初入高原新兵认知能力变化的纵向追踪研究
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摘要
目的探索初入高原新兵认知能力变化趋势。方法采用配对设计的方法,通过记忆搜索测验、迷津测验、数字搜索测验、数字相加测验、心理旋转测验、注意广度测验,对147名初入高原新兵进入3 700 m海拔高原1周、1、3、6个月认知能力进行纵向追踪评估和对比研究。结果记忆搜索测验得分,第四次测评成绩与前3次之间差异有统计学意义(t_(记4-3)=-5.825,t_(记4-2)=-5.867,t_(记4-1)=-5.839,均P<0.01);迷津、数字搜索、心理旋转测验得分,除第2次与第3次间差异无统计学意义,其余各次间以及与第2次、第3次间差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);数字相加测验得分,第1次与第2次、第3次、第4次间差异均有统计学意义(t_(数加2-1)=6.297,t_(数加3-1)=6.206,t_(数加4-1)=3.564,均P<0.01),其余各次间差异无统计学意义;注意广度测验得分,第1次与第4次、第2次与第3次间差异无统计学意义,其余各次间差异有统计学意义(t_(注2-1)=3.957,t_(注3-1)=4.277,t_(注4-2)=-4.269,t_(注4-3)=-4.539,均P<0.01)。结论初入高原6个月间,新兵认知能力存在起伏,记忆搜索能力呈现缓慢降低的趋势,迷津测验、数字搜索测验、数字相加测验、心理旋转测验呈现缓慢提升的趋势,注意广度呈现先提升后降低的趋势,6种认知能力在初入高原1-3个月间均未表现出显著变化。
[Objective]To explore the change trend of cognitive ability among recruits who first entered plateau. [Methods] The paired design method was adopted, and the cognitive abilities of 147 recruits who first entered 3 700 m plateau for 1 week,1 month, 3 months and 6 months were longitudinally evaluated and comparatively analyzed by memory search test, maze test,number search test, number calculation test, mental rotation test and attention span test. [Results] For the scores of memory search test, there were statistically significant differences between the fourth test and before three tests(t_(memory4-3)=-5.825, t_(memory4-2)=-5.867, t_(memory4-1)=-5.839, all P<0.01). For the scores of maze test, digital search and mental rotation, there were not statistically significant between second and third test, but statistically significant between other tests(all P<0.05). For the scores of number calculation test, there were statistically significant differences between the first test and other three tests(t_(number2-1)=6.297, t_(number3-1)=6.206, t_(number4-1)=3.564, all P<0.01), and others were not statistically significant. For the scores of attention span test, there were not statistically significant between the first and fourth test, the second and third test, others were statistically significant(t_(attention2-1)=3.957, t_(attention3-1)=4.277, t_(attention4-2)=-4.269, t_(attention4-3)=-4.539, all P<0.01). [Conclusion] First entered the plateau for 6 months, the cognitive ability of recruits fluctuates, memory search ability shows a slow decreasing trend, maze test, number search test,number calculation test and mental rotation test show a slow increasing trend, and attention span shows a trend to increase and then decrease. Six kinds of cognitive abilities do not show significant changes in first entered plateau for 1-3 months.
[Objective]To explore the change trend of cognitive ability among recruits who first entered plateau. [Methods] The paired design method was adopted, and the cognitive abilities of 147 recruits who first entered 3 700 m plateau for 1 week,1 month, 3 months and 6 months were longitudinally evaluated and comparatively analyzed by memory search test, maze test,number search test, number calculation test, mental rotation test and attention span test. [Results] For the scores of memory search test, there were statistically significant differences between the fourth test and before three tests(t_(memory4-3)=-5.825, t_(memory4-2)=-5.867, t_(memory4-1)=-5.839, all P<0.01). For the scores of maze test, digital search and mental rotation, there were not statistically significant between second and third test, but statistically significant between other tests(all P<0.05). For the scores of number calculation test, there were statistically significant differences between the first test and other three tests(t_(number2-1)=6.297, t_(number3-1)=6.206, t_(number4-1)=3.564, all P<0.01), and others were not statistically significant. For the scores of attention span test, there were not statistically significant between the first and fourth test, the second and third test, others were statistically significant(t_(attention2-1)=3.957, t_(attention3-1)=4.277, t_(attention4-2)=-4.269, t_(attention4-3)=-4.539, all P<0.01). [Conclusion] First entered the plateau for 6 months, the cognitive ability of recruits fluctuates, memory search ability shows a slow decreasing trend, maze test, number search test,number calculation test and mental rotation test show a slow increasing trend, and attention span shows a trend to increase and then decrease. Six kinds of cognitive abilities do not show significant changes in first entered plateau for 1-3 months.
引文
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[13]张蕾,胡文东,罗二平,等.数字搜索能力测验与卡特尔16种个性因素测验的相关研究[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2010,18(5):610-612.
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[18]PELAMATTI G,PASCOTTO M,SEMENZA C.Verbal free recall in high altitude:proper names vs common names[J].Cortex,2003,39(1):97-103.
[19]陈竺,保宏翔,陆小龙,等.男性新兵认知神经心理功能基线实验研究[J].西北国防医学杂志,2014,35(1):37-39.
[20]保宏翔,陈竺,陆小龙,等.急进高原对新兵认知功能的影响[J].第三军医大学学报,2013,35(14):1498-1500.
[21]胡科妍,史清海,伏建峰.急进高原大脑认知功能障碍的机制及其防护措施[J].西北国防医学杂志,2015,36(4):247-250.
[22]保宏翔.驻防高原男性新兵生理及认知功能改变的影响因素研究[J].解放军预防医学杂志,2016,34(5):653-655.
[23]高伊星.久居高原青年官兵脑功能的变化特征及其相关因素研究[D].重庆:第三军医大学,2013.
[24]韩国玲.高原低氧对人体认知功能影响的研究[J].高原医学杂志,2009,19(4):62-64.
[25]BOLMONT B,THULLIER F,ABRAINI J.Relationships between mood states and performances in reaction time,psychomotor ability,and mental efficiency during a 31-day gradual decompression in a hypobaric chamber from sea level to 8848m equivalent altitude[J].Physiol Behav,2001,71(5):469-476.
[26]PAGANI M,RAVAGNAN G,SALMASO D.Effect of acclimatisation to altitude on learning[J].Cortex,1998,34(2):243-251.
[2]VIRUES-ORTEGA J,BUELA-CASAL G,GARRIDO E,et al.Neuropsychological functioning associated with high-altitude exposure[J].Neuropsychol Rev,2005,14(4):197-224.
[3]O'BRYANT SE,MELISSA E,MENON CV,et al.Long-Term LowLevel Arsenic Exposure Is Associated with Poorer Neuropsychological Functioning:A Project FRONTIER Study[J].Int J Environ Res Public Health,2011,8(3):861-874.
[4]保宏翔,陈竺,王东勇.不同海拔高度军人认知神经心理功能实验研究[J].西北国防医学杂志,2013,34(4):310-312.
[5]张宽,朱玲玲,范明.高原环境对人认知功能的影响[J].军事医学,2011,35(9):706-709.
[6]李强,王向阳,刘诗翔,等.长短期进藏官兵睡眠质量与认知功能的研究[J].医药论坛杂志,2010,31(4):7-8,10.
[7]史清海,曹金军,葛迪,等.急性低压低氧暴露不同时间对大鼠空间记忆能力的影响[J].解放军预防医学杂志,2014,32(4):306-308.
[8]蒋春华,刘福玉,崔建华,等.快速进入海拔5380m高原早期人体视听觉认知功能的变化[J].解放军预防医学杂志,2011,29(1):26-29.
[9]保宏翔,陈竺,王东勇.男性新兵进驻高原3个月后认知功能改变研究[J].军事医学,2014,38(3):178-180.
[10]保宏翔,陈竺,王东勇.海拔3700m驻防3个月和15个月的男性新兵认知功能对比研究[J].第二军医大学学报,2015,36(4):455-458.
[11]李月敏.西藏高原缺氧环境下不同时间进藏部队人员睡眠质量和认知功能的调查研究[D].昆明:昆明医学院,2008.
[12]徐莉,魏焕成,史润泽,等.不同海拔高度及任务对官兵心理健康状况的调查[J].西南军医,2014,16(6):627-628.
[13]张蕾,胡文东,罗二平,等.数字搜索能力测验与卡特尔16种个性因素测验的相关研究[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2010,18(5):610-612.
[14]韦新.高原青年官兵认知功能的特征与事件相关电位研究[D].西安:第四军医大学,2015.
[15]MACKAY-LYONS M,GUBITZ G,GIACOMANTONIO N,et al.Program of rehabilitative exercise and education to avert vascular events after non-disabling stroke or transient ischemic attack(PREVENT Trial):a multi-centred,randomized con-trolled trial[J/OL].BMC Neurol,2010,10(1):122.
[16]BONNON M,NOEL-JORAND MC,THERME P.Criteria for psychological adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia[J].Percept Mot Skills,1999,89(1):3-18.
[17]KEMTARO W,YOSHIAKI M,YUKO W,et al.Hyperlipidaemia,lack of sleep and smoking as risk factors for proteinuria among high altitude mountain trekkers[J].Nephrology(Carlton),2006,11(2):131-136.
[18]PELAMATTI G,PASCOTTO M,SEMENZA C.Verbal free recall in high altitude:proper names vs common names[J].Cortex,2003,39(1):97-103.
[19]陈竺,保宏翔,陆小龙,等.男性新兵认知神经心理功能基线实验研究[J].西北国防医学杂志,2014,35(1):37-39.
[20]保宏翔,陈竺,陆小龙,等.急进高原对新兵认知功能的影响[J].第三军医大学学报,2013,35(14):1498-1500.
[21]胡科妍,史清海,伏建峰.急进高原大脑认知功能障碍的机制及其防护措施[J].西北国防医学杂志,2015,36(4):247-250.
[22]保宏翔.驻防高原男性新兵生理及认知功能改变的影响因素研究[J].解放军预防医学杂志,2016,34(5):653-655.
[23]高伊星.久居高原青年官兵脑功能的变化特征及其相关因素研究[D].重庆:第三军医大学,2013.
[24]韩国玲.高原低氧对人体认知功能影响的研究[J].高原医学杂志,2009,19(4):62-64.
[25]BOLMONT B,THULLIER F,ABRAINI J.Relationships between mood states and performances in reaction time,psychomotor ability,and mental efficiency during a 31-day gradual decompression in a hypobaric chamber from sea level to 8848m equivalent altitude[J].Physiol Behav,2001,71(5):469-476.
[26]PAGANI M,RAVAGNAN G,SALMASO D.Effect of acclimatisation to altitude on learning[J].Cortex,1998,34(2):243-251.