甘南草原高原鼢鼠年龄划分及其组成分析
|
摘要
建立高原鼢鼠(Eospalax baileyi)种群年龄鉴定划分标准,可为对其的监测及防控提供科学依据。研究于2015年5月、10月分别在甘南草原碌曲县采用夹捕法捕捉高原鼢鼠469只(雄鼠209只,雌鼠260只),在对样本进行逐个解剖和数据记录之后,参考其体重、体长、胴体重及毛色等,对高原鼢鼠的年龄划分标准进行研究。依据胴体重将高原鼢鼠分为6组:亚成年组(雄<144 g,雌<106 g),成年Ⅰ组(雄144~210 g,雌106~148 g)、成年Ⅱ组(雄211~276 g,雌149~190 g)、成年Ⅲ组(雄277~342 g,雌191~232 g)、成年Ⅳ组(雄343~408 g,雌233~274 g)和老年组(雄>409 g,雌>275 g)。年龄结构表显示,不同的季节和不同地理区域高原鼢鼠的种群年龄结构类型均为增长型。
Age estimation is of paramount importance for studying animal population ecology. The methods of age assessment may help us to determine different individual or population criteria including growth rate, age of sexual maturity, population birth rate, survival rate, age structure, etc. Furthermore, the age and its variation can largely determine the potential and size of the population, and thus form a high population size and cause the damages. The knowledge of population age structure and composition can give us the importantreference for the animals management. Plateau Zokor(Eospalax baileyi) is a typical subterranean rodent species inhabit the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. They usually dwell prairies, meadows and farm fields and form dense populations, destroy crops, compete with other livestock, and cause soil erosion. Even worse, Zokors population may reach pest levels when the grasslands are overgrazed by livestock and hence they aggravate the grassland degradation. In our study, 469 Plateau Zokor(260 females, 209 males) were captured in Gannan meadow, Luqu County during May to October 2015. The body length, body weight, carcass weight, propagation characteristics of each individuals was recorded, and the difference between each age groups body weights, carcass weights were analyzed by using t-test. Results show that the average body weight of female and male Zokors was significantly different(274.1 ± 2.7 g vs. 386.0 ± 5.7 g). Using body weight as the standard, Plateau Zokor can be divided into 5 natural age groups. By inter-age group differences t-test, adjacent difference between the two groups was significant(P < 0.05)(Table 1). There was no significant high correlationship between body length and body weight(Table 2). Moreover, we compared the efficiency of age determination by body weights or carcass weights, and found out that the carcass weight is the more suitable parameter. Taking the reproductive status as a reference, we divided the female and male Zokors into 5 age groups: Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ(Table 3). The age determination of Plateau Zokor has followed a growth-oriented pattern in different areas and seasons in Luqu County(Fig. 1 and Fig. 2). The formula of age estimation by carcass weight obtained from the present study can be used as a reference chart in Plateau Zokor control strategies.
Age estimation is of paramount importance for studying animal population ecology. The methods of age assessment may help us to determine different individual or population criteria including growth rate, age of sexual maturity, population birth rate, survival rate, age structure, etc. Furthermore, the age and its variation can largely determine the potential and size of the population, and thus form a high population size and cause the damages. The knowledge of population age structure and composition can give us the importantreference for the animals management. Plateau Zokor(Eospalax baileyi) is a typical subterranean rodent species inhabit the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. They usually dwell prairies, meadows and farm fields and form dense populations, destroy crops, compete with other livestock, and cause soil erosion. Even worse, Zokors population may reach pest levels when the grasslands are overgrazed by livestock and hence they aggravate the grassland degradation. In our study, 469 Plateau Zokor(260 females, 209 males) were captured in Gannan meadow, Luqu County during May to October 2015. The body length, body weight, carcass weight, propagation characteristics of each individuals was recorded, and the difference between each age groups body weights, carcass weights were analyzed by using t-test. Results show that the average body weight of female and male Zokors was significantly different(274.1 ± 2.7 g vs. 386.0 ± 5.7 g). Using body weight as the standard, Plateau Zokor can be divided into 5 natural age groups. By inter-age group differences t-test, adjacent difference between the two groups was significant(P < 0.05)(Table 1). There was no significant high correlationship between body length and body weight(Table 2). Moreover, we compared the efficiency of age determination by body weights or carcass weights, and found out that the carcass weight is the more suitable parameter. Taking the reproductive status as a reference, we divided the female and male Zokors into 5 age groups: Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ(Table 3). The age determination of Plateau Zokor has followed a growth-oriented pattern in different areas and seasons in Luqu County(Fig. 1 and Fig. 2). The formula of age estimation by carcass weight obtained from the present study can be used as a reference chart in Plateau Zokor control strategies.
引文
Mitchell T W,Buffenstein R,Hulbert A J.2007.Membrane phospholipid composition may contribute to exceptional longevity of the naked mole-rat(Heterocephalus glaber):a comparative study using shotgun lipidomics.Experimental Gerontology,42(11):1053-1062.
Nevo E.2013.Stress,adaptation,and speciation in the evolution of the blind mole rat,Spalax,in Israel.Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution,66(2):515-525.
Norris R W,Zhou K Y,Zhou C Q,et al.2004.The phylogenetic position of the zokors(Myospalacinae)and comments on the families of muroids(Rodentia).Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution,31(3):972-978.
Purdey D C,King C M,Lawrence B.2004.Age structure,dispersion and diet of a population of stoats(Mustela erminea)in southern Fiordland during the decline phase of the beech mast cycle.New Zealand Journal of Zoology,31(3):205-225.
Tkadlec E,Zejda J.1998.Small rodent population fluctuations:The effects of age structure and seasonality.Evolutionary Ecology,12(2):191-210.
Vasileiadou K,Hooker J J,Collinson M E.2008.Quantification and age structure of semi-hypsodont extinct rodent populations.Journal of Taphonomy,5(1):15-41.
Zhang Y M,Zhang Z B,Liu J K.2003.Burrowing rodents as ecosystem engineers:the ecology and management of plateau zokors Myospalax fontanierii in alpine meadow ecosystems on the Tibetan Plateau.Mammal Review,33(3):284-294.
鲍毅新,诸葛阳.1984.社鼠的年龄鉴定与种群年龄组成.兽类学报,4(2):127-137.
陈立军,刘伟,苏永志,等.2013.典型草原区达乌尔鼠兔年龄划分标准.动物学杂志,48(3):345-350.
国廷杰,陈丽石,于海成,等.2000.东北鼢鼠种群年龄结构的划分.森林病虫通讯,19(1):17-19.
韩崇选,杨学军,王明春,等.2006.次改林地鼢鼠种群年龄结构和繁殖特性动态研究.中国森林病虫,25(5):1-5.
江廷安,郑生武,卢宗凡.1996.黄土高原甘肃鼢鼠危害及防治研究Ⅱ甘肃鼢鼠年龄鉴定及种群年龄结构的研究.水土保持研究,2(3):174-183.
李晓晨,王廷正.1992.甘肃鼢鼠种群年龄的研究.兽类学报,12(3):193-199.
苏军虎,刘荣堂,纪维红,等.2013.我国草地鼠害防治与研究的发展阶段及特征.草业科学,30(7):1116-1123.
苏军虎,Ji W H,南志标,等.2015.鼢鼠亚科Mysopalacinae动物系统学研究现状与展望.动物学杂志,50(4):649-658.
苏军虎,南志标,纪维红.2016.家畜放牧对啮齿动物影响的研究进展.草业学报,5(11):136-148.
陶燕铎,樊乃昌,景增春.1990.高原鼢鼠对草场的危害及防治阈值的探讨.中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,1(2):103-106.
汪志刚,刘荣堂,陈艳,等.1995.高原鼢鼠繁殖指数探讨.草业学报,4(1):61-68.
王也,张文杰,任娅茹,等.2014.浑善达克沙地三趾跳鼠体重与年龄划分.动物学杂志,49(6):798-803.
王永奇,盛岩,刘文华,等.2015.陕西凤县驯养林麝的种群动态、性比和年龄结构.生态学报,35(15):4986-4992.
魏万红,王权业,周文扬,等.1998.捕食干扰对高原鼢鼠Myospalax baileyi种群繁殖力的影响.生态学报,18(2):176-180.
杨荷芳.l990.小型兽类年龄鉴定方法简评.生态学杂志,9(2):45-55.
杨再学,郑元利,潘世昌,等.2009.褐家鼠的年龄鉴定及种群年龄组成.中国农学通报,25(14):218-223.
张碧岱,邹波,花慧贞.2013.山西省娄烦县中华鼢鼠种群年龄结构研究.山西科技,28(5):38-40.
张同作,崔庆虎,连新明,等.2006.退耕还林还草地鼠害治理--大林姬鼠种群年龄结构的研究.草业科学,23(2):67-70.
张堰铭.1999.捕杀对高原鼢鼠种群年龄结构及繁殖的影响.兽类学报,33(3):44-51.
张知彬,王祖望.1998.农业重要害鼠的生态学及控制对策.北京:海洋出版社,242-243.
郑生武,周立.1984.高原鼢鼠种群年龄的研究Ⅰ.高原鼢鼠种群年龄鉴定的主成分分析.兽类学报,4(4):311-319.
周立志,李迪强,王秀磊,等.2002.三江源自然保护区鼠害类型、现状和防治策略.安徽大学学报:自然科学版,26(2):87-96.
Nevo E.2013.Stress,adaptation,and speciation in the evolution of the blind mole rat,Spalax,in Israel.Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution,66(2):515-525.
Norris R W,Zhou K Y,Zhou C Q,et al.2004.The phylogenetic position of the zokors(Myospalacinae)and comments on the families of muroids(Rodentia).Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution,31(3):972-978.
Purdey D C,King C M,Lawrence B.2004.Age structure,dispersion and diet of a population of stoats(Mustela erminea)in southern Fiordland during the decline phase of the beech mast cycle.New Zealand Journal of Zoology,31(3):205-225.
Tkadlec E,Zejda J.1998.Small rodent population fluctuations:The effects of age structure and seasonality.Evolutionary Ecology,12(2):191-210.
Vasileiadou K,Hooker J J,Collinson M E.2008.Quantification and age structure of semi-hypsodont extinct rodent populations.Journal of Taphonomy,5(1):15-41.
Zhang Y M,Zhang Z B,Liu J K.2003.Burrowing rodents as ecosystem engineers:the ecology and management of plateau zokors Myospalax fontanierii in alpine meadow ecosystems on the Tibetan Plateau.Mammal Review,33(3):284-294.
鲍毅新,诸葛阳.1984.社鼠的年龄鉴定与种群年龄组成.兽类学报,4(2):127-137.
陈立军,刘伟,苏永志,等.2013.典型草原区达乌尔鼠兔年龄划分标准.动物学杂志,48(3):345-350.
国廷杰,陈丽石,于海成,等.2000.东北鼢鼠种群年龄结构的划分.森林病虫通讯,19(1):17-19.
韩崇选,杨学军,王明春,等.2006.次改林地鼢鼠种群年龄结构和繁殖特性动态研究.中国森林病虫,25(5):1-5.
江廷安,郑生武,卢宗凡.1996.黄土高原甘肃鼢鼠危害及防治研究Ⅱ甘肃鼢鼠年龄鉴定及种群年龄结构的研究.水土保持研究,2(3):174-183.
李晓晨,王廷正.1992.甘肃鼢鼠种群年龄的研究.兽类学报,12(3):193-199.
苏军虎,刘荣堂,纪维红,等.2013.我国草地鼠害防治与研究的发展阶段及特征.草业科学,30(7):1116-1123.
苏军虎,Ji W H,南志标,等.2015.鼢鼠亚科Mysopalacinae动物系统学研究现状与展望.动物学杂志,50(4):649-658.
苏军虎,南志标,纪维红.2016.家畜放牧对啮齿动物影响的研究进展.草业学报,5(11):136-148.
陶燕铎,樊乃昌,景增春.1990.高原鼢鼠对草场的危害及防治阈值的探讨.中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,1(2):103-106.
汪志刚,刘荣堂,陈艳,等.1995.高原鼢鼠繁殖指数探讨.草业学报,4(1):61-68.
王也,张文杰,任娅茹,等.2014.浑善达克沙地三趾跳鼠体重与年龄划分.动物学杂志,49(6):798-803.
王永奇,盛岩,刘文华,等.2015.陕西凤县驯养林麝的种群动态、性比和年龄结构.生态学报,35(15):4986-4992.
魏万红,王权业,周文扬,等.1998.捕食干扰对高原鼢鼠Myospalax baileyi种群繁殖力的影响.生态学报,18(2):176-180.
杨荷芳.l990.小型兽类年龄鉴定方法简评.生态学杂志,9(2):45-55.
杨再学,郑元利,潘世昌,等.2009.褐家鼠的年龄鉴定及种群年龄组成.中国农学通报,25(14):218-223.
张碧岱,邹波,花慧贞.2013.山西省娄烦县中华鼢鼠种群年龄结构研究.山西科技,28(5):38-40.
张同作,崔庆虎,连新明,等.2006.退耕还林还草地鼠害治理--大林姬鼠种群年龄结构的研究.草业科学,23(2):67-70.
张堰铭.1999.捕杀对高原鼢鼠种群年龄结构及繁殖的影响.兽类学报,33(3):44-51.
张知彬,王祖望.1998.农业重要害鼠的生态学及控制对策.北京:海洋出版社,242-243.
郑生武,周立.1984.高原鼢鼠种群年龄的研究Ⅰ.高原鼢鼠种群年龄鉴定的主成分分析.兽类学报,4(4):311-319.
周立志,李迪强,王秀磊,等.2002.三江源自然保护区鼠害类型、现状和防治策略.安徽大学学报:自然科学版,26(2):87-96.