巨厚岩层–煤柱系统协调变形及其稳定性研究
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摘要
以山东济宁高庄煤矿巨厚岩层条件下留设大煤柱的工作面回采安全性为背景,采用理论分析和工程实践等方法,研究巨厚岩层–煤柱系统的协调变形模型及其稳定性。主要研究内容和结论:(1)在满足煤柱顶板岩层断裂线因素和支承强度因素的情况下,煤柱能够"隔离"采空区并对巨厚岩层及其覆岩结构形成"支撑"作用;(2)以巨厚岩层挠曲变形和煤柱竖直方向"压缩"变形为基础,建立巨厚岩层–煤柱协调变形力学模型,分析煤柱竖直变形的应力来源、形式和整体协调变形机制,得到巨厚岩层–煤柱系统协调变形的应力–应变关系;(3)探讨巨厚岩层–煤柱系统失稳类型、判据和对井下动力灾害发生的影响,提出灾害防治技术。运用研究成果分析3上1102工作面采前巨厚岩层–煤柱系统稳定性,并对灾害进行预测,根据回采阶段微震监测结果与动力显现情况,初步验证了研究的合理性,通过实施针对性预防措施,最终实现了工作面"有震无灾"的安全回采目的。
This study investigated the compatible deformation model and the stability of the system of super-thick strata and coal pillars based on the recoverability safety of a longwall panel with large coal pillars under super-thick strata in Gaozhuang mine in Jining,Shandong province,China. The coal pillar was found to be able to isolate the gob and support the super thick strata and the overburden structure. The compatible deformation model for super-thick strata and coal pillars was established on the basis of the flexural deflection of super-thick strata and the vertical compressive deformation of coal pillars. The stress source,form as well as the entire compatible deformation mechanism of the vertical deformation of coal pillars were analyzed. The stress-strain relation of the compatible deformation for the system was deduced. The mode and criterion of system instability and its impacton dynamic disasters under mines were discussed. The disaster prevention and control techniques were proposed. The research results were applied to analyze the system stability of 3up1102 Longwall Panel before mining,and the disasters were forecasted. The rationality of the research was initially verified according to the micro-seismic monitoring results and the dynamic stress conditions at the recoverability stage. The purpose of quake without disasters has achieved through implementing the targeted preventive measures.
This study investigated the compatible deformation model and the stability of the system of super-thick strata and coal pillars based on the recoverability safety of a longwall panel with large coal pillars under super-thick strata in Gaozhuang mine in Jining,Shandong province,China. The coal pillar was found to be able to isolate the gob and support the super thick strata and the overburden structure. The compatible deformation model for super-thick strata and coal pillars was established on the basis of the flexural deflection of super-thick strata and the vertical compressive deformation of coal pillars. The stress source,form as well as the entire compatible deformation mechanism of the vertical deformation of coal pillars were analyzed. The stress-strain relation of the compatible deformation for the system was deduced. The mode and criterion of system instability and its impacton dynamic disasters under mines were discussed. The disaster prevention and control techniques were proposed. The research results were applied to analyze the system stability of 3up1102 Longwall Panel before mining,and the disasters were forecasted. The rationality of the research was initially verified according to the micro-seismic monitoring results and the dynamic stress conditions at the recoverability stage. The purpose of quake without disasters has achieved through implementing the targeted preventive measures.
引文
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[4]蒋金泉,王普,武泉林,等.上覆高位岩浆岩下离层空间的演化规律及其预测[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(10):1 769-1 779.(JIANG Jinquan,WANG Pu,WU Quanlin,et al.Evolution laws and prediction of separated stratum space under overlying high-position magmatic rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2015,37(10):1 769-1 779.(in Chinese))
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[6]王金安,刘红,纪洪广.地下开采上覆巨厚岩层断裂机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增1):2 815-2 823.(WANG Jin′an,LIU Hong,JI Hongguang.Study on fracture mechanism of overlying super-thick rock stratum underground mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(Supp.1):2 815-2 823.(in Chinese))
[7]蒋金泉,张培鹏,秦广鹏,等.高位主关键层破断失稳及微震活动分析[J].岩土力学,2015,36(12):3 567-3 575.(JIANG Jinquan,ZHANG Peipeng,QIN Guangpeng,et al.Analysis of destabilized fracture and microseismic activity of high-located main key strata[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(12):3 567-3 575.(in Chinese))
[8]李振雷,窦林名,蔡武,等.深部厚煤层断层煤柱型冲击地压机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(2):334-338.(LIZhenlei,DOU Linming,CAI Wu,et al.Fault-pillar induced rock burst mechanism of thick coal seam in deep mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(2):334-338.(in Chinese))
[9]贺广零,黎都春,翟志文,等.采空区煤柱-顶板系统失稳的力学分析[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(9):897-901.(HE Guangling,LI Duchun,ZHAI Zhiwen,et al.Analysis of instability of coal pillar and stiff roof system[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(9):897-901.(in Chinese))
[10]翟会超,闫满志.壁式削壁充填法采场顶板临界跨度计算[J].岩土力学,2013,34(增2):337-339.(ZHAI Huichao,YAN Manzhi.Critical span calculation of stope roof with waste-lifting stoping method[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(Supp.2):337-339.(in Chinese))
[11]曹胜根,曹洋,姜海军.块段式开采区段煤柱突变失稳机制研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(6):907-913.(CAOShenggen,CAO Yang,JIANG Haijun.Research on catastrophe instability mechanism of section coal pillars in block mining[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2014,31(6):907-913.(in Chinese))
[12]姜福兴,魏全德,姚顺利,等.冲击地压防治关键理论与技术分析[J].煤炭科学技术,2013,41(6):1-4.(JIANG Fuxing,WEIQuande,YAO Shunli,et al.Key theory and technical analysis on mine pressure bumping prevention and control[J].Coal Science and Technology,2013,41(6):1-4.(in Chinese))
[13]钱鸣高,石平五,许家林,等.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2013:93-99.(QIAN Minggao,SHIPingwu,XU Jialin,et al.Mining pressure and strata control[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2013:93-99.(in Chinese))
[14]李雪.老顶断裂位置对沿空巷道顶板及煤柱稳定性影响研究[硕士学位论文][D].淮南:安徽理工大学,2015.(LI Xue.Study on selection of roadway protection mode and surrounding rock controlling under fracture line of thick hard roof[M.S.Thesis][D].Huainan:Anhui University of Science and Technology,2015.(in Chinese))
[15]LUO X,HATHERLY P.Application of microseismic monitoring to characterise geomechnic conditions in longwall mining[J].Exploration Geophysics,1998,(29):489-493.
[16]冯宇,姜福兴,李京达.孤岛工作面围岩整体失稳冲击危险性评估方法[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(5):1 001-1 007.(FENG Yu,JIANG Fuxing,LI Jingda.Evaluation method of rock burst hazard induced by overall instability of island coal face[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(5):1 001-1 007.(in Chinese))
[17]李新元,马念杰,钟亚平,等.坚硬顶板断裂过程中弹性能量积聚与释放的分布规律[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增1):2 786-2 793.(LI Xinyuan,MA Nianjie,ZHONG Yaping,et al.Storage and release regular of elastic energy distribution in tight roof fracturing[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Supp.1):2 786-2 793.(in Chinese))
[18]姜福兴,姚顺利,魏全德,等.重复采动引发矿震的机制探讨及灾害控制[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(3):349-355.(JIANG Fuxing,YAO Shunli,WEI Quande,et al.Tremor mechanism and disaster control during repeated mining[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2015,32(3):349-355.(in Chinese))
[2]姜耀东,潘一山,姜福兴,等.我国煤炭开采中的冲击地压机制和防治[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(2):205-213.(JIANG Yaodong,PAN Yishan,JIANG Fuxing,et al.State of the art review on mechanism and prevention of coal bumps in China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(2):205-213.(in Chinese))
[3]钱鸣高,缪协兴,许家林,等.岩层控制的关键层理论[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2000:59-88.(QIAN Minggao,MIAOXiexing,XU Jialin,et al.Key strata theory[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2000:59-88.(in Chinese))
[4]蒋金泉,王普,武泉林,等.上覆高位岩浆岩下离层空间的演化规律及其预测[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(10):1 769-1 779.(JIANG Jinquan,WANG Pu,WU Quanlin,et al.Evolution laws and prediction of separated stratum space under overlying high-position magmatic rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2015,37(10):1 769-1 779.(in Chinese))
[5]DOU L M,HE X Q,HE H,et al.Spatial structure evolution of overlying strata and inducing mechanism of rockburst in coal mine[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2014,24(4):1 255-1 261.
[6]王金安,刘红,纪洪广.地下开采上覆巨厚岩层断裂机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增1):2 815-2 823.(WANG Jin′an,LIU Hong,JI Hongguang.Study on fracture mechanism of overlying super-thick rock stratum underground mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(Supp.1):2 815-2 823.(in Chinese))
[7]蒋金泉,张培鹏,秦广鹏,等.高位主关键层破断失稳及微震活动分析[J].岩土力学,2015,36(12):3 567-3 575.(JIANG Jinquan,ZHANG Peipeng,QIN Guangpeng,et al.Analysis of destabilized fracture and microseismic activity of high-located main key strata[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(12):3 567-3 575.(in Chinese))
[8]李振雷,窦林名,蔡武,等.深部厚煤层断层煤柱型冲击地压机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(2):334-338.(LIZhenlei,DOU Linming,CAI Wu,et al.Fault-pillar induced rock burst mechanism of thick coal seam in deep mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(2):334-338.(in Chinese))
[9]贺广零,黎都春,翟志文,等.采空区煤柱-顶板系统失稳的力学分析[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(9):897-901.(HE Guangling,LI Duchun,ZHAI Zhiwen,et al.Analysis of instability of coal pillar and stiff roof system[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(9):897-901.(in Chinese))
[10]翟会超,闫满志.壁式削壁充填法采场顶板临界跨度计算[J].岩土力学,2013,34(增2):337-339.(ZHAI Huichao,YAN Manzhi.Critical span calculation of stope roof with waste-lifting stoping method[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(Supp.2):337-339.(in Chinese))
[11]曹胜根,曹洋,姜海军.块段式开采区段煤柱突变失稳机制研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(6):907-913.(CAOShenggen,CAO Yang,JIANG Haijun.Research on catastrophe instability mechanism of section coal pillars in block mining[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2014,31(6):907-913.(in Chinese))
[12]姜福兴,魏全德,姚顺利,等.冲击地压防治关键理论与技术分析[J].煤炭科学技术,2013,41(6):1-4.(JIANG Fuxing,WEIQuande,YAO Shunli,et al.Key theory and technical analysis on mine pressure bumping prevention and control[J].Coal Science and Technology,2013,41(6):1-4.(in Chinese))
[13]钱鸣高,石平五,许家林,等.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2013:93-99.(QIAN Minggao,SHIPingwu,XU Jialin,et al.Mining pressure and strata control[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2013:93-99.(in Chinese))
[14]李雪.老顶断裂位置对沿空巷道顶板及煤柱稳定性影响研究[硕士学位论文][D].淮南:安徽理工大学,2015.(LI Xue.Study on selection of roadway protection mode and surrounding rock controlling under fracture line of thick hard roof[M.S.Thesis][D].Huainan:Anhui University of Science and Technology,2015.(in Chinese))
[15]LUO X,HATHERLY P.Application of microseismic monitoring to characterise geomechnic conditions in longwall mining[J].Exploration Geophysics,1998,(29):489-493.
[16]冯宇,姜福兴,李京达.孤岛工作面围岩整体失稳冲击危险性评估方法[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(5):1 001-1 007.(FENG Yu,JIANG Fuxing,LI Jingda.Evaluation method of rock burst hazard induced by overall instability of island coal face[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(5):1 001-1 007.(in Chinese))
[17]李新元,马念杰,钟亚平,等.坚硬顶板断裂过程中弹性能量积聚与释放的分布规律[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增1):2 786-2 793.(LI Xinyuan,MA Nianjie,ZHONG Yaping,et al.Storage and release regular of elastic energy distribution in tight roof fracturing[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Supp.1):2 786-2 793.(in Chinese))
[18]姜福兴,姚顺利,魏全德,等.重复采动引发矿震的机制探讨及灾害控制[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(3):349-355.(JIANG Fuxing,YAO Shunli,WEI Quande,et al.Tremor mechanism and disaster control during repeated mining[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2015,32(3):349-355.(in Chinese))