驻海拔3680 m高原地区陆军某部膳食营养调查与评价
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摘要
目的调查高原官兵的膳食结构和身体状况,为指导部队合理膳食,提高高原官兵的膳食营养水平提供依据。方法选取驻海拔3 680 m高原地区陆军某部一个伙食单位就餐人员(青年男性官兵)190名,采取称量法进行连续4 d的膳食调查;同时利用体质量身体脂肪测量器及皮脂测量仪进行体格检查;抽取官兵空腹全血,进行血样生化检查,测定贫血3项、全血矿物质8项以及血清维生素A、血清维生素D、血清维生素E等生化指标。并以GJB 826A-2010《军人食物定量》、GJB 823B-2016《军人营养素供给量》、GJB 1636A-2016《军队营养调查与评价方法》和血样检测结果参考值为依据进行评价。结果膳食调查结果显示该部官兵肉类、禽蛋及食用菌等食物摄入充足,但鱼虾、蔬菜、水果、大豆和牛奶等食物摄入量不足,部分食物摄入低于标准的50%;蛋白质、铁、维生素E等多数营养素供给达标,但钙、锌、碘、维生素A、维生素B_1、维生素B_2摄入量不足;能量摄入量达标,其中3大营养素蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物供能所占比例分别为12.0%、45. 0%、43. 0%,脂肪供能比偏高,蛋白质和碳水化合物供能比未达到标准;体质指数在18.5～23.9范围内的官兵有91名,占比为75. 8%,表明大多数官兵营养状况正常,但也存在慢性营养不良的情况。血样检测结果显示,官兵多种营养素在标准范围内,但维生素D和钙普遍缺乏,铁元素部分人员超标。结论部分人员存在营养不良的情况,维生素D和钙缺乏明显,还需调整膳食结构和进行营养宣教来改善高原部队膳食营养现状。
Objective To investigate the dietary structure and physical condition of officers and soldiers at high altitude in order to guide the troops for a rational diet and provide a strong basis for improving the dietary and nutritional status for them. Methods A total of 190 young male officers and soldiers from a troop located at an altitude of 3680 m above sea level were subjected in this study. A dietary survey for continuous 4 days was carried out by weighing the foods they toke. Physical examination was carried out using body fat measuring device and sebum meter. Fasting whole blood samples was collected from the officers and soldiers for biochemical tests,3 anemia items,8 trace elements in whole blood and serum biochemical contents such as vitamins A, D and E. Military Food Ration( GJB 826A-2010), Army Soldiers Food Nutrients Supply( GJB 823B-2016), Army Nutrition Surveys and Evaluation Methods( GJB 1636 A-2016),and reference ranges for blood tests were employed to evaluate the obtained indexes. Results The results of the dietary survey showed that there were adequate intakes of foodstuffs such as meat, eggs and edible mushrooms, but insufficient intakes of fish, shrimp, vegetables, fruits, soybeans and cow milk, and some intakes were below the 50% of standard values. Most nutrients, including protein, iron, vitamin E and other nutrient supplies met the standards of supplying, but the intakes of calcium, zinc, iodine, and vitamins A,and B2 did not achieve the supply standards. Their energy supply was up to standard, with the 3 major nutrients(protein, fat and carbohydrate) accounting for 12. 0%, 45. 0% and 43.0%; but the ratio of fat was quite high, while those of protein and carbohydrate were lower in the energy supply. There were 91 subjects(75. 8%) at a BMI range of 18. 5 to 23.9, indicating that most officers and soldiers have normal nutritional status, but there are still some of chronic malnutrition. Blood test results showed that many nutrients were in the standard ranges, but vitamin D and calcium were generally deficient, and iron element exceeded the standard in some subjects. Conclusion Malnutrition is found in some of the staffs, with obvious deficiencies of vitamin D and calcium. Dietary structure and nutritional education should also be adjusted to improve the nutritional status of the plateau troops.
Objective To investigate the dietary structure and physical condition of officers and soldiers at high altitude in order to guide the troops for a rational diet and provide a strong basis for improving the dietary and nutritional status for them. Methods A total of 190 young male officers and soldiers from a troop located at an altitude of 3680 m above sea level were subjected in this study. A dietary survey for continuous 4 days was carried out by weighing the foods they toke. Physical examination was carried out using body fat measuring device and sebum meter. Fasting whole blood samples was collected from the officers and soldiers for biochemical tests,3 anemia items,8 trace elements in whole blood and serum biochemical contents such as vitamins A, D and E. Military Food Ration( GJB 826A-2010), Army Soldiers Food Nutrients Supply( GJB 823B-2016), Army Nutrition Surveys and Evaluation Methods( GJB 1636 A-2016),and reference ranges for blood tests were employed to evaluate the obtained indexes. Results The results of the dietary survey showed that there were adequate intakes of foodstuffs such as meat, eggs and edible mushrooms, but insufficient intakes of fish, shrimp, vegetables, fruits, soybeans and cow milk, and some intakes were below the 50% of standard values. Most nutrients, including protein, iron, vitamin E and other nutrient supplies met the standards of supplying, but the intakes of calcium, zinc, iodine, and vitamins A,and B2 did not achieve the supply standards. Their energy supply was up to standard, with the 3 major nutrients(protein, fat and carbohydrate) accounting for 12. 0%, 45. 0% and 43.0%; but the ratio of fat was quite high, while those of protein and carbohydrate were lower in the energy supply. There were 91 subjects(75. 8%) at a BMI range of 18. 5 to 23.9, indicating that most officers and soldiers have normal nutritional status, but there are still some of chronic malnutrition. Blood test results showed that many nutrients were in the standard ranges, but vitamin D and calcium were generally deficient, and iron element exceeded the standard in some subjects. Conclusion Malnutrition is found in some of the staffs, with obvious deficiencies of vitamin D and calcium. Dietary structure and nutritional education should also be adjusted to improve the nutritional status of the plateau troops.
引文
[1]韦京豫,郭长江,杨继军,等.高原某边防部队营养调查[J].解放军预防医学杂志,2006,24(6):419-420. DOI:1001-5248(2006)06-0419-02.WEI J Y, GUO C J, YANG J J, et al. Nutritional investigation of a frontier force on the plateau[J]. J Prev Med Chin PLA, 2006,24(6):419-420. DOI:1001-5248(2006)06-0419-02.
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[4]王宏运,刘宁,胡耀文,等.高原低氧环境对人体生长发育和营养状况的影响[J].西北国防医学杂志,2008,29(4):289-291. DOI:1007-8622(2008)04-0289-03.WANG H Y, LIU N, HU Y W, et al. Effects of hypoxic environment on human growth and nutrition[J]. Med J Northwest Natl Def, 2008,29(4):289-291. DOI:1007-8622(2008)04-0289-03.
[5] GJB 823B-2016《军人营养素供给量》[S].北京:中央军委后勤保障部,2016.GJB 823b-2016. Nutrient supply of military personnel[S].Beijing:Logistics support department of the Central Military Commission, 2016.
[6] GJB 1636A-2016《军队营养调查与评价方法》[S].北京:中央军委后勤保障部,2016.GJB 1636a-2016. Military nutrition survey and evaluation method[S]. Beijing:Logistics support department of the Central Military Commission, 2016.
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[8] GJB 826A-2010《军人食物定量》[S].北京:中国人民解放军总后勤部,2010.GJB 826A-2010. Servicemen's food quantity[S]. Beijing:General Logistics Department of the Chinese people's Liberation Army, 2010.
[9]杨文学.军队营养与食品学[M].北京:解放军出版社,2010:293-298.YANG W X. Military nutrition and food science[M]. Beijing:Liberation Army press, 2010:293-298.
[10] SEMBA R D. The role of vitamin A and related retinoids in immune function[J]. Nutr Rev, 1998, 56(1 Pt 2):S38-S48. DOI:10.1111/j. 1753-4887.1998. tb01643. x.
[11] DURIANCIK D M, LACKEY D E, HOAG K A. Vitamin A as a regulator of antigen presenting cells[J]. J Nutr, 2010,140(8):1395-1399. DOI:10. 3945/jn. 110.124461.
[12] ROSS A C, CHEN Q, MA Y. Vitamin A and retinoic acidin the regulation of B-cell development and antibody production[J]. Vitam Horm, 2011, 86:103-126. DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-386960-9. 00005-8.
[13]郑善军,张钢.高原营养对提高高原劳动能力的研究进展[J].西南军医,2012, 14(2):281-284. DOI:10.3969/j. issn. 1672-7193.201202.051.ZHENG S J, ZHANG G. The research progress of plateau nutrition on improving the labor capacity of the plateau[J].J Mil Surg Southwest Chin, 2012, 14(2):282. DOI:10.3969/j. issn. 1672-7193.201202.051.
[14]庞伟,郭长江,金宏,等.410名青年战士维生素及矿物质营养状况调查与评价[J].解放军预防医学杂志,2016,34(5):672-673,677. DOI:10.13704/j. cnki. jyyx. 2016. 05.013.PANG W, GUO C J, JIN H, et al. A survey of mineral and vitamin nutritional status in young soldiers[J]. J Prev Med Chin PLA, 2016, 34(5):672-673,677. DOI:10. 13704/j. cnki. jyyx. 2016. 05. 013.
[15]岳华,张克勤,章振林.维生素D缺乏及其危险因素[J].中华骨质疏松和骨矿盐疾病杂志,2018,11(01):34-38.DOI:10. 3969/j. issn. 1674-2591. 2018. 01. 004.YUE H,ZHANG K Q,ZHANG Z L. Risk factors of vitamin D deficiency[J]. Chin J Osteoporos Bone Miner Res,2018,11(1):34-38. DOI:10. 3969/j. issn. 1674-2591. 2018. 01.004.
[16]唐佳运,乔逸.维生素D与免疫调节和人类疾病关系研究进展[J].中国免疫学杂志,2014,30(12):1721-1725.DOI:1000-484X(2014)12-1721-05.TANG J Y, QIAO Y. Progress in research on the relationship between vitamin D and immune regulation and human disease[J]. Chin J Immun, 2014,30(12):1721-1725.DOI:1000-484X(2014)12-1721-05.
[2]郭长江,韦京豫,杨继军,等.高原某雷达站营养调查与分析[J].西南国防医药,2008,18(1):153-155.DOI:1004-0188(2018)01-0153-03.GUO C J, WEI J Y, YANG J J, et al. Nutritional investigation and analysis of a radar station on the plateau[J]. Med J Southwest Natl Def, 2008,18(1):153-155. DOI:1004-0188(2018)01-0153-03.
[3]李晓莉,邵剑钢,王飞,等.海拔3 600m高原地区官兵膳食营养调查与评价[J].解放军预防医学杂志,2015,33(5):526-527. DOI:1001-5248(2015)05-0526-02.LI X L, SHAO J G, WANG F, et al. Nutritional survey and evaluation of soldiers in the 3600m plateau area[J]. J Prev Med Chin PLA, 2015,33(5):526-527. DOI:1001-5248(2015)05-0526-02.
[4]王宏运,刘宁,胡耀文,等.高原低氧环境对人体生长发育和营养状况的影响[J].西北国防医学杂志,2008,29(4):289-291. DOI:1007-8622(2008)04-0289-03.WANG H Y, LIU N, HU Y W, et al. Effects of hypoxic environment on human growth and nutrition[J]. Med J Northwest Natl Def, 2008,29(4):289-291. DOI:1007-8622(2008)04-0289-03.
[5] GJB 823B-2016《军人营养素供给量》[S].北京:中央军委后勤保障部,2016.GJB 823b-2016. Nutrient supply of military personnel[S].Beijing:Logistics support department of the Central Military Commission, 2016.
[6] GJB 1636A-2016《军队营养调查与评价方法》[S].北京:中央军委后勤保障部,2016.GJB 1636a-2016. Military nutrition survey and evaluation method[S]. Beijing:Logistics support department of the Central Military Commission, 2016.
[7]杨月欣,王光亚,潘兴昌.中国食物成分表[M].北京:北京大学医学出版社,2009.YANG Y X,WANG G Y,PAN X C. Chinese food composition table[M]. Beijing:Peking University Medical Press, 2009.
[8] GJB 826A-2010《军人食物定量》[S].北京:中国人民解放军总后勤部,2010.GJB 826A-2010. Servicemen's food quantity[S]. Beijing:General Logistics Department of the Chinese people's Liberation Army, 2010.
[9]杨文学.军队营养与食品学[M].北京:解放军出版社,2010:293-298.YANG W X. Military nutrition and food science[M]. Beijing:Liberation Army press, 2010:293-298.
[10] SEMBA R D. The role of vitamin A and related retinoids in immune function[J]. Nutr Rev, 1998, 56(1 Pt 2):S38-S48. DOI:10.1111/j. 1753-4887.1998. tb01643. x.
[11] DURIANCIK D M, LACKEY D E, HOAG K A. Vitamin A as a regulator of antigen presenting cells[J]. J Nutr, 2010,140(8):1395-1399. DOI:10. 3945/jn. 110.124461.
[12] ROSS A C, CHEN Q, MA Y. Vitamin A and retinoic acidin the regulation of B-cell development and antibody production[J]. Vitam Horm, 2011, 86:103-126. DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-386960-9. 00005-8.
[13]郑善军,张钢.高原营养对提高高原劳动能力的研究进展[J].西南军医,2012, 14(2):281-284. DOI:10.3969/j. issn. 1672-7193.201202.051.ZHENG S J, ZHANG G. The research progress of plateau nutrition on improving the labor capacity of the plateau[J].J Mil Surg Southwest Chin, 2012, 14(2):282. DOI:10.3969/j. issn. 1672-7193.201202.051.
[14]庞伟,郭长江,金宏,等.410名青年战士维生素及矿物质营养状况调查与评价[J].解放军预防医学杂志,2016,34(5):672-673,677. DOI:10.13704/j. cnki. jyyx. 2016. 05.013.PANG W, GUO C J, JIN H, et al. A survey of mineral and vitamin nutritional status in young soldiers[J]. J Prev Med Chin PLA, 2016, 34(5):672-673,677. DOI:10. 13704/j. cnki. jyyx. 2016. 05. 013.
[15]岳华,张克勤,章振林.维生素D缺乏及其危险因素[J].中华骨质疏松和骨矿盐疾病杂志,2018,11(01):34-38.DOI:10. 3969/j. issn. 1674-2591. 2018. 01. 004.YUE H,ZHANG K Q,ZHANG Z L. Risk factors of vitamin D deficiency[J]. Chin J Osteoporos Bone Miner Res,2018,11(1):34-38. DOI:10. 3969/j. issn. 1674-2591. 2018. 01.004.
[16]唐佳运,乔逸.维生素D与免疫调节和人类疾病关系研究进展[J].中国免疫学杂志,2014,30(12):1721-1725.DOI:1000-484X(2014)12-1721-05.TANG J Y, QIAO Y. Progress in research on the relationship between vitamin D and immune regulation and human disease[J]. Chin J Immun, 2014,30(12):1721-1725.DOI:1000-484X(2014)12-1721-05.