中国汉族学生身高占成人身高百分比变化趋势分析
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摘要
目的了解1985—2014年中国汉族不同性别年龄组学生身高占成人身高百分比(简称"身高占比")的变化趋势,为研究中国汉族学生身高占比变化的长期趋势提供参考。方法利用1985,1991,1995,2000,2005,2010,2014年全国学生体质与健康调研资料中7~18岁汉族学生的身高测量数据,计算各年龄组学生身高占比及净增长,分析中国汉族不同性别年龄组学生身高占比变化的长期趋势。结果 1985—2014年,中国汉族学生身高呈逐渐增加趋势,其中男生增高3.79 cm,女生增高2.30 cm。男生身高的城乡差异由1985年的2.92 cm降至2014年的1.21 cm,女生由2.07 cm降为0.95cm。7岁男、女生身高占比分别由1985年的72.02%,76.54%增加至2014年的73.62%,78.50%;8~12岁女生和男生身高占比也逐年增加,同年龄女生的身高占比均高于男生;10岁女生与12岁男生及14岁女生与16岁男生身高占比变化趋势一致。10岁女生或12岁男生身高占比净增长最大,且16岁前身高占比均增加,而16岁时无增长。结论近30年,中国汉族18岁学生的身高仍在增长,城乡差异缩小,主要变化为青春期生长突增高峰年龄前身高占比增加。
Objective To identify changes in students' height-for-adult height among Chinese Han nationality school children and adolescents form 1985 to 2014, and to provide the reference for research of the trend. Methods On the basis of data from7 successive cross-sectional surveys of the Chinese National Survey on Student's Constitution and Health( CNSSCH) conducted in1985, 1991, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2014, we calculated students' height-for-adult height and the net increment. We analyzed secular trend of Chinese Han nationality school students' height. Results Secular trends showed the height of Chinese Han nationality students was increasing during 1985 to 2014. The height increased 3.79 cm for boys and 2.30 cm for girls. The urban-rural difference averagely decreased from 2.92 cm to 1.21 cm for boys and 2.07 cm to 0.95 cm for girls since 1985. Seven-year-old students' height-for-adult height increased from 72.02% to 73.62% for boys and form 76.54% to 78.50% for girls since 1985, 8-14-year-old students' height-for-adult height increased every year. Students' height-for-adult height of girls was higher than that of boys of the same age. Students' height-for-adult height among 10-year-old girls/12-year-old boys and 14-year-old girls/16-yearold boys was same. Net increment of students' height-for-adult height increased most for 10-year-old girls and 12-year-old boys,there is no increment for 16-year-old students. Discussion During 30 years, there was an increasing trend of the Chinese Han nationality school children and adolescents, the urban-rural difference of height was decreasing, mainly shown as students' heightfor-adult height increasing significantly before growth spurt in adolescence.
Objective To identify changes in students' height-for-adult height among Chinese Han nationality school children and adolescents form 1985 to 2014, and to provide the reference for research of the trend. Methods On the basis of data from7 successive cross-sectional surveys of the Chinese National Survey on Student's Constitution and Health( CNSSCH) conducted in1985, 1991, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2014, we calculated students' height-for-adult height and the net increment. We analyzed secular trend of Chinese Han nationality school students' height. Results Secular trends showed the height of Chinese Han nationality students was increasing during 1985 to 2014. The height increased 3.79 cm for boys and 2.30 cm for girls. The urban-rural difference averagely decreased from 2.92 cm to 1.21 cm for boys and 2.07 cm to 0.95 cm for girls since 1985. Seven-year-old students' height-for-adult height increased from 72.02% to 73.62% for boys and form 76.54% to 78.50% for girls since 1985, 8-14-year-old students' height-for-adult height increased every year. Students' height-for-adult height of girls was higher than that of boys of the same age. Students' height-for-adult height among 10-year-old girls/12-year-old boys and 14-year-old girls/16-yearold boys was same. Net increment of students' height-for-adult height increased most for 10-year-old girls and 12-year-old boys,there is no increment for 16-year-old students. Discussion During 30 years, there was an increasing trend of the Chinese Han nationality school children and adolescents, the urban-rural difference of height was decreasing, mainly shown as students' heightfor-adult height increasing significantly before growth spurt in adolescence.
引文
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[23]CHEN J,CHEN W,ZENG G,et al.Secular trends in growth and nutritional outcomes of children under five years old in Xiamen,China[J].Int J Environ Res Public Health,2016,13(11):E1104.
[24]张艺宏,孙君志,李宁.我国1943—2014年儿童少年身高体重生长变化分析[J].中国学校卫生,2016,37(10):1578-1581.
[2]DEATON A.Height,health,and development[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2007,104(33):13232-13237.
[3]DEATON A,ARORA R.Life at the top:the benefits of height[J].Econ Hum Biol,2009,7(2):133-136.
[4]陶芳标.儿童生长长期趋势的几个研究热点[J].中国学校卫生,2003,24(5):429-432.
[5]FUDVOYE J,PARENT A S.Secular trends in growth[J].Ann Endocrinol(Paris),2017,78(2):88-91.
[6]全国学生体质与健康调研组.1985年全国学生体质与健康调研工作手册[M].北京:人民教育出版社,1987:3-35.
[7]全国学生体质与健康调研组.1991年中国学生体质与健康调研工作手册[M].北京:北京科学技术出版社,1993:4-16.
[8]全国学生体质与健康调研组.1995年中国学生体质与健康调研工作手册[M].长春:吉林科学技术出版社,1996:3-19.
[9]全国学生体质与健康调研组.2000年中国学生体质与健康调研工作手册[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002:3-27.
[10]全国学生体质与健康调研组.2005年中国学生体质与健康调研工作手册[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2007:7-39.
[11]全国学生体质与健康调研组.2010年中国学生体质与健康调研工作手册[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2012:23-49.
[12]全国学生体质与健康调研组.2014年中国学生体质与健康调研工作手册[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2016:17-41.
[13]季成叶,张欣.我国城市学生1985—2005年体格发育增长变化[J].中国学校卫生,2011,32(10):1164-1167.
[14]VIJAYAKUMAR P,WHEELOCK K M,KOBES S,et al.Secular changes in physical growth and obesity among southwestern American Indian children over four decades[J].Pediatr Obes,2016,doi:10.1111/ijpo.12199.
[15]NCD Risk Factor Collaboration.A century of trends in adult human height[J].Elife,2016,5:e13410.
[16]YOKOYA M,SHIMIZU H,HIGUCHI Y.Geographical distribution of adolescent body height with respect to effective day length in Japan:an ecological analysis[J].PLo S One,2012,7(12):e50994.
[17]BAIRD J,FISHER D,LUCAS P,et al.Being big or growing fast:systematic review of size and growth in infancy and later obesity[J].BMJ,2005,331(7522):929.
[18]季成叶,张欣,尹小俭,等.中日两国学生身高发育水平及发展趋势比较[J].中国学校卫生,2011,32(10):1168-1173.
[19]韩迪,徐勇.中国1985与2010年不同地区青少年身高体重比较[J].中国学校卫生,2014,35(5):700-703.
[20]李梦园,毕存箭,刘跃峰,等.新疆哈萨克族中小学生身高指标25年动态变化[J].中国学校卫生,2013,34(9):1146-1147.
[21]季成叶,尹小俭.我国乡村学生1985—2005年体格发育增长变化[J].中国学校卫生,2011,32(10):1158-1163.
[22]陶芳标.儿童少年卫生学[M].8版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2017:20.
[23]CHEN J,CHEN W,ZENG G,et al.Secular trends in growth and nutritional outcomes of children under five years old in Xiamen,China[J].Int J Environ Res Public Health,2016,13(11):E1104.
[24]张艺宏,孙君志,李宁.我国1943—2014年儿童少年身高体重生长变化分析[J].中国学校卫生,2016,37(10):1578-1581.