高原鼢鼠地上土丘性状季节性差异
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摘要
高原鼢鼠(Myospalax baileyi)作为高寒草甸生态系统的重要组分,种群数量增加时往往会在地面造成大量土丘,这些土丘会对草地生态系统和草原生产造成严重危害,因此高原鼢鼠一直是草地生态学研究和草原生产领域关注的主要对象。由于高原鼢鼠属于营地下生活的鼠种,相较于其他地面鼠,研究技术难度更大,特别是对其种群数量的测定一直是难点。目前,利用与鼢鼠实际数量高度相关的地上土丘数量作为表示其种群密度的相对指标,是最为常用的研究方法之一。高原鼢鼠在不同季节和生长阶段产生鼠丘的数量有很大的不确定性,简单地采用地面土丘数量来代表鼠群密度的准确性得不到保证。针对这一问题,本研究对不同季节高原鼢鼠地上土丘数量、大小及分布格局等基本性状的差异进行了对比分析。结果显示,1)地上土丘数量、体积和聚集度等在不同季节均表现为秋季>春季>夏季。2)高原鼢鼠对草地生态系统的扰动主要集中在秋、春两季。3)线性回归分析表明,鼢鼠土丘的聚集度与土丘密度间呈显著正相关关系。
As an important component of the alpine meadow ecosystem,plateau zokor has always been a hot topic in the field of grassland ecology and grassland production.As the rat population increases,large mounds are formed in grassland ecosystem,causing serious harm to grassland production.Because the plateau belongs to the rat species living under the mounds,determination of their population is particularly difficult compared to that of other ground rats.At present,using the number of aboveground mounds,which is highly correlated with the actual number of the mole rats,is the most common method to evaluate the relative index of population density.However,there is a large uncertainty in the number of rat mounds produced by plateau zokor in different seasons and growth stages;and the accuracy of rat population density is relatively high.In this study,the differences of the number,size,and distribution patterns of the rats in different seasons were studied.The results showed seasonal variations in the number,volume,and concentration of the rats.The disturbance of grassland ecosystem in plateau zokor mainly occurred in autumn and spring.The number of rat mounds in autumn is an important basis for determining the rat population of plateau zokor in the following year.
As an important component of the alpine meadow ecosystem,plateau zokor has always been a hot topic in the field of grassland ecology and grassland production.As the rat population increases,large mounds are formed in grassland ecosystem,causing serious harm to grassland production.Because the plateau belongs to the rat species living under the mounds,determination of their population is particularly difficult compared to that of other ground rats.At present,using the number of aboveground mounds,which is highly correlated with the actual number of the mole rats,is the most common method to evaluate the relative index of population density.However,there is a large uncertainty in the number of rat mounds produced by plateau zokor in different seasons and growth stages;and the accuracy of rat population density is relatively high.In this study,the differences of the number,size,and distribution patterns of the rats in different seasons were studied.The results showed seasonal variations in the number,volume,and concentration of the rats.The disturbance of grassland ecosystem in plateau zokor mainly occurred in autumn and spring.The number of rat mounds in autumn is an important basis for determining the rat population of plateau zokor in the following year.
引文
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[7]陈林,廖文波,杨志松,张阳,何娅,周材权.高原鼢鼠土丘空间分布研究.西华师范大学学报(自然科学版),2010,31(2):122-125.CHEN L,LIAO W B,YANG Z S,ZHANG Y,HE Y,ZHOU C Q.The spatial distribution patterns of mound inhabited by Myospalax bailey.Journal of China West Normal University(Natural Sciences),2010,31(2):122-125.
[8]王宏生,鲍根生,曾辉,刘生财.高原鼢鼠生物学特性及其在生态系统中的作用.黑龙江畜牧兽医,2015(7):66-68.WANG H S,BAO G S,ZENG H,LIU S C.The biological characteristics of zokor rat and its role in ecosystem.Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2015(7):66-68.
[9]王权业,樊乃昌.高原鼢鼠(Myospalax baileyi)的挖掘活动及其种群数量统计方法的探讨.兽类学报,1987,7(4):283-290.WANG Q Y,FAN N C.Studies on the digging activities and exploration about the method of number estimation of plateau zoker.Acta Theriologica Sinica,1987,7(4):283-290.
[10]王权业,周文扬,张堰铭,樊乃昌.高原鼢鼠挖掘活动的观察.兽类学报,1994,14(3):203-208.WANG Q Y,ZHOU W Y,ZHANG Y M,FAN N C.The observation on burrowing behavior of plateau zokor(Myospalax baileyi).Acta Theriologica Sinica,1994,14(3):203-208.
[11]唐忠民,刘承毅.高原鼢鼠的最适生境及其活动规律研究与防治策略.草业与畜牧,2014(1):16-17.TANG Z M,LIU C Y.Study on the optimal habitat and its activity law of plateau zokor.Prataculture&Animal Husbandry,2014(1):16-17.
[12]王德华,王祖望.高寒地区高原鼢鼠消化道形态的季节变化.兽类学报,2000,20(4):270-276.WANG D H,WANG Z W.Seasonal variation in gastrointestinal tract morphology in plateau zokor rat(Myospalax baileyi).Acta Theriologica Sinica,2000,20(4):270-276.
[13]周延山,花立民,纪维红,楚彬,刘丽.鼢鼠亚科繁殖特性研究进展.草业科学,2015,32(6):1010-1016.ZHOU Y S,HUA L M,JI W H,CHU B,LIU L.A review about reproductive characteristics of zokors.Pratacultural Science,2015,32(6):1010-1016.
[14]宗浩,樊乃昌,于福溪,朱嘉城.高寒草甸生态系统优势鼠种高原鼢鼠(Myospalax baileyi)和高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)种群空间格局的研究.生态学报,1991,11(2):125-129.ZONG H,FAN N C,YU F X,ZHU J C.The research on the population spatial patterns of the plaetau zokor(Myospalax baileyi)and the plateau pike(Ochotona curzoniae)in the alpine meadow ecosystem.Acta Ecologica Sinica,1991,11(2):125-129.
[15]许国成.甘南夏河高寒草甸高原鼢鼠和高原鼠兔秋季栖息地特征.草业科学,2015,32(10):1675-1681.XU G C.Habitat characteristics of two dominant small mammal species Eospalax bailyei and Ochotona curzoniae in alpine meadow of Xiahe,Gannan.Pratacultural Science,2015,32(10):1675-1681.
[16]樊乃昌,谷守勤.中华鼢鼠(Myospalax baileyi)的洞道结构.兽类学报,1981,1(1):67-72.FAN N C,GU S Q.The structure of the tunnel system of the Chinese zoker.Acta Theriologica Sinica,1981,1(1):67-72.
[2]张兴禄,李广.高原鼠兔和高原鼢鼠在高寒草甸生态系统的作用.草业科学,2015,32(5):816-822.ZHANG X L,LI G.Effects of rodents activities on grazing land and ecosystem in alpine meadow.Pratacultural Science,2015,32(5):816-822.
[3]何俊龄,张金沙,杨莹博,邓汉刚,魏进招,张卫国.高原鼢鼠土丘空间格局及主要特征研究.草业学报,2006,15(1):107-112.HE J L,ZHANG J S,YANG Y B,DENG H G,WEI J Z,ZHANG W G.Study on the spatial pattern and the main characteristics of the zokor mole.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2006,15(1):107-112.
[4]周文扬,窦丰满.高原鼢鼠活动与巢区的初步研究.兽类学报,1990,10(1):31-39.ZHOU W Y,DOU F M.Studies on activity and home range of plateau zokor.Acta Theriologica Sinica,1990,10(1):31-39.
[5] REZSUTEK M,CAMERON G N.Vegetative edge effects and pocket gopher tunnels.Journal of Mammalogy,2007,81(4):1062-1070.
[6]王大伟,郭永旺,刘祖华,杨文超,张德勇,王福美,李宁,刘晓辉.川西北草原高原鼢鼠种群季节性特征与分布特点.植物保护,2013,39(4):124-128.WANG D H,GUO Y W,LIU Z H,YANG W C,ZHANG D Y,WANG F M,LI N,LIU X H.Seasonal variations and distribution of plateau zokor in Sichuan northwestern prairie.Plant Protection,2013,39(4):124-128.
[7]陈林,廖文波,杨志松,张阳,何娅,周材权.高原鼢鼠土丘空间分布研究.西华师范大学学报(自然科学版),2010,31(2):122-125.CHEN L,LIAO W B,YANG Z S,ZHANG Y,HE Y,ZHOU C Q.The spatial distribution patterns of mound inhabited by Myospalax bailey.Journal of China West Normal University(Natural Sciences),2010,31(2):122-125.
[8]王宏生,鲍根生,曾辉,刘生财.高原鼢鼠生物学特性及其在生态系统中的作用.黑龙江畜牧兽医,2015(7):66-68.WANG H S,BAO G S,ZENG H,LIU S C.The biological characteristics of zokor rat and its role in ecosystem.Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2015(7):66-68.
[9]王权业,樊乃昌.高原鼢鼠(Myospalax baileyi)的挖掘活动及其种群数量统计方法的探讨.兽类学报,1987,7(4):283-290.WANG Q Y,FAN N C.Studies on the digging activities and exploration about the method of number estimation of plateau zoker.Acta Theriologica Sinica,1987,7(4):283-290.
[10]王权业,周文扬,张堰铭,樊乃昌.高原鼢鼠挖掘活动的观察.兽类学报,1994,14(3):203-208.WANG Q Y,ZHOU W Y,ZHANG Y M,FAN N C.The observation on burrowing behavior of plateau zokor(Myospalax baileyi).Acta Theriologica Sinica,1994,14(3):203-208.
[11]唐忠民,刘承毅.高原鼢鼠的最适生境及其活动规律研究与防治策略.草业与畜牧,2014(1):16-17.TANG Z M,LIU C Y.Study on the optimal habitat and its activity law of plateau zokor.Prataculture&Animal Husbandry,2014(1):16-17.
[12]王德华,王祖望.高寒地区高原鼢鼠消化道形态的季节变化.兽类学报,2000,20(4):270-276.WANG D H,WANG Z W.Seasonal variation in gastrointestinal tract morphology in plateau zokor rat(Myospalax baileyi).Acta Theriologica Sinica,2000,20(4):270-276.
[13]周延山,花立民,纪维红,楚彬,刘丽.鼢鼠亚科繁殖特性研究进展.草业科学,2015,32(6):1010-1016.ZHOU Y S,HUA L M,JI W H,CHU B,LIU L.A review about reproductive characteristics of zokors.Pratacultural Science,2015,32(6):1010-1016.
[14]宗浩,樊乃昌,于福溪,朱嘉城.高寒草甸生态系统优势鼠种高原鼢鼠(Myospalax baileyi)和高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)种群空间格局的研究.生态学报,1991,11(2):125-129.ZONG H,FAN N C,YU F X,ZHU J C.The research on the population spatial patterns of the plaetau zokor(Myospalax baileyi)and the plateau pike(Ochotona curzoniae)in the alpine meadow ecosystem.Acta Ecologica Sinica,1991,11(2):125-129.
[15]许国成.甘南夏河高寒草甸高原鼢鼠和高原鼠兔秋季栖息地特征.草业科学,2015,32(10):1675-1681.XU G C.Habitat characteristics of two dominant small mammal species Eospalax bailyei and Ochotona curzoniae in alpine meadow of Xiahe,Gannan.Pratacultural Science,2015,32(10):1675-1681.
[16]樊乃昌,谷守勤.中华鼢鼠(Myospalax baileyi)的洞道结构.兽类学报,1981,1(1):67-72.FAN N C,GU S Q.The structure of the tunnel system of the Chinese zoker.Acta Theriologica Sinica,1981,1(1):67-72.