lineage A dominates the East China Sea groups(the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea), lineage C dominates the South China Sea populations, and most haplotypes of lineage B were found in the Japanese populations. These three distinct lineages might be isolated and diverged in different marginal seas of the Northwestern Pacific during Pleistocene low sea level stands. Strong genetic differences were found among populations of the three marginal seas based on the results of analyses of molecular variance(AMOVA) and the population statistic F_(st), and restricted gene flow should be responsible for the present population genetic structure. The demographic history of L. haematocheilus was examined using neutrality tests and mismatch distribution analysis, which indicated a population expansion during the middle Pleistocene. The glacial-interglacial cycles change during the middle Pleistocene may have greatly influenced on differentiation and evolution of L. haematocheilus.
The redlip mullet(Liza Haematocheilus), which belongs to the family Mugilidae, is an euryhaline estuarine-dependent fish species and inhabits shallow coastal waters as well as freshwater regions of rivers. Its distribution ranged the coastal waters from the South China Sea to the Sea of Japan. In the present study, a freshwater population of L. haematocheilus was collected from Dongying(KL) and analyzed based on the mitochondrial DNA sequence. To assess the genetic diversity of this freshwater population, 13 early reported populations were cited for comparative analysis. A 435-bp fragment of the hypervariable portion of the mtDNA control region was obtained and used in the following study. Seventy-three polymorphic sites were found, which defined 121 haplotypes, of which 41 were shared among populations and 80 were unique for one of the populations. High haplotype and nucleotide diversity were detected for all the populations including the freshwater one. Three distinct lineages were found in the neighbor-joining tree, and there were strong geographical differences in haplotype frequencies of the three lineages. Lineage A dominates the East China Sea groups(the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea), lineage C dominates the South China Sea populations, and most haplotypes of lineage B were found in the Japanese populations. These three distinct lineages might be isolated and diverged in different marginal seas of the Northwestern Pacific during Pleistocene low sea level stands. Strong genetic differences were found among populations of the three marginal seas based on the results of analyses of molecular variance(AMOVA) and the population statistic F_(st), and restricted gene flow should be responsible for the present population genetic structure. The demographic history of L. haematocheilus was examined using neutrality tests and mismatch distribution analysis, which indicated a population expansion during the middle Pleistocene. The glacial-interglacial cycles change during the middle Pleistocene may have greatly influenced on differentiation and evolution of L. haematocheilus.
引文
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[17] 景才瑞,刘会平.论中国第四纪冰期与间冰期[J].成都理工大学学报,1999(1):97-100.
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[22] 施雅风.论李四光教授的庐山第四纪冰川是对泥石流的误读[J].地质论评,2010,56(5):683-692.
[2] Liu J X,Gao T X,Wu S F,et al.Pleistocene isolation in the Northwestern Pacific marginal seas and limited dispersal in a marine fish,Chelonhaematocheilus (Temminck and Schlegel,1845) [J].Molecular Ecology,2007,16(2):275-288.
[3] Yang Z.Molecular evolution:a statistical approach[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press.2014.
[4] Posada D,Crandal,K A.Intraspecific gene genealogies:trees grafting into networks[J].Trends in Ecology and Evolution,2001,16(1):37-45.
[5] 朱元鼎,张春霖,成庆泰.东海鱼类志[M].北京:科学出版社,1963:199-200.
[6] Masuda H,Amaoka K,Araga C,et a1.The Fishes of the Japanese Archipelag[M].Tokyo:Tokai University Press,1984,119.
[7] Gao T X,Li Y,Chen CJ,et al.Genetic diversity and population structure in the mtDNA control region of Liza haematocheilus (Temminck& Schlegel,1845) [J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,30(5):941-947.
[8] Larkin M A,Blackshields G,Brown N P,et al.Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0[J].Bioinformatics,2007,23(21):2947-2948.
[9] KumarS,Stecher G,Tamura K.MEGA 7:Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 7.0 for Bigger Datasets[J].Molecular Biology and Evolution,2016,33(7):1870.
[10] Posada D.jModelTest:phylogenetic model averaging[J].Molecular Biology and Evolution,2008,25(7):1253-1256.
[11] Excoffier L,Lischer H E L.Arlequin suite ver 3.5:a new series of programs to perform population genetics analyses under Linux and Windows[J].Molecular Ecology Resources,2010,10(3):564-567.
[12] Swofford DL.PAUP*:Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and Other Methods) [M].Version 4.Sinauer Associates,Sunderland,Massachusetts,1998.
[13] Ronquist F,Huelsenbeck J P.Mrbayes 3:Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models[J].Bioinformatics,2003,19(2):1572-1574.
[14] Fu Y X.Statistical tests of neutrality of mutations against population growth,hitchhiking and background selection [J].Genetics.1997,147(2):915-925.
[15] Tajima F.Statistical-method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism [J].Genetics.1989,123(3):585-595.
[16] Excoffier L.Patterns of DNA sequence diversity and genetic structure after a range expansion:lessons from the infinite-island model [J].Molecular Ecology.2004,13(4):853-864.
[17] 景才瑞,刘会平.论中国第四纪冰期与间冰期[J].成都理工大学学报,1999(1):97-100.
[18] 易朝路,崔之久,熊黑钢.中国第四纪冰期数值年表初步划分[J].第四纪研究,2005,25(5):609-619.
[19] Gradstein F,Ogg J,Smith A,et al.A new geologic time scale,with special reference to Precambrian and Neogene[J].Episodes,2004,27(2):83-100.
[20] 赵井东,施雅风,王杰.中国第四纪冰川演化序列与MIS对比研究的新进展[J].地理学报,2011,66(7):867-884.
[21] Raymo M E.The timing of major climate terminations[J].Paleoceanography,1997,12(4):577-585.
[22] 施雅风.论李四光教授的庐山第四纪冰川是对泥石流的误读[J].地质论评,2010,56(5):683-692.