三类油层压裂驱油技术设计及效果研究
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摘要
大庆油田三类油层的高效开发技术研究是保障油田高产稳产的关键。针对萨中开发区三类油层砂体类型多、储层物性差,在开发过程中采出程度低、剩余油零散、吸附量大,化学驱难度大等问题,提出了"压裂驱油"技术,通过压裂造长缝形成高速通道,将高效驱油剂经裂缝快速送至剩余油富集部位,边压裂造缝边沿程上下滤失,减少化学剂与地层之间接触时间和接触距离,以降低注入过程中化学剂性能的沿程损失,提高利用效率,增强驱油效果。现场试验表明,三类油层工艺上能够实现压裂驱油注入,且试注井组见到驱油效果,可推广应用于萨中开发区萨葡三类和高台子三类油层,作为增产增注技术快速挖潜零散井点剩余油。
The efficient exploitation of the Class III reservoir in the Daqing Oilfield is necessary for realizing a high and stable yield of oil. To solve the problems encountered in the Sazhong Development Zone, such as the multiple sand body types present,poor physical properties of the reservoir, low recovery, scattered distribution of remaining oil, high adsorption, and the difficulty in chemical flooding during oil extraction, a "fracturing flooding" technique is proposed. In this method, a high-speed channel is formed by a long fracture to quickly deliver high-efficiency oil displacement agents to sites with enriched remaining oil.Filtration loss happens along the way as the channel is formed by fracturing to reduce the contact duration and distance between the chemical agents and strata. Hence, the decrease in the effectiveness of the chemical agents during the injection process is minimized, and their usage efficiency and flooding effect are improved. Field tests show that the injection of oil displacement agents through a fracture is technically possible for the Class Ⅲ reservoir. Satisfactory flooding results are seen in the wells where trial injections are performed. This method could be applied to Sapu Class III reservoir and Gaotaizi Class III reservoir of the Sazhong Development Zone to realize production and injection enhancement for the rapid tapping of scattered remaining oil in the wells.
The efficient exploitation of the Class III reservoir in the Daqing Oilfield is necessary for realizing a high and stable yield of oil. To solve the problems encountered in the Sazhong Development Zone, such as the multiple sand body types present,poor physical properties of the reservoir, low recovery, scattered distribution of remaining oil, high adsorption, and the difficulty in chemical flooding during oil extraction, a "fracturing flooding" technique is proposed. In this method, a high-speed channel is formed by a long fracture to quickly deliver high-efficiency oil displacement agents to sites with enriched remaining oil.Filtration loss happens along the way as the channel is formed by fracturing to reduce the contact duration and distance between the chemical agents and strata. Hence, the decrease in the effectiveness of the chemical agents during the injection process is minimized, and their usage efficiency and flooding effect are improved. Field tests show that the injection of oil displacement agents through a fracture is technically possible for the Class Ⅲ reservoir. Satisfactory flooding results are seen in the wells where trial injections are performed. This method could be applied to Sapu Class III reservoir and Gaotaizi Class III reservoir of the Sazhong Development Zone to realize production and injection enhancement for the rapid tapping of scattered remaining oil in the wells.
引文
[1]王雨,宋考平,杨二龙,等.萨中开发区剩余油潜力与动用状况评价方法[J].大庆石油学院学报,2009, 33(2):48-52. doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4107.2009.02.012WANG Yu, SONG Kaoping, YANG Erlong, et al. The evaluating method for potential remaining oil and utilization degree in Sazhong Area[J]. Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute, 2009, 33(2):48-52. doi:10.3969/j.issn.-2095-4107.2009.02.012
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[5]李昂,陈树民,张尔华,等.大庆长垣高台子地区扶余油层低孔渗储层地震叠前描述技术[J].中国石油勘探,2011,16(5):139-147. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2011.05-06.019LI Ang, CHEN Shumin, ZHANG Erhua, et al. Prestack seismic descriptive technique for low porosity and low permeability reservoirs in Fuyu oil layer of Gaotaizi Area,Changyuan tectoniczone in Daqing Oilfield[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2011, 16(5):139-147. doi:10.3969/-j.issn.1672-7703.2011.05-06.019
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[7]张乐.大庆油田长垣地区润湿性研究[J].长江大学学报,2014, 11(31):162-164. doi:10.16772/j.cnki.1673-1409.2014.31.048ZHANG Le. Research on wettability of changyuan area in Daqing oilfield[J]. Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edition), 2014, 11(31):162-164. doi:10.16772/-j.cnki.1673-1409.2014.31.048
[8]王德民,廖广志.大庆油田提高原油采收率技术综述[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2001,20(2):9-13.WANG Demin, LIAO Guangzhi. What is after water flooding in Daqing Oilfield[J]. Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2001,20(2):9-13.
[9]贾忠伟,杨清彦,侯战捷,等.三类油层三元复合驱提高采收率可行性研究[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2013, 32(2):106-109. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-3754.-2013.02.020JIA Zhongwei, YANG Qingyan, HOU Zhanjie, et al. Eor feasibility study on ASP flooding for class III oil reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2013, 32(2):106-109. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-3754.2013.02.020
[10]程航.特高含水期水驱高效压裂工艺技术[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2013,32(2):150-153.doi:10.3969/j.-issn. 1000-3754.2013.02.030CHENG Hang. High-efficiency fracturing technology applied in the water flooding in the stage of ultra high water cut[J]. Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2013, 32(2):150-153. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-3754.2013.02.030
[11]蔡文斌,李兆敏,张霞林,等.低渗透油藏水平井压裂理论及现场工艺探讨[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(1):80-85.CAI Wenbin, LI Zhaomin, ZHANG Xialin, et al. Horizontal well fracturing technology for reservoirs with low permeability[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2009, 36(1):80-85.
[12]胡若菡,赵金洲,蒲谢洋,等.致密油藏缝网压裂模式的渗透率界限[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2015, 34(5):166-169. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-3754.2015.05.032HU Ruohan, ZHAO Jinzhou, PU Xieyang, et al. Permeability limitation of the network fracturing in the tight oil reservoir[J]. Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2015, 34(5):166-169. doi:10.3969/-j.issn. 1000-3754.2015.05.032
[13]雷群,胥云,蒋廷学,等.用于提高低-特低渗透油气藏改造效果的缝网压裂技术[J].石油学报,2009, 30(2):237-241.LEI Qun,XU Yun,JIANG Tingxue,et al.“Fracture network"fracturing technique for improving post-fracturing performance of low and ultra-low permeability reservoirs[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2009, 30(2):237-241.
[14] MARTINS J P, LEUNG K H, JACKSON M R, et al.Tip screen out fracturing applied to the Raven spurn south gas field development[C]. SPE 19766-PA, 1992. doi:10.2118/19766-PA
[15] CUI Mingyue, SHAN Wenwen, JIN Liang, et al. In fracture explosive hydraulic fracturing fluid and its rheological study[C]. SPE 103807-MS, 2006. doi:10.2118/103807-MS
[16]周望,谢朝阳.大庆油田水力压裂技术的发展[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1998, 17(2):34-37.ZHOU Wang, XIE Zhaoyang. Development of hydrafrac technique in Daqing Oilfield[J]. Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing, 1998, 17(2):34-37.
[17]李进步,卢双舫,陈国辉,等.基于矿物学和岩石力学的泥页岩储层可压裂性评价[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2015, 34(6):159-164. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-3754.2015.06.029LI Jinbu, LU Shuangfang, CHEN Guohui, et al. Friability evaluation for the mud shale reservoirs based on the mineralogy and rock mechanics[J]. Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2015, 34(6):159-164. doi:10.3969/j.issn. 1000-3754.2015.06.029
[18]谢朝阳,李志,罗美娥,等.大庆油田薄差油层压裂挖潜技术[J].断块油气田,1997, 4(4):53-56.XIE Zhaoyang, LI Zhi, LUO Meie, et al. The fracturing technology of thin and bad reservoir in Daqing Oilfield[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,1997,4(4):53-56.
[19]彪仿俊,刘合,张士诚,等.水力压裂水平裂缝影响参数的数值模拟研究[J].工程力学,2011,28(10):228-235.BIAO Fangjun, LIU He, ZHANG Shicheng, et al. A numerical simulation study on hydraulic fracturing of horizontal fractures[J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2011,28(10):228-235.
[20]刘义坤,于倩男,梁爽,等.朝阳沟油田压裂井层优选[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2013, 32(2):136-140.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-3754.2013.02.027LIU Yikun, YU Qiannan, LIANG Shuang, et al. Optimization of the well-layers for fracturing in Changyanggou oilfield[J]. Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2013, 32(2):136-140. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-3754.2013.02.027
[21]陶建文,宋考平,何金钢,等.特低渗透油藏超前注水效果影响因素实验[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2015, 26(3):156-160. doi:10.3969/j.issn. 1000-3754.-2015.03.012TAO Jianwen, SONG Kaoping, HE Jingang, et al. Experiment of the influencing factors of the advanced water injection in extra low permeability oil reservoir[J]. Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2015,26(3):156-160. doi:10.3969/j.issn. 1000-3754.2015.03.-012
[22]温庆志,蒲春生.启动压力梯度对压裂井生产动态影响研究[J].西安石油大学学报,2009, 24(4):50-53. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-064X.2009.04.013WEN Qingzhi, PU Chunsheng. Effect of starting pressure gradient on the production performance of fractured wells[J]. Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition), 2009, 24(4):50-53. doi:10.3969/j.issn.-1673-064X.2009.04.013
[2]刘吉余,刘曼玉,徐浩.高含水期采出程度影响因素分析及定量计算——以大庆油田萨中开发区为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2010, 17(1):62-67. doi:10.3969/j.-issn.1009-9603.2010.01.018LIU Jiyu, LIU Manyu, XU Hao. Analysis and quantitative calculation on influencing factors of recovery percent at the high water cut stage:A case study of Sazhong development Area, Daqing Oilfield[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 2010,17(1):62-67. doi:10.3969/j.-issn.1009-9603.2010.01.018
[3]苗厚纯,阚春玲.大庆油田萨中开发区水驱精细挖潜实践与认识[J].长江大学学报(自科版),2013, 26(10):134-136. doi:10.16772/j.cnki.1673-1409.2013.26.049MIAO Houchun, KAN Chunling. Practice and understanding of water drive fine excavation in Sazhong development zone of Daqing Oilfield[J]. Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edition), 2013, 26(10):134-136. doi:10.16772/j.cnki.1673-1409.2013.26.049
[4]王启民.油田表外储层的研究与开发[J].国外油田工程,1998, 1(1):5-8.WANG Qimin. Research and development of offshore surface reservoir in oil field[J]. Foreign Oil Field Engineering, 1998,1(1):5-8.
[5]李昂,陈树民,张尔华,等.大庆长垣高台子地区扶余油层低孔渗储层地震叠前描述技术[J].中国石油勘探,2011,16(5):139-147. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2011.05-06.019LI Ang, CHEN Shumin, ZHANG Erhua, et al. Prestack seismic descriptive technique for low porosity and low permeability reservoirs in Fuyu oil layer of Gaotaizi Area,Changyuan tectoniczone in Daqing Oilfield[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2011, 16(5):139-147. doi:10.3969/-j.issn.1672-7703.2011.05-06.019
[6]李东伟.在高台子油层细分注水调整方法研究[J].科技创新导报,2014(17):25. doi:10.16660/j.cnki.1674-098x.2014.17.018LI Dongwei. Research on the method of water injection subdivision adjustment in gaotaizi oil layer[J]. Science and Technology Innovation Herald, 2014(17):25. doi:10.-16660/j.cnki. 1674-098x.2014.17.018
[7]张乐.大庆油田长垣地区润湿性研究[J].长江大学学报,2014, 11(31):162-164. doi:10.16772/j.cnki.1673-1409.2014.31.048ZHANG Le. Research on wettability of changyuan area in Daqing oilfield[J]. Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edition), 2014, 11(31):162-164. doi:10.16772/-j.cnki.1673-1409.2014.31.048
[8]王德民,廖广志.大庆油田提高原油采收率技术综述[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2001,20(2):9-13.WANG Demin, LIAO Guangzhi. What is after water flooding in Daqing Oilfield[J]. Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2001,20(2):9-13.
[9]贾忠伟,杨清彦,侯战捷,等.三类油层三元复合驱提高采收率可行性研究[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2013, 32(2):106-109. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-3754.-2013.02.020JIA Zhongwei, YANG Qingyan, HOU Zhanjie, et al. Eor feasibility study on ASP flooding for class III oil reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2013, 32(2):106-109. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-3754.2013.02.020
[10]程航.特高含水期水驱高效压裂工艺技术[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2013,32(2):150-153.doi:10.3969/j.-issn. 1000-3754.2013.02.030CHENG Hang. High-efficiency fracturing technology applied in the water flooding in the stage of ultra high water cut[J]. Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2013, 32(2):150-153. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-3754.2013.02.030
[11]蔡文斌,李兆敏,张霞林,等.低渗透油藏水平井压裂理论及现场工艺探讨[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(1):80-85.CAI Wenbin, LI Zhaomin, ZHANG Xialin, et al. Horizontal well fracturing technology for reservoirs with low permeability[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2009, 36(1):80-85.
[12]胡若菡,赵金洲,蒲谢洋,等.致密油藏缝网压裂模式的渗透率界限[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2015, 34(5):166-169. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-3754.2015.05.032HU Ruohan, ZHAO Jinzhou, PU Xieyang, et al. Permeability limitation of the network fracturing in the tight oil reservoir[J]. Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2015, 34(5):166-169. doi:10.3969/-j.issn. 1000-3754.2015.05.032
[13]雷群,胥云,蒋廷学,等.用于提高低-特低渗透油气藏改造效果的缝网压裂技术[J].石油学报,2009, 30(2):237-241.LEI Qun,XU Yun,JIANG Tingxue,et al.“Fracture network"fracturing technique for improving post-fracturing performance of low and ultra-low permeability reservoirs[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2009, 30(2):237-241.
[14] MARTINS J P, LEUNG K H, JACKSON M R, et al.Tip screen out fracturing applied to the Raven spurn south gas field development[C]. SPE 19766-PA, 1992. doi:10.2118/19766-PA
[15] CUI Mingyue, SHAN Wenwen, JIN Liang, et al. In fracture explosive hydraulic fracturing fluid and its rheological study[C]. SPE 103807-MS, 2006. doi:10.2118/103807-MS
[16]周望,谢朝阳.大庆油田水力压裂技术的发展[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1998, 17(2):34-37.ZHOU Wang, XIE Zhaoyang. Development of hydrafrac technique in Daqing Oilfield[J]. Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing, 1998, 17(2):34-37.
[17]李进步,卢双舫,陈国辉,等.基于矿物学和岩石力学的泥页岩储层可压裂性评价[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2015, 34(6):159-164. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-3754.2015.06.029LI Jinbu, LU Shuangfang, CHEN Guohui, et al. Friability evaluation for the mud shale reservoirs based on the mineralogy and rock mechanics[J]. Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2015, 34(6):159-164. doi:10.3969/j.issn. 1000-3754.2015.06.029
[18]谢朝阳,李志,罗美娥,等.大庆油田薄差油层压裂挖潜技术[J].断块油气田,1997, 4(4):53-56.XIE Zhaoyang, LI Zhi, LUO Meie, et al. The fracturing technology of thin and bad reservoir in Daqing Oilfield[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,1997,4(4):53-56.
[19]彪仿俊,刘合,张士诚,等.水力压裂水平裂缝影响参数的数值模拟研究[J].工程力学,2011,28(10):228-235.BIAO Fangjun, LIU He, ZHANG Shicheng, et al. A numerical simulation study on hydraulic fracturing of horizontal fractures[J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2011,28(10):228-235.
[20]刘义坤,于倩男,梁爽,等.朝阳沟油田压裂井层优选[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2013, 32(2):136-140.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-3754.2013.02.027LIU Yikun, YU Qiannan, LIANG Shuang, et al. Optimization of the well-layers for fracturing in Changyanggou oilfield[J]. Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2013, 32(2):136-140. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-3754.2013.02.027
[21]陶建文,宋考平,何金钢,等.特低渗透油藏超前注水效果影响因素实验[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2015, 26(3):156-160. doi:10.3969/j.issn. 1000-3754.-2015.03.012TAO Jianwen, SONG Kaoping, HE Jingang, et al. Experiment of the influencing factors of the advanced water injection in extra low permeability oil reservoir[J]. Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2015,26(3):156-160. doi:10.3969/j.issn. 1000-3754.2015.03.-012
[22]温庆志,蒲春生.启动压力梯度对压裂井生产动态影响研究[J].西安石油大学学报,2009, 24(4):50-53. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-064X.2009.04.013WEN Qingzhi, PU Chunsheng. Effect of starting pressure gradient on the production performance of fractured wells[J]. Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition), 2009, 24(4):50-53. doi:10.3969/j.issn.-1673-064X.2009.04.013