腾格里沙漠东南缘三种植物钙质根管化学性质研究
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摘要
干旱地区土壤具有独特的性质,其土壤剖面中的水盐运动变化也是如此,而植物钙质根管的形成就是水盐运移的结果.通过野外观测、采样,在腾格里沙漠东南缘随机采集了12组植物钙质根管以及不同坡位地表风积沙样品,测量上述样品的速效氮、速效钾、速效磷、Ca离子、有机质含量及pH值,以探究土壤水盐运移对植物钙质根管分布和形成的影响.结果显示:植物钙质根管的分布规律与不同坡位风积沙的化学性质差异无直接联系;三种植物钙质根管中钙质根套的化学性质最接近地表风积沙;植物钙质根管中速效磷、Ca离子和有机质含量明显高于风积沙样品,而速效氮含量、pH值与地表风积沙无明显差别.通过对比分析植物钙质根管的化学性质,发现植物钙质根管的形成可能指示了相对湿润的气候环境.
The soil has its unique feature in arid areas,as does the change of water and salt movement in the soil profile.The formation of calcareous root tube was caused by water and salt transport.Together with field observation,we collected 12 groups of calcareous root tube and 12 sets of surface aeolian sand samples in different slope positions randomly from the southeastern margin of the Tengger Desert.The physicochemical properties of available nitrogen(AN),available potassium(AK),available phosphorus(AP),Ca~(2+),organic matter content and pH value of the above samples were measured to illustrate the effects of soil water and salt transport on the formation and distribution of calcareous root tubes.The results demonstrated that the distribution of calcareous root tubes was not directly related to the physicochemical properties of surface aeolian sands at different slopes.In the three types of calcareous root tube,we found that the physicochemical properties of calcareous sheath were close to surface aeolian sand.The measurement showed that contents of AP,Ca~(2+) and organic matter in plant calcareous root canal were significantly higher than those in aeolian sand samples,while,AN content and pH value were not significantly different from surface aeolian sand.Comparing and analyzing the physicochemical properties of plant calcareous root tubes suggested that the formation of calcareous root canals in plants might indicate a relatively humid climate.
The soil has its unique feature in arid areas,as does the change of water and salt movement in the soil profile.The formation of calcareous root tube was caused by water and salt transport.Together with field observation,we collected 12 groups of calcareous root tube and 12 sets of surface aeolian sand samples in different slope positions randomly from the southeastern margin of the Tengger Desert.The physicochemical properties of available nitrogen(AN),available potassium(AK),available phosphorus(AP),Ca~(2+),organic matter content and pH value of the above samples were measured to illustrate the effects of soil water and salt transport on the formation and distribution of calcareous root tubes.The results demonstrated that the distribution of calcareous root tubes was not directly related to the physicochemical properties of surface aeolian sands at different slopes.In the three types of calcareous root tube,we found that the physicochemical properties of calcareous sheath were close to surface aeolian sand.The measurement showed that contents of AP,Ca~(2+) and organic matter in plant calcareous root canal were significantly higher than those in aeolian sand samples,while,AN content and pH value were not significantly different from surface aeolian sand.Comparing and analyzing the physicochemical properties of plant calcareous root tubes suggested that the formation of calcareous root canals in plants might indicate a relatively humid climate.
引文
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[4] Zhuang W W,Downin A,Zhang Y M. The influence of biological soil crusts on 15N translocation in soil and vascular plant in a temperate desert of Northwestern China [J]. Journal of Plant Ecology,2015,8(4):420-428.
[5] 刘瑞香,马迎梅,刘冰,等. 额济纳荒漠红砂(Reaumuria soongorica)根系分布与土壤环境关系的研究 [J]. 干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(6):149-154.
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[7] 李铭,姜继元,窦中江,等. 绿洲与荒漠交错带植被恢复区土壤水分变化研究 [J]. 干旱区资源与环境,2011,25(2):156-161.
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[10] 李卓仑,邵孔兰,宁凯,等. 阿拉善高原沙漠地区植物钙质根管的矿物组成特征 [J]. 中国沙漠,2015,35(6):1483-1488.
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[13] Gpcke M,Pustovoytov K,Kuhn P,et al. Carbonate rhizoliths in loess and their implications for paleoenvironmental reconstruction revealed by isotopic composition:δ~(13)C,~(14)C [J]. Chemical Geology,2011,283(3/4):251-260.
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[15] Li Zhuolun,Wang Naiang,Cheng Hongyi,et al. Formation and environmental significance of late Quaternary calcareous root tubes in the deserts of the Alashan Plateau,northwest China [J]. Quaternary International,2015,372:167-174.
[16] 李卓仑,高有红,李若兰,等. 阿拉善沙漠全新世钙质根管形成机制及其古环境指示意义:来自微观形态学证据 [J/OL]. 沉积学报:1-10 [2018-08-09].
[17] 杨小平. 近3万年来巴丹吉林沙漠的景观发育与雨量变化 [J]. 科学通报,2000(4):428-434.
[18] 陈建生,赵霞,汪集旸,等. 巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊钙华与根状结核的发现对研究湖泊水补给的意义 [J]. 中国岩溶,2004(4):21-26.
[19] 闫满存,王光谦,李保生,等. 巴丹吉林沙漠高大沙山的形成发育研究 [J]. 地理学报,2001(1):83-91.
[20] 高尚玉,陈渭南,靳鹤龄,等. 全新世中国季风区西北缘沙漠演化初步研究 [J]. 中国科学,1993(2):202-208.
[21] 高有红,李卓仑,韩朗,等. 阿拉善沙漠植物钙质根管:形态特征、分类及其环境指示意义 [J]. 沉积学报,2017,35(1):75-84.
[22] Calvet F,Pomar L,Esteban M. Las rizocreciones del Pleistocenode Mallorca [J]. Instituto de Investigaciones Geologicas dela Universidad de Barcelona,1975,30:35-60.
[23] Alonso-Zarza A M,Genise J F,Cabrera M C,et al. Megarhizoliths in pleistocene aeolian deposits from Gran canaria(Spain):ichnological and palaeoenvironmental significance [J]. palaeo-graphy,palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2008,265(1/2):39-51.
[24] 李超,董治宝,崔徐甲. 腾格里沙漠东南缘不同发育阶段横向沙丘粒度特征 [J]. 中国沙漠,2015,35(1):129-135.
[25] 张正偲,董治宝. 腾格里沙漠东南部野外风沙流观测 [J]. 中国沙漠,2013,33(4):973-980.
[26] 张正偲,董治宝,赵爱国. 腾格里沙漠东南部近地层沙尘水平通量和降尘量随高度的变化特征 [J]. 环境科学研究,2010,23(2):165-169.
[27] Catherine Bailey. Rhizosheath occurrence in South African grasses [J]. South African Journal of Botany,1997,63(6):484-490
[28] Wright V P,Plantt N H,Marriott S B,et al. A classification of rhizogenic (root-formed) calcretes,with examples from the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous of Spain and Upper Cretaceous of southern France [J]. Sedimentary Geology,1995,10(1):143-158.
[29] 段娜,章尧想,刘芳,等. 植物氮素吸收及其转运蛋白研究进展 [J]. 分子植物育种,2015,13(2):461-468.
[2] Noy-Meir I. Desert ecosystems:environment and producers [J]. Annual Review of Ecology Systematics,1973,4:25-51.
[3] Belén M,Ana Q,Francisco L,et al. Nitrogen-use efficiency of young citrus tree s influenced by the timing of fertilizer application [J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and soil science,2012,175(2):282-292.
[4] Zhuang W W,Downin A,Zhang Y M. The influence of biological soil crusts on 15N translocation in soil and vascular plant in a temperate desert of Northwestern China [J]. Journal of Plant Ecology,2015,8(4):420-428.
[5] 刘瑞香,马迎梅,刘冰,等. 额济纳荒漠红砂(Reaumuria soongorica)根系分布与土壤环境关系的研究 [J]. 干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(6):149-154.
[6] 崔向慧. 干旱半干旱沙区人工植被与土壤水分环境相互作用关系研究进展 [J]. 世界林业研究,2010,23(6):50-54.
[7] 李铭,姜继元,窦中江,等. 绿洲与荒漠交错带植被恢复区土壤水分变化研究 [J]. 干旱区资源与环境,2011,25(2):156-161.
[8] 李从娟,马健,李彦. 五种沙生植物根际土壤的盐分状况 [J]. 生态学报,2009,29(9):4649-4655.
[9] 赵宇,邵建荣. 干旱区滴灌条件下盐碱土壤盐基离子运移特征 [J]. 新疆农垦科技,2017,40(5):46-48.
[10] 李卓仑,邵孔兰,宁凯,等. 阿拉善高原沙漠地区植物钙质根管的矿物组成特征 [J]. 中国沙漠,2015,35(6):1483-1488.
[11] Klappa C F. Rhizoliths in terrestrial carbonates:classification,recognition,genesis and significance [J]. Sedimentology,1980,27(6):613-629.
[12] Barta G. Secondary carbonates in loess-paleosoil sequences:a general review [J]. Central European Journal of Geosciences,2011,3(2):129-146.
[13] Gpcke M,Pustovoytov K,Kuhn P,et al. Carbonate rhizoliths in loess and their implications for paleoenvironmental reconstruction revealed by isotopic composition:δ~(13)C,~(14)C [J]. Chemical Geology,2011,283(3/4):251-260.
[14] Gallant C E,Candy I,Van Den Bogaard P,et al. Stable isotopic evidence for Middle Pleistocene environment change from a loesspaleosol sequence:Karlich,Germany [J]. Boreas,2014,43(4):818-813.
[15] Li Zhuolun,Wang Naiang,Cheng Hongyi,et al. Formation and environmental significance of late Quaternary calcareous root tubes in the deserts of the Alashan Plateau,northwest China [J]. Quaternary International,2015,372:167-174.
[16] 李卓仑,高有红,李若兰,等. 阿拉善沙漠全新世钙质根管形成机制及其古环境指示意义:来自微观形态学证据 [J/OL]. 沉积学报:1-10 [2018-08-09].
[17] 杨小平. 近3万年来巴丹吉林沙漠的景观发育与雨量变化 [J]. 科学通报,2000(4):428-434.
[18] 陈建生,赵霞,汪集旸,等. 巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊钙华与根状结核的发现对研究湖泊水补给的意义 [J]. 中国岩溶,2004(4):21-26.
[19] 闫满存,王光谦,李保生,等. 巴丹吉林沙漠高大沙山的形成发育研究 [J]. 地理学报,2001(1):83-91.
[20] 高尚玉,陈渭南,靳鹤龄,等. 全新世中国季风区西北缘沙漠演化初步研究 [J]. 中国科学,1993(2):202-208.
[21] 高有红,李卓仑,韩朗,等. 阿拉善沙漠植物钙质根管:形态特征、分类及其环境指示意义 [J]. 沉积学报,2017,35(1):75-84.
[22] Calvet F,Pomar L,Esteban M. Las rizocreciones del Pleistocenode Mallorca [J]. Instituto de Investigaciones Geologicas dela Universidad de Barcelona,1975,30:35-60.
[23] Alonso-Zarza A M,Genise J F,Cabrera M C,et al. Megarhizoliths in pleistocene aeolian deposits from Gran canaria(Spain):ichnological and palaeoenvironmental significance [J]. palaeo-graphy,palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2008,265(1/2):39-51.
[24] 李超,董治宝,崔徐甲. 腾格里沙漠东南缘不同发育阶段横向沙丘粒度特征 [J]. 中国沙漠,2015,35(1):129-135.
[25] 张正偲,董治宝. 腾格里沙漠东南部野外风沙流观测 [J]. 中国沙漠,2013,33(4):973-980.
[26] 张正偲,董治宝,赵爱国. 腾格里沙漠东南部近地层沙尘水平通量和降尘量随高度的变化特征 [J]. 环境科学研究,2010,23(2):165-169.
[27] Catherine Bailey. Rhizosheath occurrence in South African grasses [J]. South African Journal of Botany,1997,63(6):484-490
[28] Wright V P,Plantt N H,Marriott S B,et al. A classification of rhizogenic (root-formed) calcretes,with examples from the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous of Spain and Upper Cretaceous of southern France [J]. Sedimentary Geology,1995,10(1):143-158.
[29] 段娜,章尧想,刘芳,等. 植物氮素吸收及其转运蛋白研究进展 [J]. 分子植物育种,2015,13(2):461-468.