深土力学特性研究现状及发展展望
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摘要
以矿山建设为代表的深部地下工程的大量开建,促使深土力学这一基础理论学科得到了进一步地发展.本文从深土物理性质特性、加载路径力学特性和K0及卸载路径力学特性3方面对目前深土力学特性的相关研究现状进行了综述,指出黏土高压宏观力学响应已得到表观披露但其微观控制机理阐述存在不足.通过微观分子模拟获得层间结合水特性,介观尺度黏土单一晶片物理力学特性模拟,以及考虑短程水化斥力对双电层理论进行修正,揭露控制深土高压力学特性的基本机制在于层间结合水的部分脱附和小间距条件下短程水化斥力的发挥.从试验研究、多尺度数值模拟以及理论分析3方面对深土高压力学特性的研究前景进行了展望.
The deep underground construction in China has recently stepped into a new stage,especially represented by deep mine construction engineering,which promotes the development of deep soil mechanics as a basic disciplines.Based on the reviews of the research status about deep soil physical and mechanical properties under the path of loading and unloading,it is found that these properties have been revealed in general in the past,but not the governing mechanisms.By employing molecular simulations in micro-and-meso-scale,and taking into account the short-range hydration repulsion to modify the traditional diffusion double layer theory,a systematic studies are conducted to investigate the basic mechanisms of high stress mechanical properties for saturated clay,that the partially dehydrated of bound water and the hydration repulsion plays at short distance govern the basic mechanism of high stress compression for saturated clay.The deep soil mechanical properties is prospected from experimental research,multiscale numerical simulation and theoretical analysis.
The deep underground construction in China has recently stepped into a new stage,especially represented by deep mine construction engineering,which promotes the development of deep soil mechanics as a basic disciplines.Based on the reviews of the research status about deep soil physical and mechanical properties under the path of loading and unloading,it is found that these properties have been revealed in general in the past,but not the governing mechanisms.By employing molecular simulations in micro-and-meso-scale,and taking into account the short-range hydration repulsion to modify the traditional diffusion double layer theory,a systematic studies are conducted to investigate the basic mechanisms of high stress mechanical properties for saturated clay,that the partially dehydrated of bound water and the hydration repulsion plays at short distance govern the basic mechanism of high stress compression for saturated clay.The deep soil mechanical properties is prospected from experimental research,multiscale numerical simulation and theoretical analysis.
引文
[1]崔广心.论深厚表土层中确定地下结构物外载的基础理论:深土力学[J].煤炭学报,1999,24(2):123-126.CUI Guangxin.The basic theory for analyzing loads on underground structure in deep alluvium mechanics of deep soil[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1999,24(2):123-126.
[2]李文平,于双忠,王柏荣,等.煤矿区深部黏性土吸附结合水含量测定及其意义[J].水文地质工程地质,1995(3):31-34.LI Wenping,YU Shuangzhong,WANG Borong,et al.Determination the adsorbed bound water of deep cohesive soil in coal mining areas and its significances[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,1995(3):31-34.
[3]许延春,张玉卓.深厚饱和黏土的物理性质特征[C]//中国岩石力学与工程学会.中国岩石力学与工程学会第七次学术大会论文集.西安:中国科学技术出版社,2002:228-231.
[4]孙如华.深部黏性土工程地质性质及微观结构性研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2003:13-15.
[5]商翔宇.不同应力水平深部黏土力学特性研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2009:48-49.
[6]介玉新,许延春,李广信,等.深部黏土的性质与深土力学[C]//中国土木工程学会第九届土力学与岩土工程学术会议论文集.北京:清华大学出版社,2003:355-360.
[7]许延春.深部饱和黏土的力学性质特征[J].煤炭学报,2004,29(1):26-30.XU Yanchun.Mechanics characteristics of deep saturated clay[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2004,29(1):26-30.
[8]介玉新,许延春,刘正,等.深部黏土的室内试验和数值计算[C]//汪稔,张建民.第二届全国岩土与工程学术大会论文集:下册.武汉:武汉理工大学出版社,2006:163-168.
[9]李文平.饱水黏性土高压密实过程中孔压及体应变变化试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,1999,21(6):666-669.LI Wenping.Variation of pore water pressure and volume strain of saturated clayey soil during high pressure compression test[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1999,21(6):666-669.
[10]马金荣,秦勇,周国庆.黏土的高压三轴剪切特征研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2008,37(2):176-179.MA Jinrong,QIN Yong,ZHOU Guoqing.Research on tri-axial shear properties of clay under high pressures[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2008,37(2):176-179.
[11]ZHAO X D,ZHOU G Q,TIAN Q H.Study on the shear strength of deep reconstituted soils[J].Mining Science and Technology,2009,19(3):405-408.
[12]商翔宇,余海岁,周国庆,等.高应力水平下深部黏土力学特性微观分析[J].岩土工程学报,2012,34(2):363-368.SHANG Xiangyu,YU Haisui,ZHOU Guoqing,et al.Micro analysis of mechanical characteristics of deep clay under high stress level[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2012,34(2):363-368.
[13]商翔宇,余海岁,周国庆.高应力水平下深部黏土临界土力学模型研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2012,41(1):1-6.SHANG Xiangyu,YU Haisui,ZHOU Guoqing.A critical soil model for deep clay under high stress levels[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2012,41(1):1-6.
[14]王衍森,崔广心,杨维好.深部土的高压K0固结试验研究展望[J].岩土力学,2003,24(增):687-690.WANG Yansen,CUI Guangxin,YANG Weihao.Prospect of experimental studies of high-pressure consolidation tests of soils in thick alluvium[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(Sup):687-690.
[15]马金荣.深层土的力学特性研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学:1998:33-39.
[16]刘明.高应力下黏性土卸荷剪切特性试验研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学:2003:63-68.
[17]李文平,张志勇,蒲毅彬,等.深部砂土三轴高压卸载结构变化的CT研究[J].工程地质学报,2003,11(3):302-306.LI Wenping,ZHANG Zhiyong,PU Yibin,et al.A study on the structural change of a deeply-buried sandy soil in triaxial high pressure unloading test by CT technique[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2003,11(3):302-306.
[18]李文平,张志勇,孙如华,等.深部黏土高压K0蠕变试验及其微观结构各向异性特点[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(10):1185-1190.LI Wenping,ZHANG Zhiyong,SUN Ruhua,et al.High pressure K0creep experiment and the anisotropy of microstructure of deep buried clay[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2006,28(10):1185-1190.
[19]李文平,王维理,张志勇,等.大埋深黏土三轴高压卸载变形与强度特征[J].工程地质学报,2004,12(3):307-311.LI Wenping,WANG Weili,ZHANG Zhiyong,et al.Study on the characteristics of deformation and strength of a deep clay under triaxial high pressure unloading test[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2004,12(3):307-311.
[20]李文平,孙如华,王维理,等.深部土高压卸载变形结构性量化参数确定及本构模型[J].工程地质学报,2007,15(3):384-390.LI Wenping,SUN Ruhua,WANG Weili,et al.Constitutive model and structural parameter for unloading deformation of clay soils at high pressure from triaxial testing[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2007,15(3):384-390.
[21]王秀艳,唐益群,臧逸中,等.深层土侧向应力的试验研究及新认识[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(3):430-435.WANG Xiuyan,TANG Yiqun,ZANG Yizhong,et al.Experimental studies and new ideas on the lateral stress in soil[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(3):430-435.
[22]XU Z W,ZHOU G Q,LIU Z Q,et al.Study on the test method of static earth pressure coefficient of deep soils[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2007,17(3):330-334.
[23]XU Z W,ZENG K H,WEI Z,et al."Nonlinear"characteristics of the static earth pressure coefficient in thick alluvium[J].Mining Science and Technology,2009,19(1):129-132.
[24]TIAN Q H,XU Z W,ZHOU G Q,et al.Coefficients of earth pressure at rest in thick and deep soils[J].Mining Science and Technology,2009,19(2):252-255.
[25]ZHAO X D,ZHOU G Q,TIAN Q H,et al.Coefficient of earth pressure at rest for normal,consolidated soils[J].Mining Science and Technology,2010,20(3):406-410.
[26]赵晓东,周国庆,王博.深部重塑土高压应力路径试验研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2009,38(4):471-475.ZHAO Xiaodong,ZHOU Guoqing,WANG Bo.Study of the stress paths tests for the deep reconstituted soils at high pressure[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2009,38(4):471-475.
[27]赵晓东,周国庆,田秋红.深部土K0试验方法及对减载力学特性的影响[J].中国矿业大学学报,2011,40(5):702-706.ZHAO Xiaodong,ZHOU Guoqing,TIAN Qiuhong.Influences of K0test method for earth pressure coefficient at rest to unloading properties of deep clay[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2011,40(5):702-706.
[28]ZHAO X D,ZHOU G Q,SHANG X Y,et al.Earth pressure coefficient at rest during secondary compression[J].Journal of Central South University of Technology,2011,18(6):2115-2121.
[29]陈国舟,周国庆.考虑土拱效应的滑移面间竖向应力研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2014,43(3):374-379.CHEN Guozhou,ZHOU Guoqing.Study of vertical stress between slip planes considering soil arching effect[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2014,43(3):374-379.
[30]常虹,夏军武,孔伟,等.采动区扰动土-结构界面剪切特性的试验研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2013,42(4):535-539.CHANG Hong,XIA Junwu,KONG Wei,et al.Experimental study on shear characteristics of disturbed soil-structure interface within mining subsidence areas[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2013,42(4):535-539.
[31]况联飞,周国庆,BOLEY C,等.饱和黏土高压压缩特性的微观机制:研究现状与思路[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(2):233-238.KUANG Lianfei,ZHOU Guoqing,BOLEY C,et al.The micro-mechanism controlling compressibility of saturated clay under high pressure:actualities and thoughts[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(2):233-238.
[32]况联飞,周国庆,商翔宇,等.钠蒙脱土晶层间水分子结构分子动力学模拟[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(3):417-423.KUANG Lianfei,ZHOU Guoqing,SHANG Xiangyu,et al.Molecular dynamic simulation of interlayer water structure in Na-montmorillonite[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(3):417-423.
[33]况联飞.饱和蒙脱土高压力学特性基本机制多尺度研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2013:128-135.
[34]付一政.固体推进剂和高分子共混物的微观、介观和宏观多尺度模拟研究[D].太原:中北大学,2012:110-115.
[35]ISRAELACHVILI J N.Intermolecular and surface forces:3rd edition[M].Amsterdam:Academic Press,Elsevier,2011:341-380.
[36]YONG R N,MOHAMED A M O.A study of particle interaction energies in wetting of unsaturated expensive clays[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1992,29(6):1060-1070.
[37]BOLT G H.Physico-chemical analysis of the compressibility of pure clays[J].Géotechnique,1956,6(2):86-93.
[38]MARCIAL D,DELAGE P,CUI Y J.On the high stress compression of bentonites[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2002,39(4):812-820.
[2]李文平,于双忠,王柏荣,等.煤矿区深部黏性土吸附结合水含量测定及其意义[J].水文地质工程地质,1995(3):31-34.LI Wenping,YU Shuangzhong,WANG Borong,et al.Determination the adsorbed bound water of deep cohesive soil in coal mining areas and its significances[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,1995(3):31-34.
[3]许延春,张玉卓.深厚饱和黏土的物理性质特征[C]//中国岩石力学与工程学会.中国岩石力学与工程学会第七次学术大会论文集.西安:中国科学技术出版社,2002:228-231.
[4]孙如华.深部黏性土工程地质性质及微观结构性研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2003:13-15.
[5]商翔宇.不同应力水平深部黏土力学特性研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2009:48-49.
[6]介玉新,许延春,李广信,等.深部黏土的性质与深土力学[C]//中国土木工程学会第九届土力学与岩土工程学术会议论文集.北京:清华大学出版社,2003:355-360.
[7]许延春.深部饱和黏土的力学性质特征[J].煤炭学报,2004,29(1):26-30.XU Yanchun.Mechanics characteristics of deep saturated clay[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2004,29(1):26-30.
[8]介玉新,许延春,刘正,等.深部黏土的室内试验和数值计算[C]//汪稔,张建民.第二届全国岩土与工程学术大会论文集:下册.武汉:武汉理工大学出版社,2006:163-168.
[9]李文平.饱水黏性土高压密实过程中孔压及体应变变化试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,1999,21(6):666-669.LI Wenping.Variation of pore water pressure and volume strain of saturated clayey soil during high pressure compression test[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1999,21(6):666-669.
[10]马金荣,秦勇,周国庆.黏土的高压三轴剪切特征研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2008,37(2):176-179.MA Jinrong,QIN Yong,ZHOU Guoqing.Research on tri-axial shear properties of clay under high pressures[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2008,37(2):176-179.
[11]ZHAO X D,ZHOU G Q,TIAN Q H.Study on the shear strength of deep reconstituted soils[J].Mining Science and Technology,2009,19(3):405-408.
[12]商翔宇,余海岁,周国庆,等.高应力水平下深部黏土力学特性微观分析[J].岩土工程学报,2012,34(2):363-368.SHANG Xiangyu,YU Haisui,ZHOU Guoqing,et al.Micro analysis of mechanical characteristics of deep clay under high stress level[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2012,34(2):363-368.
[13]商翔宇,余海岁,周国庆.高应力水平下深部黏土临界土力学模型研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2012,41(1):1-6.SHANG Xiangyu,YU Haisui,ZHOU Guoqing.A critical soil model for deep clay under high stress levels[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2012,41(1):1-6.
[14]王衍森,崔广心,杨维好.深部土的高压K0固结试验研究展望[J].岩土力学,2003,24(增):687-690.WANG Yansen,CUI Guangxin,YANG Weihao.Prospect of experimental studies of high-pressure consolidation tests of soils in thick alluvium[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(Sup):687-690.
[15]马金荣.深层土的力学特性研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学:1998:33-39.
[16]刘明.高应力下黏性土卸荷剪切特性试验研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学:2003:63-68.
[17]李文平,张志勇,蒲毅彬,等.深部砂土三轴高压卸载结构变化的CT研究[J].工程地质学报,2003,11(3):302-306.LI Wenping,ZHANG Zhiyong,PU Yibin,et al.A study on the structural change of a deeply-buried sandy soil in triaxial high pressure unloading test by CT technique[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2003,11(3):302-306.
[18]李文平,张志勇,孙如华,等.深部黏土高压K0蠕变试验及其微观结构各向异性特点[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(10):1185-1190.LI Wenping,ZHANG Zhiyong,SUN Ruhua,et al.High pressure K0creep experiment and the anisotropy of microstructure of deep buried clay[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2006,28(10):1185-1190.
[19]李文平,王维理,张志勇,等.大埋深黏土三轴高压卸载变形与强度特征[J].工程地质学报,2004,12(3):307-311.LI Wenping,WANG Weili,ZHANG Zhiyong,et al.Study on the characteristics of deformation and strength of a deep clay under triaxial high pressure unloading test[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2004,12(3):307-311.
[20]李文平,孙如华,王维理,等.深部土高压卸载变形结构性量化参数确定及本构模型[J].工程地质学报,2007,15(3):384-390.LI Wenping,SUN Ruhua,WANG Weili,et al.Constitutive model and structural parameter for unloading deformation of clay soils at high pressure from triaxial testing[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2007,15(3):384-390.
[21]王秀艳,唐益群,臧逸中,等.深层土侧向应力的试验研究及新认识[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(3):430-435.WANG Xiuyan,TANG Yiqun,ZANG Yizhong,et al.Experimental studies and new ideas on the lateral stress in soil[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(3):430-435.
[22]XU Z W,ZHOU G Q,LIU Z Q,et al.Study on the test method of static earth pressure coefficient of deep soils[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2007,17(3):330-334.
[23]XU Z W,ZENG K H,WEI Z,et al."Nonlinear"characteristics of the static earth pressure coefficient in thick alluvium[J].Mining Science and Technology,2009,19(1):129-132.
[24]TIAN Q H,XU Z W,ZHOU G Q,et al.Coefficients of earth pressure at rest in thick and deep soils[J].Mining Science and Technology,2009,19(2):252-255.
[25]ZHAO X D,ZHOU G Q,TIAN Q H,et al.Coefficient of earth pressure at rest for normal,consolidated soils[J].Mining Science and Technology,2010,20(3):406-410.
[26]赵晓东,周国庆,王博.深部重塑土高压应力路径试验研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2009,38(4):471-475.ZHAO Xiaodong,ZHOU Guoqing,WANG Bo.Study of the stress paths tests for the deep reconstituted soils at high pressure[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2009,38(4):471-475.
[27]赵晓东,周国庆,田秋红.深部土K0试验方法及对减载力学特性的影响[J].中国矿业大学学报,2011,40(5):702-706.ZHAO Xiaodong,ZHOU Guoqing,TIAN Qiuhong.Influences of K0test method for earth pressure coefficient at rest to unloading properties of deep clay[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2011,40(5):702-706.
[28]ZHAO X D,ZHOU G Q,SHANG X Y,et al.Earth pressure coefficient at rest during secondary compression[J].Journal of Central South University of Technology,2011,18(6):2115-2121.
[29]陈国舟,周国庆.考虑土拱效应的滑移面间竖向应力研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2014,43(3):374-379.CHEN Guozhou,ZHOU Guoqing.Study of vertical stress between slip planes considering soil arching effect[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2014,43(3):374-379.
[30]常虹,夏军武,孔伟,等.采动区扰动土-结构界面剪切特性的试验研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2013,42(4):535-539.CHANG Hong,XIA Junwu,KONG Wei,et al.Experimental study on shear characteristics of disturbed soil-structure interface within mining subsidence areas[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2013,42(4):535-539.
[31]况联飞,周国庆,BOLEY C,等.饱和黏土高压压缩特性的微观机制:研究现状与思路[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(2):233-238.KUANG Lianfei,ZHOU Guoqing,BOLEY C,et al.The micro-mechanism controlling compressibility of saturated clay under high pressure:actualities and thoughts[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(2):233-238.
[32]况联飞,周国庆,商翔宇,等.钠蒙脱土晶层间水分子结构分子动力学模拟[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(3):417-423.KUANG Lianfei,ZHOU Guoqing,SHANG Xiangyu,et al.Molecular dynamic simulation of interlayer water structure in Na-montmorillonite[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(3):417-423.
[33]况联飞.饱和蒙脱土高压力学特性基本机制多尺度研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2013:128-135.
[34]付一政.固体推进剂和高分子共混物的微观、介观和宏观多尺度模拟研究[D].太原:中北大学,2012:110-115.
[35]ISRAELACHVILI J N.Intermolecular and surface forces:3rd edition[M].Amsterdam:Academic Press,Elsevier,2011:341-380.
[36]YONG R N,MOHAMED A M O.A study of particle interaction energies in wetting of unsaturated expensive clays[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1992,29(6):1060-1070.
[37]BOLT G H.Physico-chemical analysis of the compressibility of pure clays[J].Géotechnique,1956,6(2):86-93.
[38]MARCIAL D,DELAGE P,CUI Y J.On the high stress compression of bentonites[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2002,39(4):812-820.